Oregon LNG Job No.

07902
Warrenton, Oregon
Public Appendices

Resource Report 13
18 CFR 380.12(o)
Appendix P.2
Oregon LNG Job No. 07902
Warrenton, OR Doc No. 07902-CA-600-401, Rev: E
Firewater Equipment Sizing Calculation Page 1 of 21

FIREWATER EQUIPMENT SIZING

CALCULATION

By
H
H C H
H
CH·IV International
REV NUMBER: D E
Issued for ISSUED FOR
ISSUE PURPOSE: Client Review CLIENT
REVIEW
DATE: 06/13/2008 4/17/2012
BY: RRV ABR
CHECKED: RCT JVB
APPROVED: AAR AAR
Oregon LNG Job No. 07902
Warrenton, OR Doc No. 07902-CA-600-401, Rev: E
Firewater Equipment Sizing Calculation Page 2 of 21

1 Purpose of Calculation 3

2 Summary of Results 3

2.1 Maximum Firewater Demand 3

2.2 Equipment Sizing 3

3 Summary of Design Requirements 4

4 Firewater System Design Basis 5

4.1 Freshwater Supply System 5

4.1.1 Sprinkler, Water Spray, and Deluge System Demands 5
4.1.2 Pressure Requirements for Sprinkler, Deluge, and Water Spray
Systems and Monitors 7
4.1.3 Fire Scenarios for Firewater Sizing 7

4.2 Deluge Firewater Supply System 10

4.2.1 Flow Rate 10
4.2.2 System Pressure 12

5 Equipment Sizing 13

5.1 Firewater Tank 13

5.2 Electric/Diesel Firewater Pumps 14

5.3 Firewater Jockey Pumps 16

5.4 Deluge Firewater Pumps 16

6 Primary Assumptions (To be Confirmed During Detailed Engineering Design

Phase) 19

7 References 19

8 Appendix A: Calculation of Exposed Tank Surface Area Needed for Deluge

Firewater Supply System 20
Oregon LNG Job No. 07902
Warrenton, OR Doc No. 07902-CA-600-401, Rev: E
Firewater Equipment Sizing Calculation Page 3 of 21

1 PURPOSE OF CALCULATION
The purpose of this scoping calculation is to estimate the maximum firewater demand and
size the major pieces of equipment in the Firewater System for the Oregon LNG Terminal.
The major pieces of equipment included in this calculation are:
Firewater Tank (T-601)
Electric/Diesel Firewater Pumps (P-602 and P-603)
Firewater Jockey Pumps (P-604A/B)
Deluge Firewater Pumps (P-605A/B)

2 SUMMARY OF RESULTS

2.1 Maximum Firewater Demand

Three design fire scenarios were developed:

1. Major process LNG fire consisting of a severe fire at the loading area requiring
3,000 gpm at 100 psig.

2. Major process fire that exposes the Propane Feed Gas (or MR) Coolers to fire,
requiring 4,400 gpm at 25 psig.

3. LNG storage tank roof collapse and subsequent pool fire ignition requiring 6,800
gpm at 10 psig for adjacent tank's deluge system.

The first two scenarios are considered the bounding firewater demands for all cases at the
Terminal with the exception of an LNG storage tank fire. These first two scenarios are used
to size the Firewater Tank and the Electric Firewater Pump and the Diesel Firewater Pump.
The third scenario is an LNG storage tank pool fire following a tank roof collapse and
ignition, which is considered the most severe fire event for sizing the components of the
Deluge Firewater Supply System.

2.2 Equipment Sizing

The sizes of the major components in the Firewater System are summarized in Table 1. The
values in the table were calculated based on the assumptions described in Section 5, with the
primary assumptions summarized in Section 6. All assumptions used for equipment sizing
must be confirmed during detailed design of the Firewater System.
Oregon LNG Job No. 07902
Warrenton, OR Doc No. 07902-CA-600-401, Rev: E
Firewater Equipment Sizing Calculation Page 4 of 21

Table 1: Firewater System Equipment Sizing

Total
Rated
Equipment Equipment ID Quantity Developed Comment
Capacity
Head
Not 2 hour supply of
530,000
Firewater Tank\1 T-601 1 x 100% Applicable freshwater at
gal
4,400 gpm flow
1 electric motor
Electric/Diesel 3,000 driven pump and
P-602 / P-603 2 x 100% 370 ft
Firewater Pumps gpm 1 diesel driven
pump
Pressure
Firewater Jockey 250
P-604A/B 2 x 100% 235 ft maintenance
Pumps gpm \2
pumps
Deluge 4,500 Diesel engine
P-605A/B 2 x 100% 435 ft \3
Firewater Pumps gpm driven pumps
1
The Firewater Tank also stores water for the service water system. This reserved volume is not
available for use for other services. The firewater capacity is not available to other services through the
use of a standpipe. The design capacity shown is for the working volume reserved for fire services.
2
Firewater header pressure is maintained with one of the Firewater Jockey Pumps, with minimum flow
bypass to the Firewater Tank. Autostart provided for standby pump. One of the Firewater Jockey
Pumps starts automatically when the pressure starts falling and stops at the firewater header pressure.
3
Value shown is the total developed head (TDH) of the pump at 100% rated capacity. TDH at 150% of
rated capacity meets the system requirement. This is based on the NFPA 20, section 7.1.2.1 requirement
for the pumps to deliver no less than 150% of rated capacity at not less than 65% of rated head.

3 SUMMARY OF DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

Design requirements for the Firewater System at the Oregon LNG Terminal are as follows:
 The system shall be designed to deliver the maximum firewater demand to the
most hydraulically remote part of the system.
 The maximum firewater demand shall be based on the maximum required flow to
fixed fire protection systems at the required residual pressure plus a 1,000 gpm
hose stream flow (NFPA 59A-2001, Section 9.4.2).
 The system shall meet 100% capacity with the failure of the Electric Firewater
Pump.
 The Electric/Diesel Firewater Pumps shall have independent power supplies.
 The system shall meet the NFPA code requirement for two hours of firewater
capacity at the design basis flow rate (NFPA 59A-2001, Section 9.4.2).
Oregon LNG Job No. 07902
Warrenton, OR Doc No. 07902-CA-600-401, Rev: E
Firewater Equipment Sizing Calculation Page 5 of 21

 The LNG Storage Tank Deluge System will be supplied only by the Deluge
Firewater Pumps.

4 FIREWATER SYSTEM DESIGN BASIS

The maximum system capacity is designed to provide protection for the largest single
incident.

The Firewater System is illustrated on P&IDs 07902-PI-600-401, -402, -403, -404 and -405,
and consists of two systems: a Freshwater Supply System and a Deluge Firewater Supply
System. The Freshwater Supply System has a Firewater Storage Tank, one Electric
Firewater Pump, one Diesel Firewater Pump, two Firewater Jockey Pumps capable of
maintaining system pressure and providing small loads, a looped fire main, and various
sprinkler/spray systems, hydrants, and monitors. To meet the n + 1 sparing requirement, 2 x
100% freshwater Firewater Pumps will be used as well as 2 x 100% Firewater Jockey
Pumps. The Freshwater Supply System provides water to the Firewater System for all
systems except the LNG Storage Tank Deluge Firewater Supply System. The Deluge
Firewater Supply System supplies deluge water to the LNG Storage Tanks, and it is cross-
connected with the Freshwater Supply System such that it can provide backup capacity in
the event of an extended fire event. The number of fire pumps required to meet the n + 1
sparing requirement is determined in this calculation. The Deluge Firewater Pumps take
suction directly from the Skipanon Waterway.

Onshore monitors are assumed to be sized for 500 to 1,000 gpm at 100 psig outlet pressure.
On the loading platform, the two monitors are sized for 1,000 gpm at 100 psig inlet
pressure. Heat tracing and insulation will be needed to prevent pipe freezing.

4.1 Freshwater Supply System

4.1.1 Sprinkler, Water Spray, and Deluge System Demands

The freshwater design flow rate is based on the maximum design flows
under various fire scenarios for fixed fire protection systems, including
monitors, plus 1,000 gpm for hand-held hose streams. Automatic
sprinkler systems, process vessel water spray systems, local deluge
systems, and fire monitors are the only freshwater fixed fire protection
systems at the Terminal that require a continuous water demand during a
fire scenario.

Automatic sprinkler systems are installed in buildings with diesel engines

per code guidance (NFPA 850, Section 7.9.1.2.1), and in select buildings
around the site. The design flows for the Terminal automatic sprinkler
systems are shown in Table 2. Water spray systems and deluge systems
are also provided to protect vessels containing substantial volumes of
Oregon LNG Job No. 07902
Warrenton, OR Doc No. 07902-CA-600-401, Rev: E
Firewater Equipment Sizing Calculation Page 6 of 21

liquid propane or other refrigerant or other substantial fire hazard. The

design flows for the spray systems and deluge systems are shown in
Table 3.
Table 2 Sprinkler System Design Flows
Area of Required Flow Sprinkler Design
Total Bldg
Area Name Sprinkler Density Flow Rate1
Area (ft2)
Operation (ft2) (gpm/ft2) (gpm)
Administration Building 8,000 1,500 0.1 180
Maintenance/Warehouse
13,000 1,500 0.2 360
Building
BOG Compressor
4,000 2,500 0.3 900
Building
Low Pressure MR
5,000 2,500 0.3 900
Compressor Shed
Medium Pressure/High
Pressure Compressor 6,500 2,500 0.3 900
Shed
Propane Compressor
5,000 2,500 0.3 900
Shed
Fire Pump House2 3,000 3,000 0.25 900
Security Building 2,200 1,500 0.1 180
Deluge Pump House2 1,600 1,600 0.25 480
Emergency Diesel
1,100 1,100 0.25 340
Generator Building2
Main Control Room
3,500 1,500 0.1 180
Building
Utility Building 8,500 1,500 0.15 270
1
The design flow rate is equal to the sprinkler area multiplied by the flow density plus
20% margin for sprinkler design uncertainties. The margin is to account for wasted spray
(e.g. overlap, compartmentation limits, etc).
2
The required density for the emergency generator is 0.25 gpm/ft2 over the fire area from
NFPA 850, Section 7.9.1.2.1. The required density for the Fire Pump House is
0.25 gpm/ft2 per NFPA 850, Section 7.9.4.

Table 3 Water Spray System/Deluge System Design Flows

Vessel Required System Design
Area Name Surface Flow Density Flow Rate1
Area (ft2) (gpm/ft2) (gpm)
Propane Condenser and Propane
5,800 0.25 1,800
Accumulator and Propane Subcooler
Propane Feed Gas Cooler 11,000 0.25 3,400
Oregon LNG Job No. 07902
Warrenton, OR Doc No. 07902-CA-600-401, Rev: E
Firewater Equipment Sizing Calculation Page 7 of 21

Vessel Required System Design

Area Name Surface Flow Density Flow Rate1
Area (ft2) (gpm/ft2) (gpm)
Propane MR Cooler 11,000 0.25 3,400
HP MR Separator 2,100 0.25 600
MCHE (lower levels) 2,400 0.25 700
Ethane Storage Drum 2,500 0.25 800
Fired Heater Front Deluge 100 0.25 30
Truck Unloading Station 2,100 0.25 600
Cooling Tower (per cell) 2,900 0.5 1,800
1
The design flow rate is equal to the vessel surface area multiplied by the flow density
plus 20% margin for sprinkler design uncertainties. The margin is to account for wasted
spray (e.g. overlap, compartmentation limits, etc).

4.1.2 Pressure Requirements for Sprinkler, Deluge, and Water Spray Systems
and Monitors

For this evaluation, the pressure requirements for systems are assumed to
be the following:
 Firewater monitors require 100 psig at the monitor inlet valves based
on a review of monitor information from fire fighting equipment
vendors (Reference 5).
 Sprinkler, Deluge, and water spray systems require 25 psig at the
system supply valve which is assumed to be located at the elevation of
the spray nozzles.

4.1.3 Fire Scenarios for Firewater Sizing

From the Terminal Fire Safety Evaluation (Reference 11), potential single
event fire scenarios where fire water is the primary fire suppressant are
developed to size fire water demands on the freshwater fire protection
system. The fire scenarios are as follows:
 Loading Platform Fire Event: A Loading Platform Fire Event from
an LNG spill would require the use of the two 1,000 gpm monitors
located on the platform plus the 1,000 gpm fire hose allowance to cool
structures and equipment if the dry chemical system is not effective at
extinguishing the fire. The fire event ends after ESD has initiated and
the LNG has drained from the area.
 Tank Area LNG Spill Containment Basin Fire Event: This fire will
use the High Expansion Foam system for minimizing vapor generation
and heat release rates. An LNG spill may utilize two 500 gpm monitors
to assist in vapor dispersion, if needed. The 1,000 gpm hose allowance
is available to cool piping and structures where needed.
Oregon LNG Job No. 07902
Warrenton, OR Doc No. 07902-CA-600-401, Rev: E
Firewater Equipment Sizing Calculation Page 8 of 21

 BOG Compressor Building Fire Event: A BOG Compressor

Building fire would require the use of the buildings automatic sprinkler
system and the 1,000 gpm fire hose allowance.
 Re-Gasification Area LNG Spill Containment Basin Fire Event.
This fire will either use the High Expansion Foam System for
minimizing vapor generation or two 500 gpm monitors to provide
cooling to the HP Pump Structure and Vaporizer Structure, if needed,
plus the 1,000 gpm hose allowance.
 Heater Building Fire Event. This fire considers a fire at the burner
front for one of the heaters. The deluge system for the effected heater
and the 1,000 gpm hose allowance are used for this event.
 Propane and MR Compressor Area Fire Event. This fire considers
a fire in any one of the three compressors for MR and propane. The
compressor shed sprinkler system and 1,000 gpm hose allowance are
used for this event.
 Propane Cooling Area Fire Event. This fire considers a liquid
propane spill fire or a jet fire in the area that contains vessels handling
and storing liquid propane. Jet fires should impact only one vessel at a
time. Liquid spills are directed away from process vessels so only one
vessel is expected to be impacted by a spill fire. The largest vessel
requiring protection is either the Propane Feed Gas Cooler or the
Propane MR Cooler per Table 3. The 1,000 gpm hose allowance is
used for local cooling of equipment or structures as needed.
 LNG/MR Handling Area Fire Event. This fire considers an LNG or
liquid MR spill fire or a jet fire in the area that contains vessels
handling and storing LNG or liquid MR. Jet fires should impact only
one vessel at a time. Liquid spills are directed away from process
vessels so only one vessel is expected to be impacted by a spill fire.
The largest vessel requiring protection is the Ethane Storage Drum per
Table 3. The 1,000 gpm hose allowance is used for local cooling of
equipment or structures as needed.
 Truck Unloading Station Fire Event. This fire considers a truck fire
or a propane or ethane spill fire at the unloading station. The propane
or ethane is drained away from the area to prevent further exposure
hazards. The truck unloading station deluge system is used during this
fire event plus the 1,000 gpm hose allowance.
 Liquefaction Area LNG Spill Containment Basin Fire Event. This
fire will use the High Expansion Foam System for minimizing vapor
generation or heat release rates from the fire or two 500 gpm monitors
to provide vapor dispersion or structural cooling, if needed, plus the
1,000 gpm hose allowance.
Oregon LNG Job No. 07902
Warrenton, OR Doc No. 07902-CA-600-401, Rev: E
Firewater Equipment Sizing Calculation Page 9 of 21

 Cooling Tower Fire Event. The cooling tower fire event has little
impact on the process safety but constitutes a large demand on the fire
water system. The cooling tower deluge system is used during this fire
event and the 1,000 gpm hose allowance. For this fire event, it is
assumed that the deluge system is applied to a single cell since fire
resistant partitions are assumed between cells.
 Utility Area Fire Event. This fire event assumes the largest building
sprinkler demand and the 1,000 gpm hose allowance. This largest
sprinkler demand is for the Fire Pump House per Table 2.

The demand flows for the freshwater fire protection systems from the
above fire scenarios are shown in Table 4. The 1,000-gpm hose stream
allowance is included in the total required flow rate.

Table 4 Required Flow Rates and Pressure Requirements for Various Fire Scenarios
Fixed Fire Total System
Fixed Fire
Equipment Required Pressure
Fire Scenario Equipment
Flow Rate Flow Rate1 Requirement
Used
(gpm) (gpm) (psig)
Two 1,000 gpm
Loading Platform Fire Loading
2,000 3,000 100
Event2 Platform
Monitors
Tank Area LNG Spill
Two 500 gpm
Containment Basin Fire 1,000 2,000 100
monitor
Event
BOG Compressor Automatic
900 1,900 25
Building Fire Event Sprinkler System
Re-Gasification Area
LNG Spill two 500 gpm
1,000 2,000 100
Containment Basin Fire monitors
Event
Heater Building Fire Burner Area
30 1,030 25
Event Deluge System
Propane and MR Compressor
Compressor Area Fire Shed Automatic 900 1,900 25
Event Sprinkler
Propane Feed
Propane Cooling Area Gas (or MR)
3,400 4,400 25
Fire Event Cooler Spray
System
Oregon LNG Job No. 07902
Warrenton, OR Doc No. 07902-CA-600-401, Rev: E
Firewater Equipment Sizing Calculation Page 10 of 21

Fixed Fire Total System

Fixed Fire
Equipment Required Pressure
Fire Scenario Equipment
Flow Rate Flow Rate1 Requirement
Used
(gpm) (gpm) (psig)
Ethane Storage
LNG/MR Handling
Drum Spray 800 1,800 25
Area Fire Event
System
Truck Unloading Truck Station
600 1,600 25
Station Fire Event Deluge System
Liquefaction Area
LNG Spill Two 500 gpm
1,000 2,000 100
Containment Basin Fire monitors
Event
Cooling Tower Fire Cooling Tower
1,800 2,800 25
Event Deluge System
Utility Area Fire Event Automatic
900 1,900 25
(Fire Pump House Fire) Sprinkler System
1
Per NFPA 59A-2001, Section 9.4.2, in addition to the demands for fixed fire protection
systems, a 1,000 gpm supply has been added for hand-held hose streams.
2
There are two monitors on the loading platform and it is assumed that the worst case
fire scenario involves use of both fire monitors. The Oil Companies International Marine
Forum (OCIMF) "Guide on Marine Terminal Fire Protection and Emergency
Evacuation" recommends berthing areas to be supplied with 3,000 gpm of monitor and
hose stream capability. This is being met with two 1,000 gpm monitors (to provide better
reach) plus hose stream.

Based on Table 4, the maximum expected freshwater demand for a single

incident in the Terminal is 4,400 gpm to protect a Propane Feed Gas/MR
Cooler from fire exposure using a fixed nozzle water spray system. The
next significant demand is 3,000 gpm for a fire on the Loading Platform
using monitors. This value shall be confirmed during detailed design of
the Firewater System.

Firewater demand for the high expansion foam system is not considered
because it is not continuous: there is flow for the first minute and then at
periodic foam replenishment times.

4.2 Deluge Firewater Supply System

4.2.1 Flow Rate

The Deluge Firewater Supply System’s design flow rate is based on the
requirement to keep the radiant heat flux on all nearby LNG storage tanks
below 9,500 Btu/hr/ft2 (concrete outer tank) required by NFPA 59A-2006,
Oregon LNG Job No. 07902
Warrenton, OR Doc No. 07902-CA-600-401, Rev: E
Firewater Equipment Sizing Calculation Page 11 of 21

Section 5.2.4.2 (with errata) in the event that the roof of one tank fails
resulting in a pool fire. At the Oregon LNG Terminal, the two LNG
storage tanks will be separated by a distance of approximately 215 ft. The
proximity of the tanks to each other will result in a radiant heat flux in
excess of 9,500 Btu/hr/ft2 on portions of the exposed tank.

A tank Deluge Firewater Supply System has been designed to protect the
remaining storage tank should one tank catch on fire following the
collapse of its roof. The required spray density to protect a tank surface
from the radiant heat is 0.1 gpm of water per square foot assuming the
flames do not directly impinge on the other tanks. The spacing of the
tanks has been determined such that there will not be direct flame
impingement upon adjacent tanks.

The area on each tank that is deluged was determined from the fraction of
the tank that exceeds the 9,500 Btu/hr/ft2 radiant heat flux. The Gas
Research Institute’s LNGFIRE3 computer model was used to calculate the
radiant heat flux at different elevations on the surrounding tanks. The
inputs used in LNGFIRE3 were as follows: a 264 feet diameter pool fire at
151 feet source elevation with a 16 mph wind, a 37 °F ambient
temperature and 58% relative humidity.

The wind speed used is based on the 95 percentile highest wind speed
recorded at the Astoria Airport over a 5 year period. The temperature and
relative humidity used are both based on the 95 percentile lowest
temperature and relative humidity measured at the Astoria Airport over a 5
year period. The use of high wind-speed, low temperature and low
humidity is conservative and was found to result in the greatest diameter
radiant heat flux from a fixed source. The maximum radiant heat flux
calculated in LNGFIRE3 is used on the spherical tank roof since its
orientation to the flame is neither horizontal nor vertical. The radiant heat
flux on a vertical surface was used on the walls of the tank below the roof.

The Deluge Firewater Supply System has been designed to cover all
portions of a tank that could exceed the 9,500 Btu/hr/ft2 heat flux. No
valving is present on the Deluge Firewater Supply System that will allow
select portions of a tank to be deluged. This was done to minimize the risk
of the Deluge Firewater Supply System malfunctioning. The Deluge
Firewater Supply System must therefore be sized to cover the maximum
surface area on a tank that could exceed the 9,500 Btu/hr/ft2 radiant heat
flux.

The deluged area includes half the tank roof and extends approximately
1/2 of the way around the vertical tank wall at the roof elevation
(151 feet). The radiant heat flux decreases at elevations below the pool
Oregon LNG Job No. 07902
Warrenton, OR Doc No. 07902-CA-600-401, Rev: E
Firewater Equipment Sizing Calculation Page 12 of 21

fire. No deluge is required for the bottom half of the vertical walls since
these sections are not exposed to heat fluxes exceeding 9,500 Btu/hr/ft2.
The total designed deluged area was calculated to be 68,000 ft2 (See
Appendix A). See figure below:

Figure 1 Area covered by Deluge Firewater Supply System for LNG Storage Tanks

The tank Deluge Firewater Supply System requires a water demand of:

Qwater = Q″deluge × Aexposed

Where:
Qwater is the maximum water demand for the Deluge Firewater Supply
System.
Q″deluge is the required flow rate per unit area of exposed tank surface,
0.1 gpm/ft2.
Aexposed is the exposed surface area of the tanks that should be deluged
in the worse case scenario, per Appendix A this is 68,000 ft2.

Qwater = (0.1 gpm/ft2) × (68,000 ft2)

Qwater = 6,800 gpm

This demand is greater than the freshwater system can supply and so will
be supplied by a dedicated system.

4.2.2 System Pressure

The Deluge Firewater Pumps’ discharge pressure must be selected such

that a total of 6,800 gpm can be discharged to meet the LNG Storage Tank
deluge requirements or to backup the Freshwater Supply System. The
water used to backup the Freshwater Supply System will have the pressure
requirements required for fixed sprinkler or water spray systems and
hydrants as stated in Section 4.1.2. The Deluge Firewater Pumps’
discharge pressure shall also be sufficient to meet the LNG Storage Tank
Deluge Firewater Supply System demand, taking into account flow-
induced pressure drops through extended pipe lengths and elevation
differences. It is assumed that the LNG Storage Tank Deluge Firewater
Oregon LNG Job No. 07902
Warrenton, OR Doc No. 07902-CA-600-401, Rev: E
Firewater Equipment Sizing Calculation Page 13 of 21

Supply System will require the established flow to be provided at a

minimum of about 10 psig, which will be the pressure of the water
entering the highest nozzles in the Deluge Firewater Supply System. All
other nozzles in the LNG Storage Tank Deluge Firewater Supply System
will receive water at a pressure higher than 10 psig. The top nozzle is
about 195 feet above the Skipanon River at MLLW (water source for the
deluge firewater system.

5 EQUIPMENT SIZING
The equipment in the Firewater System is sized so that it can meet the calculated demands.
The Electric/Diesel Firewater Pumps and the Firewater Jockey Pumps are sized with 100%
redundancy. The Deluge Firewater Pumps are sized with the n+1 sparing philosophy such
that the design demand can be met with one pump failure. There is no redundancy for the
passive Firewater Tank (T-601).

5.1 Firewater Tank

The Firewater Tank (T-601) receives water from an existing municipal water supply
under the action of an on/off level controller in the tank which is required to keep the
tank full and available for use. The Firewater Tank supplies flow for the Freshwater
Fire System. The Deluge Firewater Pumps do not take suction from this tank, but
rather from the Skipanon River. The tank will also store water to be used for the
Service Water System. The Service Water System suction will be taken at an
elevated location on the Firewater Tank such that the volume of water stored below
the service water suction point is adequate to meet the calculated firewater storage
requirement. The required working firewater storage volume is calculated below.

Vstorage = Qfreshwater × Tstorage

Where:
Vstorage is the working volume of the Firewater Tank reserved for the Firewater
System.
Qfreshwater is the flow rate for the maximum freshwater demand calculated in
Section 4.1.1.
Tstorage is the length of time that this flow rate needs to be sustained.

As described above, the firewater demand design basis for the Freshwater Supply
System is 4,400 gpm. The length of time for the sustained flow rate shall be 2 hours,
as required by NFPA 59A-2001, Section 9.4.2.

Accordingly, the Firewater Tank at the Oregon LNG Terminal will be sized to be no
less than:
Oregon LNG Job No. 07902
Warrenton, OR Doc No. 07902-CA-600-401, Rev: E
Firewater Equipment Sizing Calculation Page 14 of 21

Vstorage = 4,400 gpm x 120 minutes

= 530,000 gallons

5.2 Electric/Diesel Firewater Pumps

One Electric Firewater Pump and one Diesel Firewater Pump (P-602 and P-603) will
be provided for the Freshwater Supply System. These pumps will be located
onshore at the site grade elevation and will draw water from the Firewater Tank.
Each pump is designed to supply the entire freshwater demand (100% redundancy)
at the required outlet pressure.

To achieve the pressure requirement at the system or monitor inlet, the required
pump discharge pressure is calculated as follows:

Ppump discharge = Psystem + (1 + C) × Ppipe losses + Pelevation head

Where:
Psystem is the required pressure at the sprinkler/deluge/water spray system supply
valve or the monitor inlet valve.
C is a scaling factor to provide an allowance for corrosion and minor head
losses due to pipe fittings. C is assumed to be 50% and shall be confirmed
during detailed design of the Firewater System.
Ppipe losses is the pressure loss through the firewater main distribution piping
system. Pressure loss is calculated based on the pipe diameter, the required
flow, and the length of pipe.
Pelevation head is the difference in elevation between the system valve and the
Electric/Diesel Firewater Pumps, which are at site grade elevation.

The two bounding fire scenarios for determining firewater pump sizing are:
 Loading Platform Fire Event requiring 2,000 gpm at 100 psig at the Loading
Platform monitors located approximately 6,000 ft from the Fire Pump House, plus
1,000 gpm hose stream allowance. The monitors are assumed to be at an
elevation of 40 ft above grade.
 Propane Cooling Area Fire Event requiring 3,400 gpm at 25 psig at the Propane
Feed Gas (or MR) Cooler Spray System located about 1,500 ft from the Fire
Pump House, plus 1,000 gpm hose stream allowance. The Spray System Control
Valve is assumed to be at an elevation 25 ft above grade.

To estimate pipe losses, the Firewater piping is assumed to be 16-inch, standard

schedule pipe (Schedule 30). For the 16-inch piping, the velocity at 4,400 gpm is 8
ft/sec (Reference 3). These velocities are within the limit of 10 ft/sec specified in the
Oregon LNG Job No. 07902
Warrenton, OR Doc No. 07902-CA-600-401, Rev: E
Firewater Equipment Sizing Calculation Page 15 of 21

project engineering design standard (07902-TS-000-001) for fluid systems

(Reference 6).

To estimate piping losses, NFPA 24, 2010 Edition, Section 11.1 is used. This
section calculates losses using the Hazen-Williams equation. Note that this method
produces conservative results based on empirical data for water piping systems.
Based on this formula, the piping losses are:

Where:
p = Frictional Resistance (psi/ft of pipe)
Q = Flow (gpm)
C = Frictional Loss Coefficient= 100 for carbon steel pipe (Reference 12)
d = Actual Internal Diameter of the Pipe (in) = 15.25 in

The required pump discharge pressure for the two scenarios are determined in
below.
Table 5 Required Flow Rates and Pressure Requirements for Various Fire Scenarios
System System Pump
Required Elevation
Pressure Pressure Discharge
Fire Scenario Flow Rate Head
Requirement Losses1 Pressure
(gpm) (psig)
(psig) (psi) (psig)
Loading Platform
3,000 100 38 17 160
Fire Event
Propane Cooling
4,400 25 19 11 55
Area Fire Event

NOTE 1: System pressure losses include the (1+C) factor to account for aging and form losses.

The pump total developed head (TDH) is estimated by assuming suction pressure is
0 psig (i.e. tank close to depletion). Thus, TDH is calculated as shown below:
 Loading Platform Fire Event:

(160 – 0) psig x 144 (in2/ft2)/ 62.4 (lb/ft3) = 370 ft at 3,000 gpm

 Propane Cooling Area Fire Event:

(55 – 0) psig x 144 (in2/ft2)/ 62.4 (lb/ft3) = 130 ft at 4,400 gpm

The pump must satisfy both of these cases. Per NFPA 20, centrifugal fire pumps
shall furnish not less than 150% of rated capacity at not less than 65% of total rated
head and the shutoff head shall not exceed 140% of rated head. This curve is fitted
Oregon LNG Job No. 07902
Warrenton, OR Doc No. 07902-CA-600-401, Rev: E
Firewater Equipment Sizing Calculation Page 16 of 21

to the pump demands to determine a pump rating. For this curve fit, 150% flow
shall be at least 4,400 gpm as this is the highest flow demand. Based on this, a fire
pump rated for 3,000 gpm at 370 ft would satisfy both scenarios. As a check, the
pump TDH at 4,400 gpm (about 150% of the rated flow) would be 0.65*370 ft = 240
ft, which is greater than the demand TDH of 130 ft.

Thus, the fire pumps shall be rated for 3,000 gpm at 370 ft.

5.3 Firewater Jockey Pumps

A total of two Firewater Jockey Pumps (P-604A/B) will be provided for the
Freshwater Supply System. Firewater Jockey Pumps are used where it is desirable
to maintain a uniform pressure on the fire protection system. Per Reference 7,
Section A.5.24 Firewater Jockey Pumps should be sized to make up the allowable
leakage rate within 10 minutes or 1 gpm, whichever is larger. The Firewater Jockey
Pumps will be sized to maintain system pressure during bleeds of up to 250 gpm.
This allows the intermittent use of up to 250 gpm of water from the Freshwater
Supply System without requiring the larger Electric/Diesel Firewater Pumps to start.
For design purposes, the system leak rate is expected to be 10 gpm or less. The
specified capacity of the Firewater Jockey Pumps is substantially greater than the
anticipated design leakage rate, which ensures that the Firewater Jockey Pump will
be able to make up any leakage losses throughout the Freshwater Supply System
during normal operation.

The desired fire protection system pressure is 100 psig. Hence, the Firewater Jockey
Pumps design pressure is 100 psig.

Assuming a suction pressure of 0 psig, the TDH for the Firewater Jockey Pump is
calculated as shown below:

(100 – 0) psig x 144 (in2/ft2)/ 62.4 (lb/ft3) = 231 ft

This is rounded to 235 ft.

5.4 Deluge Firewater Pumps

The function of the Deluge Firewater Pumps, which take their suction from the
Skipanon River, is to supply the LNG Storage Tank Deluge Firewater Supply
System or to backup the Freshwater Supply System.

The OCIMF (Reference 2, Section 3.7.1) has a guideline that states a 4-hour supply
of firewater should be maintained. Although the Firewater Tank has only a 2-hour
supply, the Deluge Firewater Pumps can supply the maximum firewater usage
during a fire event directly to the distribution system, which meets the OCIMF
guidance.
Oregon LNG Job No. 07902
Warrenton, OR Doc No. 07902-CA-600-401, Rev: E
Firewater Equipment Sizing Calculation Page 17 of 21

The Deluge Firewater Pumps are designed to meet the 6,800 gpm demand at a
discharge pressure sufficient to ensure a minimum of 10 psig pressure at the top of
the LNG Storage Tank Deluge Firewater Supply System. All of the pumps will be
driven by diesel internal combustion engines to ensure the Deluge Firewater Pumps
will be capable of providing the design basis flow and pressure in the event of an
electrical power loss.

NFPA 20 section 7.1.2.1 allows the pump to be sized for a flow not less than 150%
of rated capacity at a total head not less than 65% of the rated head. The largest
commonly available diesel driven fire pump is 5,000 gpm. Using pumps operating at
150% rated capacity, and using pumps sized no greater than 5,000 gpm, the number
of pumps required to meet the demand under the N + 1 requirement is calculated as
follows:

(6,800 gpm) / (1.5 x 5,000 gpm per pump) + 1 spare pump = 1.9 rounded to 2 pumps

Thus, 2 x 100% Deluge Firewater Pumps are required to meet the 6,800 gpm
demand.

The capacity of the pumps is:

(6,800 gpm/ pump)/ 1.5 = 4,500 gpm/pump.

To achieve the 10-psig requirement at the top of the LNG Storage Tank Deluge
System, the required pump discharge pressure is calculated as follows:

Ppump discharge = Pdeluge + (1 + C) × Ppipe losses + Pelevation head

Where:
Pdeluge is the required pressure at the top of the LNG Storage Tank Deluge
Firewater Supply System and is assumed to be 10 psig. This pressure
requirement shall be confirmed during detailed design.
C is a scaling factor to provide an allowance for corrosion and minor head losses
due to pipe fittings. C is assumed to be 50% and shall be confirmed during
detailed design.
Ppipe losses is the pressure loss through the piping system from the deluge firewater
pumps to the deluge system. Pressure loss is calculated based on the pipe
diameter, the required flow, and the length of pipe.
Pelevation head is the difference in elevation between the top nozzle for the storage
tank Deluge system and the Deluge Firewater Pumps. It is assumed that the
highest deluge nozzle on the tank is at Elevation 195 feet, and the discharge
of the Deluge Firewater Pumps, located atop the berm, are at Elevation 22 ft.
Oregon LNG Job No. 07902
Warrenton, OR Doc No. 07902-CA-600-401, Rev: E
Firewater Equipment Sizing Calculation Page 18 of 21

To estimate pipe losses, the Firewater piping is assumed to be 20-inch, standard

schedule pipe (Schedule 20). For the 20-inch piping, the velocity at 6,800 gpm is 8
ft/sec (Reference 3). These velocities are within the limit of 10 ft/sec specified in the
project engineering design standard (07902-TS-000-001) for fluid systems
(Reference 6). For the tank roof collapse/fire scenario, the piping length from the
pumps to the farthest tank is approximately 3,000 ft. No hose stream allowance is
assumed for this case since hose streams are fed from the primary firewater
distribution system.

Using the Hazen Williams equation, the pipe losses are:

Ppipe losses = 4.52*[(6,800 gpm)/100]1.85/(19.25 in)4.87*(3,000 ft)

= 19 psi

Substituting in the above values results in a required pump discharge pressure of:

Ppump discharge = 10 psig + (1.5) × 19 psi + (195 ft - 22 ft)*(64 lb/ft3/144 in2/ft2)

= 115 psig

Thus the TDH required at the demand flow is calculated assuming the Skipanon
River is at MLLW (-0.44 ft):

TDHdemand = (115 psig) x 144 (in2/ft2)/ 64 (lb/ft3) + (22 ft - (-0.44 ft))

= 280 ft

NFPA 20 section 7.1.2.1 requires the 150% of rated capacity to be delivered at 65%
of the rated head. Hence, the rated TDH required for the pumps is:

TDHrated = 280 ft/0.65 = 435 ft.

Thus, the deluge firewater pumps shall be rated for 4,500 gpm at 435 ft.

The Deluge Firewater Pumps are also available to backup the Electric/Diesel
Firewater Pumps and supply the water demands for those pumps in the event the
Firewater Tank is depleted or the Electric/Diesel Firewater Pumps are not available.
This is accomplished through a normally closed interconnect from the Deluge
Firewater Pump discharge header to the Freshwater Supply System. The rated TDH
of the deluge firewater pumps is sufficient to produce 160 psig discharge pressure at
3,000 gpm to meet the Freshwater Supply System requirements to the loading
platform monitors:

TDH3000 gpm = 435 ft +

(1.4*435 ft - 435 ft)*[(4,500 gpm - 3,000 gpm)/4,500 gpm]
Oregon LNG Job No. 07902
Warrenton, OR Doc No. 07902-CA-600-401, Rev: E
Firewater Equipment Sizing Calculation Page 19 of 21

= 493 ft

Ppump discharge = {493 ft - [22 ft - (-0.44 ft)]} *(64 lb/ft3/144 in2/ft2)

= 209 psig > 160 psig required.

6 PRIMARY ASSUMPTIONS (TO BE CONFIRMED DURING DETAILED

ENGINEERING DESIGN PHASE)
The following assumptions have been made in the calculation and have substantial impact
on the design of the overall Firewater System. Therefore, these assumptions shall be
verified during detailed engineering design.

1) The maximum credible single-incident event is the Loading Platform Fire Event where
two 1,000 gpm monitors plus a 1,000 gpm hose stream allowance is required.

2) Cooling towers will have fire resistant partitions between cells to limit deluge system
design to a single cell.

3) The water consumption of a typical fire monitor on the loading platform is 1,000 gpm at
100 psig inlet pressure.

4) The fire monitor requires no more than 100-psig pressure at the inlet valve to operate
properly.

5) The maximum water consumption of the LNG Storage Tank Deluge Firewater Supply
System is 6,800 gpm.

6) The LNG Storage Tank Deluge Firewater Supply System will require the established
flow to be provided at a minimum of about 10 psig, which will be the pressure of the
water entering the highest nozzles in the Deluge Firewater Supply System.

7) Water Spray Systems will require the demand flow to be provided at a minimum of
about 25 psig at the system valve.

7 REFERENCES
1) National Fire Protection Association. “Standard for the Production, Storage, and
Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG).” Quincy, MA. Standard No. NFPA 59A,
2001 and 2006 Editions.

2) Oil Companies International Marine Forum. “Guide on Marine Terminal Fire Protection
and Emergency Evacuation. 1st Edition.” 1987.
Oregon LNG Job No. 07902
Warrenton, OR Doc No. 07902-CA-600-401, Rev: E
Firewater Equipment Sizing Calculation Page 20 of 21

3) Crane, Technical Paper No. 410. “Flow of Fluids through Valves, Fittings, and Pipe.”

4) CH·IV International Drawing Number 07902-DG-000-001, “Terminal General

Arrangement Plot Plan.”

5) Severe-Duty Monitor TM. Wooster, Ohio: Akron Brass Company. Fixed Monitor
Product Datasheet. 2005.

6) CH·IV International Document Number 07902-TS-000-001. “Oregon LNG Terminal

Engineering Design Standard.”

7) National Fire Protection Association. “Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps
for Fire Protection.” Quincy, MA. Standard No. NFPA 20, 2007 Edition.

8) National Fire Protection Association. “Installation of Sprinkler Systems.” Quincy, MA.

Standard No. NFPA 13, 2007 Edition.

9) National Fire Protection Association. “Fire Protection for Electric Generating Plants and
High Voltage Direct Current Converter Stations” Quincy, MA. Standard No. NFPA
850, 2005 Edition.

10) IHI Drawing 07902-DG-200-201/D4100-2101, "General Arrangement of 160,000 M3

Full Containment of LNG Storage Tank."

11) CH·IV International Document Number 07902-TS-600-400. “NFPA 59A Preliminary

Fire Protection Evaluation For The Oregon LNG Terminal.”

12) Society of Fire Protection Engineers, "SFPE Handbook for Fire Protection Engineering"
3rd Edition (2002), Section 4-76.

8 APPENDIX A: CALCULATION OF EXPOSED TANK SURFACE AREA

NEEDED FOR DELUGE FIREWATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
In order to determine the amount of water that needs to be provided by the Deluge Firewater
Pumps, the LNG Storage Tank surface area to which the water is applied needs to be calculated.
The deluge area includes half of the tank roof plus an additional 20 ft and about 1/2 of the way
around the vertical cylindrical portion of the tank at the roof elevation. Only a fraction of the
vertical side walls must be deluged since the heat flux drops below 9,500 Btu/hr/ft2 at about 75 ft
down from the top of the containment wall (Elevation 151 ft) as determined from heat flux
calculations performed using LNGFIRE3.

The tank areas to be deluged are:

Atank deluged = Aroof deluged + Avertical wall deluged

Oregon LNG Job No. 07902
Warrenton, OR Doc No. 07902-CA-600-401, Rev: E
Firewater Equipment Sizing Calculation Page 21 of 21

Half of the area of the top roof plus an additional 20 ft strip is deluged:

Aroof deluged = 1/2*Atop roof + (20 ft)*(length across top)

= 1/2*[2π*rdome*hdome] + (20 ft)*( rdome)*[2sin-1(dtank/2/ rdome)]

= 2π*(264 ft)*(36 ft)/2 + (20 ft)*(264 ft)*[ 2sin-1(272 ft/2/264 ft)]

= 36,000 ft2

Where:

 rdome is the assumed radius of the dome = 264 ft (Reference 10).

 hdome is the assumed dome height = 36 ft (Reference 10).

 dtank is the assumed diameter of the containment wall = 272 ft (Reference 10).

The area of the vertical cylindrical wall to be deluged is:

Avertical wall deluged = 1/2 * 2π * (dtank/2)* hexposed tank

= 1/2 * 2π *(272 ft/2)*(75 ft)

= 32,000 ft2

Where:

 hexposed tank is the assumed tank height exposed to the 9,500 Btu/hr/ft2 limit = 75 ft.
This height was determined using LNGFIRE3.

The total area to be deluged is

Atank deluged = Aroof deluged + Avertical wall deluged

Atank deluged = 36,000 ft2 + 32,000 ft2

Atank deluged = 68,000 ft2