Active Fire Protection Philosophy PDF

COMPANY DOC. No. L790-AF-PHI-0001 REV.
JKC DOC. No. S-0790-1241-0001 E

COMPANY CONTRACT No. HOLD Review Class. 2
JGC JOB No. HOLD KBR JOB No. HOLD CHIYODA JOB No. HOLD
SHEET 1 OF 37
ICHTHYS ONSHORE LNG FACILITIES
ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION PHILOSOPHY
REV. DATE ISSUE PURPOSE PREPARED CHECKED APPROVED

A 09-May-09 IFA T.Matsuo Y.Nomoto Y.Nomoto
B 05-Jun-09 IFD T.Matsuo Y.Nomoto Y.Nomoto
C 25-Sep-10 IFD T.Matsuo Y.Nomoto Y.Nomoto
D 21-Dec-10 IFD (as per Building Relocation) T.Matsuo Y.Nomoto Y.Nomoto
E 16-Sep-11 IFR (EPC) T.Miyashita Y.Hiroya Y.Hiroya
FORM EPC-0 2
INPEX Operations Australia Pty Ltd COMPANY Doc. No. L790-AF-PHI-0001
ICHTHYS ONSHORE LNG FACILITIES JKC Doc. No. S-0790-1241-0001 Rev.E
ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION PHILOSOPHY Sheet No. 2 of 37
Hold List
(1) Deleted
(2) Deleted
(3) Deleted
(4) Deleted
(5) Deleted
(6) Deleted
(7) Deleted
(8) Driver of Fire Water Pumps and Sea Water Pumps
Contents
1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................5
1.1 Scope ..............................................................................................................5
1.2 Definitions........................................................................................................6
1.3 Applicable Specification and Standards ...........................................................6
1.3.1 Contractors Documents ...................................................................................6
1.3.2 Company Documents ......................................................................................6
1.3.3 Australian & International Codes and Standards..............................................7
1.4 Abbreviations...................................................................................................7
2. GENERAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES ..................................................................8

2.1 Objectives........................................................................................................8
2.2 One Fire Risk Philosophy.................................................................................9
2.3 Active Fire Protection Zone (AFP Zone)...........................................................9
2.4 Minimal Manpower...........................................................................................9
2.5 Actuation of Fire Fighting System ....................................................................9
2.6 Local Assistance for Fire Fighting ..................................................................10
2.7 Methodology for Active Fire Protection Design...............................................10
2.8 Hazards around the plant...............................................................................12
2.8.1 Process Area .................................................................................................12
2.8.2 Gas inlet facilities Area ..................................................................................14
2.8.3 LNG Jetty Area ..............................................................................................15
2.8.4 LPG/Condensate Jetty Area ..........................................................................15
2.8.5 LNG Storage Tank Area ................................................................................16
2.8.6 LPG Storage Tank Area.................................................................................16
2.8.7 Condensate Storage Tank Area.....................................................................16
2.8.8 Common Utility / Utility Annex........................................................................17
2.8.9 Open Ground Flare Knock Out Drum Area ....................................................17
2.8.10 Operation Complex........................................................................................17
3. FIRE WATER SUPPLY, PUMPING SYSTEM, AND DISTRIBUTION............17

3.1 General..........................................................................................................17
3.2 Fire Water Source..........................................................................................17
3.3 Fire Water Pump System (HOLD 8)...............................................................18
3.3.1 General..........................................................................................................18
3.3.2 Drivers and Controllers ..................................................................................19
3.3.3 Maintenance of Fire Water Pressure..............................................................19
3.3.4 Pump Operation Sequence............................................................................20
3.4 Fire Water Demand........................................................................................20
3.4.1 Process Train Area ........................................................................................21
3.4.2 Gas inlet facilities area...................................................................................21
3.4.3 Product Loading Area ....................................................................................21
3.4.4 LNG Storage Tank Area ................................................................................21
3.4.5 LPG Storage Tank Area.................................................................................21
3.4.6 Condensate Storage Tank Area.....................................................................22
3.4.7 Boil Off Gas Area...........................................................................................22
3.4.8 LNG Boil Off Gas Area...................................................................................22
3.4.9 Common Utility / Utility Annex........................................................................22
3.4.10 Drainage and Effluent Treatment Area...........................................................22
3.4.11 Open Ground Flare Knock Out Drum Area ....................................................23
3.4.12 Operation Complex........................................................................................23
3.5 Fire Water Main System.................................................................................23
3.5.1 Overall Fire Main System...............................................................................23
3.5.2 Fire Main Hydraulic Calculation......................................................................24
4. OUTDOOR FIRE PROTECTION ...................................................................25

4.1 Fire Water Hydrant.........................................................................................25
4.2 Hose Boxes/Cabinets ....................................................................................26
4.3 Live Hose Reels.............................................................................................26
4.4 Monitors.........................................................................................................26
4.4.1 General..........................................................................................................26
4.4.2 Monitor Types ................................................................................................28
4.5 Fixed Water Spray System/Fixed Water Monitor Nozzle System ...................29
4.5.1 Provision and Application...............................................................................29
4.5.2 Water Application Rates ................................................................................30
4.5.3 Design of the System.....................................................................................31
4.6 Fixed Water Curtain System ..........................................................................32
4.6.2 Water Application Rate ..................................................................................32
4.7 Low Expansion Foam System........................................................................32
4.7.2 Design Basis..................................................................................................32
4.7.3 Foam Proportioning .......................................................................................33
4.8 Fixed High Expansion Foam System .............................................................33
4.8.2 Design Basis..................................................................................................33
4.8.3 Foam Proportioning System...........................................................................33
4.8.4 Control of the System ....................................................................................34
4.9 Fixed Dry Chemical Extinguishing System.....................................................34
4.9.1 Application .....................................................................................................34
4.10 Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing System ...........................................................34
4.10.1 Application .....................................................................................................34
4.11 Portable Fire Extinguishers ............................................................................35
4.11.1 Arrangement Basis ........................................................................................35
4.11.2 Installation .....................................................................................................35
5. INDOOR FIRE PROTECTION .......................................................................36
6. MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT ..................................................................36

6.1 Personnel Protection......................................................................................36
6.2 Mobile Firefighting Equipment........................................................................37
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Scope
This philosophy specifies the general principles and requirements for designing a suitable
active fire protection equipment/system for the plant and jetty areas. It also intends to provide
key information for the designer/engineer in developing relevant design details during the
EPC stage.
This document provides the basic philosophy of active fire protection for all onshore facilities
i.e. Process area, Utility area, Offsite tank, Jetty area, operation complex, etc. of Ichthys
Onshore LNG Facilities Project to be constructed at Blaydin Point, to the southeast of Darwin,
in the Northern Territory (NT).
Operational INPEX internal scenarios will be developed which will indicate required guidelines
for firefighting different scenarios. Operations will be guided by expert external fire training
organization on fire fighting methodology.
This document is one of the HSE design related documents in Ichthys Onshore LNG Facilities
Project. HSE design related documents are listed in Table.1.
Table 1. HSE Design Related Documents

Category Document Information
Company Doc. No. Title
Overall HSE Design L290-AH-PHI-0001 HSE Philosophy
Plant Facilities Layout L290-AH-PHI-0004 Plant Layout Philosophy

L290-AH-MTX-0001 Module and Train Separation Matrix
L290-AX-BOD-0001 Basis of Design for Piping Engineering

L290-AS-BOD-0001 Structural Design Criteria for Module
Hazardous Area Classification L780-AE-PHI-0001 Electrical Design Philosophy
Fire Hazard Management L790-AF-PHI-0001 Active Fire Protection Philosophy
L830-AF-PHI-0001 Fire and Gas Detection Philosophy
L790-AL-PHI-0001 Fireproofing Philosophy

L290-AH-PHI-0005 Plant Zoning Philosophy
Explosion Hazard Management L290-AH-PHI-0001 HSE Philosophy
Isolation DEV-OPS-PH-0005 Ichthys Onshore Mechanical Isolation

Philosophy
Overpressure & Relief Protection L290-AP-PHI-0003 Overpressure Protection, Flare and Vent
Philosophy
Emergency Shutdown and L290-AP-PHI-0002 Emergency Shutdown and Depressuring
Depressuring System System Philosophy
L290-AP-PHI-0005 Plant Zoning Philosophy
Emergency Power L290-AE-PHI-0005 Electrical Design Philosophy
HVAC L300-AA-GLN-0002 General Design Brief for Building HVAC
Control of Spills L290-AH-PHI-0002 LNG/LPG Spill Control Philosophy
Drainage L750-AP-PHI-0001 Drainage and Treatment Philosophy

Paving L320-AC-BOD-0001 Design Criteria for Civil
Escape, Evacuation and Rescue L290-AH-PHI-0004 Design Philosophy for Means of Escape
Human Factor L290-AH-PHI-0003 Human Factor Engineering Philosophy
Noise L290-AH-SPC-0002 Specification for Noise Control
1.2 Definitions
z Agreement : Contract with Articles and Annexes
z COMPANY (Upper Case) : INPEX Operations Australia Pty Ltd
z CONTRACTOR (Upper Case) : The Joint Venture between JGC, KBR and CHIYODA
z Deliverables : All documents by CONTRACTOR necessary for the
Works
z Design Dossier : FEED Package
z Site : Location where the Plant is to be constructed and the
vicinity thereof.
z SUBCONTRACTOR : Any company to whom CONTRACTOR has
subcontracted any part of the works.
z VENDOR : Supplier of CONTRACTOR’s items
z Works : All and any parts of the works and services by
Contractor
z Worksite : Any location where work for the site is carried out
1.3 Applicable Specification and Standards

The project shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of codes and standards
defined in this section.
The following shall be used, in order of decreasing precedence:
1. Applicable Commonwealth and Northern Territory regulatory/statutory requirements;
2. International laws and regulations where they do not conflict with item 1;
3. Client corporate standards and project standards where they do not conflict with items 1
or 2; and,
4. Recognized local and international codes, standards and guidelines where they do not
conflict with 1, 2 or 3.
The following reference shall be applied to the extent specified in this philosophy.
1.3.1 Contractors Documents

L290-AH-PHI-0001 HSE Philosophy
L290-AH-PHI-0005 Plant Zoning Philosophy
L290-AF-PHI-0002 LNG/LPG spill control Philosophy
L830-AF-PHI-0001 Fire and Gas Detection Philosophy
L790-AL-PHI-0001 Fireproofing Philosophy
1.3.2 Company Documents

C060AP0001 Operations and Maintenance Philosophy for design
L290-AG-BOD-0001 Basis of Design
1.3.3 Australian & International Codes and Standards

(1) Australian Standard
AS 2419.1 Fire Hydrant Installations
AS 2941 Fixed Fire Protection Installations – Pump Set Systems
AS 2118.3 Automatic sprinkler systems Part3 :Deluge
AS 2441 Installation of fire hose reels
AS 1841.1 Portable fire extinguishers – General requirements
AS 1841.5 Portable fire extinguishers – Specific requirements for powder type
extinguishers
AS 1841.6 Portable fire extinguishers – Specific requirements for carbon dioxide type
extinguishers
AS 2444 Portable fire extinguishers and Fire blanket selection and location
BCA Building code of Australia
(2) National Fire Protection Association Codes

NFPA 10 Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers
NFPA 11 Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion Foam
NFPA 12 Standard for Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems
NFPA 15 Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection
NFPA 17 Standard for Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems
NFPA 20 Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection
NFPA 24 Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their
Appurtenances
NFPA 59A Standard for the Production, Storage and Handling of Liquefied Natural
Gas (LNG)
NFPA 2001 Standard on Clean Agents Fire Extinguishing Systems
(3) American Petroleum Institute (API)

API STD 2510 Design and Construction of LPG Installations, 8th ed. – 2001
API PUBL 2510A Fire-Protection Considerations in the Design and Operation of
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Storage Facilities, 2nd ed. – 1996
(4) EN standard
BS EN 1473 Installation and Equipment for Liquefied Natural Gas – Design of Onshore
Installations, Jan 2007.
1.4 Abbreviations
z AIP : Australian Industry Participation
z AQIS : Australian Quarantine Inspections Services
z ATSI : Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
z EIS : Environmental Impact Statement

z EPC : Engineering, Procurement and Construction
z EPBS : Australian Government’s Enhanced Project By-law Scheme
z HR/IR : Human Resources and Industrial Relations
z ITP : Inspection and Test Plan
z IVB : Independent Validation Body
z NTG : Northern Territory Government
z NTICN : NT Industry Capability Network
z POC : Perth Operating Centre
z PEC : Production Engineering Centers
z TCO : Tariff Concession Order issued by the Australian Government
z TOC : Tsurumi Operating Centre
z YOC : Yokohama Operating Centre
2. GENERAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES
2.1 Objectives
The overall fire protection system shall meet the following specific objectives:
- Control an incident if it does occur and limit its escalation
- Limit damage to facilities and equipment, prevent loss of life
These objectives shall be achieved through facility design optimization, practical/realistic
management of possible hazards (with the knowledge of their causes and consequences)
and the application of quantitative risk analysis (QRA) to quantify risks and demonstrate that
the overall risk to personnel from the facility is within accepted risk criteria.
In addition, for fire protection design, active fire protection/passive fire protection combined
approach should be considered comprehensively. Generally, active fire protection will be
applied for equipment, and passive fire protection will be applied for structure and support. In
case that risk assessment determines or one approach is not appropriate, the protection by
another approach should be applied.
There are several type of fire fighting system to be provided in onshore facilities and they
have the suitable roles for each stage of fire incident.
- Portable fire extinguisher shall be generally used for the beginning of the fire or small fire.
It can be also used for the extinguishment of the fire after the control of leak fluid, such
as emergency shutdown system etc.
- Fixed firefighting equipment, e.g. spray system or fixed monitor, shall be generally used
for cooling of the equipment engulfed by fire or exposed to the heat. They will be also
used for control of fire for pump/compressor fire.
- Mobile equipment, such as fire truck, shall be generally used for large fire event. They
will stand along access way with the fire hydrant and support the function of fixed
firefighting equipment. It can be used for cooling of the equipment and extinguishment of
the fire by their function, e.g. water, powder system, and foam system, if required.
2.2 One Fire Risk Philosophy

The fire fighting system for Ichthys onshore LNG facilities shall be designed assuming that
there will only be one(1) major fire at a time, and no simultaneous fires shall be considered.
Escalation of fire to other Active Fire Protection zones will not be taken into account since the
fire is assumed to be contained in that Active Fire Protection zone only.
Possible potential fire(s) within an Active Fire Protection zone shall be evaluated
comprehensively to establish realistic and credible scenarios as design basis for the fire
protection systems.
Accordingly, the fire water system, fire main, firewater pumps, and firewater tanks, shall be
designed as per the firewater demand that is based on one fire case in one Active Fire
Protection zone.
2.3 Active Fire Protection Zone (AFP Zone)

An Active Fire Protection Zone is defined as the area separated from adjacent areas by
barrier or distance, including bunding and drainage to prevent pool spread, where a fire is
assumed to occur and can be reasonably expected to have its effects confined in that area
alone. Consequently fire scenario for fire system design is limited in one AFP Zone at a time.
For the illustration of the Active Fire Protection Zones, refer to L790-AF-PHI-0002, “Plant
Zoning Philosophy”
2.4 Minimal Manpower

The fire fighting system design shall include considerations such as automatic actuation, and
remote actuation from Central Control Building (CCB), to minimize fire-fighting manpower and
reduce risk to personnel.
The fire protection philosophy is such that emergency personnel can carry out their duties
without undue risk to them from the incident, in particular the effects of explosion, flash fire,
and catastrophic escalation and vessel rupture.
Where reliance is placed on manual emergency response, this shall be agreed with Client and
only implemented where there is a realistic expectation of response in terms of number of
personnel, response time, equipment deployment and effectiveness.
2.5 Actuation of Fire Fighting System

Fire fighting system in hazardous area shall be actuated automatically as much as possible
because minimal manpower as described in Para. 2.4 of this philosophy can be achieved.
The actuation methods of fire fighting system are summarized as below:
For the device which activates fire fighting equipment, refer to L830-AF-PHI-0001, Fire and
Gas Detection Philosophy.
Table 2. Summary of actuation of fire fighting system
The items Automatic/Manual

Spray system and oscillating monitor (LNG Train) Automatic actuation
Water curtain system (Incinerator in LNG Train) Automatic actuation

High-expansion foam system for LNG impoundment
Automatic actuation
basin (LNG Train)
The items Automatic/Manual

Spray system and oscillating monitor (Inlet facilities) Automatic actuation
Spray system for top side facilities on full-containment
Automatic actuation
tank (Offsite area)
Dry chemical extinguishing system for relief valve
Automatic actuation
discharge pipes on LNG tank (Offsite area)
Spray system for condensate tank (Offsite area) Manual actuation
Spray system for propane refrigerant storage tank (Offsite
Automatic actuation
area)
Fixed monitor, if any (Offsite area) Manual actuation
Automatic actuation
basin ( Offsite area )
Low-expansion foam system for Rim-seal fire of
Automatic actuation
condensate tank ( Offsite area )
Remote-operated monitor (Jetty area) Manual actuation
Water Curtain system (Jetty area) Manual actuation
Automatic actuation
basin ( Jetty area )
Fixed monitor, if any (Common Utility area) Manual actuation
2.6 Local Assistance for Fire Fighting

The whole plant shall be self-supportive in terms of fire fighting capabilities.
Therefore, it is imperative that the fire protection system shall be designed to be capable of
handling the fire scenarios and/or other emergency situations without relying on external
assistance/support, such as public fire trucks and fire fighters from the public fire department
and/or others. However, in case that external brigade assists on the events, external fire
brigade equipment can be accommodated.
Internal fire trucks, which are considered major firefighting equipment, shall be normally
stationed at a fire station.
2.7 Methodology for Active Fire Protection Design

To achieve the suitable active fire protection design, active fire protection system shall be
designed according to methodology in Fig 2. Each step of developing the design in Fig. 2 is
consistent with the chapter of this philosophy and has deliverables which show the
information required in each chapter.
This methodology shall be set forward as per the following approach for system optimization,
arranged in descending order:
z Active fire protection system shall be designed by code/standard and experience.
z Consequence analysis (CA) shall be carried out using credible scenarios for limited
specific equipment such as C3 accumulator, HP MR separator and refrigerant storage
because these equipment have risk to cause BLEVE event.
z Any recommendation arising out of a related CA, such as Fire and Explosion Risk
Analysis (FERA), Emergency Systems Survivability Analysis (ESSA), and Quantitative
Risk Assessment (QRA), shall be forwarded to the Company for approval prior to
implementation.
Methodology for Active Fire Protection Design
Main deliverables which show

the information required in
Define Hazards each section of this Philosophy
What is the hazard
Chapter 2 General - Active fire protection
protected by fire fighting
Design Principles philosophy
equipment?
(L790-AF-PHI-0001)
Define Fire Zone

How are the fire zones
- Plant Zoning Philosophy
segregated? Chapter 2 General (L290-AP-PHI-0005)
Design Principles
Design Firewater pump and

How large is the - P&ID System 790 Firewater
firewater main
capacity of fire water pump (L790-DP-PID-
pumps and How is fire 0001.001, 0002.001)
water main piping Chapter 3 Fire water - P&ID System 790 Firewater
arranged? supply, pumping system, main
and distribution (L790-DP-PID-0004.00X)
What are the objects - Consolidated hazardous

to be protected by fire Identify the objects to be equipment list
fighting equipment? protected by firefighting (L790-AF-LIS-0001)
equipment - P&ID System 790 Fixed
water deluge/spray system
Chapter 4 Outdoor fire protection (TBA)
How is firefighting Chapter 5 Indoor fire protection - Firewater system layout
equipment arranged? drawing
(L790-DF-LAD-0001~0014)
What is impact on the jet - Fire and Explosion Risk

Perform Consequence
fire for the specific Assessment Report
Analysis
hazardous equipment? (L290-AH-REP-0005)
How is fire fighting - Typical installation drawing

equipment installed and Install Fire fighting for fire fighting equipment
What type of fire equipment (L790-DF-LAD-0008.001)
fighting equipment is - Specification of fire fighting
installed? equipment (TBA)
To detailed design
FIG.2 METHODOLOGY FOR DESIGNING ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION

2.8 Hazards around the plant

The active fire protective system for Ichthys onshore LNG facilities shall be properly designed
to assure effective fire fighting for the credible scenarios for each type of hypothetical hazards
described below.
Principal hazardous materials contained in Ichthys onshore LNG facilities are methane,
ethane, propane, butanes, hydrogen sulfide and sulfur. Pentane, hexane, and methyl di-ethyl
amine (MDEA), diesel oil, lube oil, hot oil are also handled. Methane, ethane, propane and
butanes are handled in gas form or liquid form (LPG, LNG). LPG or LNG spillage will involve
vapor cloud hazard or fire hazard (pool fire, spray fire), if ignited.
Leaks of these materials in gas form will cause a torch fire immediately if ignited. Leak of
these materials in liquid form will cause a spray fire if ignited.
Hydrogen sulfide is a toxic, flammable and explosive gas and is very dangerous to human life.
Pentane and hexane are principally handled in liquid form and they can be dealt with as
flammable liquids (oil) from the point of view of fire hazard.
MDEA has less flammability and does not readily burn. Therefore, no special consideration is
required for fire hazard.
A fire caused from LNG, LPG or gaseous hydrocarbons shall be extinguished only when
continuous leaks of hydrocarbon are stopped.
Equipment mainly handling flammable liquid shall be covered by water cooling such as fire
water monitor or spray systems. For detail, refer to L790-AF-LIS-0001, consolidated
hazardous equipment list.
There are also electrical hazards around electrical equipment, such as generator etc. For
these hazards, specific measure, e.g. gaseous extinguishing system or the exclusive portable
extinguishers shall be considered.
2.8.1 Process Area

(1) Gas Release Without Fire
Potential leaks from flammable gaseous hydrocarbon facilities may cause a jet stream.
If a large amount of gas heavier than air leaks, the leaked gas may flow in a downwind
direction and accumulate on the ground and may be detected by a flammable gas
detector.
When a gas leak is discovered by flammable gas detector, the affected process
equipment will be shutdown, blocked-in and/or depressurized manually to control any
further leakage.
(2) Liquefied Gas Release Without Fire
When liquefied gas (LNG or LPG) is released into the atmosphere, some portion of the
liquid will immediately vaporize, and some portion will remain in liquid form and will
accumulate on the ground. The produced flammable vapour would easily travel in a
downwind direction.
For LNG/LPG spills, the spilled LNG/LPG should be collected in the relevant spill
impounding basins. High expansion foam can be applied in order to control vaporization
for spill impounding only for LNG.
The spill impounding basin shall be designed so that its volumetric capacity will be at
least equivalent to the largest leakage that can be discharged into the area during a
10-minute duration or the largest equipment inventory whichever is greater, in
accordance with NFPA 59A and EN 1473. For detailed study of LNG/LPG spill volume
for impounding basin, refer to L290-AH-REP-0001, Study report for LNG/LPG Spill
Volume for Impoundment Pond.
At the same time, the immediate surrounding area of the spill should be sprayed with
water by manual actuation of fixed spray system(s), fixed and/or portable monitors and
hydrant hose streams to disperse the vapour clouds in these areas while the area
containing liquid spills shall not be sprayed with water, because it will accelerate
vaporization.
When designing the drainage system around process equipment in active fire protection
zone, consideration should be given to minimize the quantity of fire water that may flow
to a spilled drainage area in the different zones.
Low temperature spill detectors located at the LNG spill basin will automatically apply
high expanded foam on the spilled liquid surface to control vaporization speed of spilled
LNG. Refer to L830-AF-PHI-0001, Fire and Gas detection philosophy.
For LPG/Mixed Refrigerant (MR), high expansion foam system will not be provided.
(3) Gas Fire
The active fire protection systems are unlikely to extinguish gas fires e.g. jet fires, nor
are they designed to do this. Gas fires should not be extinguished to avoid re-ignition
and explosion. The method of dealing with gas fires is via appropriate isolation and
blowdown of the process system. Refer to L290-AP-PHI-0002, Emergency Shutdown
and Depressuring System Philosophy. Therefore, adequate water for cooling adjacent
and affected equipment/structures around and/or within the fire shall be provided via
automatic activation of fixed water spray system/oscillating monitors, manual activation
of fixed/portable monitors and/or hydrant hose streams.
Jet streams resulting from possible leaks of flammable gaseous hydrocarbons stored in
pressurized vessels, when ignited, can produce jet fires.
Jet fires can quickly cause damage to equipment, pipe and/or structures directly
impinged with the fire. Therefore, this equipment supports and/or structures directly
impinged with the flame must be cooled with solid water streams as quickly as possible
from oscillating and/or portable monitors or hydrant hose streams.
Note that cooling by water spray application is not effective because the high velocity of
the jet stream may deflect a water spray or fog pattern. The location of the occurrence of
jet fire and their direction cannot be also assumed and fixed spray system for jet fire
cannot be provided. Accordingly, only solid water stream from monitor or hose nozzle is
effective for jet fire.
Jet fire extinguishment shall only be commenced only after the leakage source has been
cut-off.
(4) Pool Fire
When liquid hydrocarbon, LNG/MR or LPG leaks, a pool is generated, and when ignited,
will result in pool fire.
A pool fire produces an intense heat radiation and damage structures and/or equipment
in that area and adjacent areas.
Therefore, any equipment that is in or adjacent to possible pool fires shall immediately
be cooled by water via fixed and/or portable monitors or hydrant hose streams or fixed
water spray systems, if provided. In addition, Drainage shall be designed as far as
possible to prevent pool fires under the equipment.
Load-bearing supports for pipes/equipment, pipe racks and vessels within a possible
pool fire, i.e. within a fire scenario envelope, should be fireproofed to withstand the heat
effects. Refer to L790-AL-PHI-0001, Fireproofing Philosophy.
Equipment/structure cooling by water application is essential to prevent them from being

damaged/failed, even if the water application onto the LNG/LPG liquid spill cannot be
avoided and increase the flame intensity.
Hydrocarbon pool fires, other than LNG, MR, or LPG spill, shall be extinguished by low
expansion foam either via portable or fixed foam monitors/foam hose streams.
However, low expansion foam shall not be used for LNG/MR/LPG pool fires as this will
increase the fire intensity.
If a fire happens in LNG spill basins, fire intensity shall be controlled by high expansion
foam system automatically activated by signals from spill detectors.
For MR/LPG pool fires, no fire extinguishment should be applied, and the pool fire will be
allowed to burn continuously until the fuel is exhausted. Therefore, it is important that the
leakage source be immediately shut-off and depressurized to minimize the pool fire
duration.
High expansion foam is not normally applied for MR/LPG fires because application of
such foam would sometimes extinguish MR/LPG fire that will result in a more dangerous
situation because MR/LPG is heavier-than-air gas, and the vapor of MR/LPG will be
accumulated beneath the foam blanket and have a risk of re-ignition and explosion.
2.8.2 Gas inlet facilities Area

(1) Gas Release Without Fire
Potential leaks from flammable gaseous hydrocarbon facilities may cause a jet stream.
When a gas leak is discovered by flammable gas detector(s), the affected process
equipment will be shutdown, blocked-in and/or depressurized to control any further
leakage.
Fixed water spray systems and/or fixed/portable monitors or hydrant hose streams shall
be manually operated to assist in the quick dispersion of leaked gas.
(2) Gas Fire
The active fire protection systems are unlikely to extinguish gas fires e.g. jet fires, nor
are they designed to do this. Gas fires should not be extinguished to avoid re-ignition
and explosion. The method of dealing with gas fires is via appropriate isolation and
blowdown of the process system. Refer to L290-AP-PHI-0002, Emergency Shutdown
and Depressuring System Philosophy. Therefore, adequate water for cooling adjacent
and affected equipment/structures around and/or within the fire shall be provided via
automatic activation of fixed water spray system/oscillating monitors, manual activation
of fixed/portable monitors and/or hydrant hose streams.
Jet streams resulting from possible leaks of flammable gaseous hydrocarbons stored in
pressurized vessels, when ignited, can produce jet fires.
Jet fires can quickly cause damage to equipment, pipe and/or structures directly
impinged with the fire. Therefore, this equipment supports and/or structures directly
impinged with the flame must be cooled with solid water streams as quickly as possible
from oscillating and/or portable monitors or hydrant hose streams.
Note that cooling by water spray application is not effective because the high velocity of
the jet stream may deflect a water spray or fog pattern. The location of the occurrence of
jet fire and their direction cannot be also assumed and fixed spray system for jet fire
cannot be provided. Accordingly, only solid water stream from monitor or hose nozzle is
effective for jet fire.
Jet fire extinguishment shall only be commenced only after the leakage source has been
cut-off.
(3) Pool Fire

When liquid condensate leaks, a pool is generated, and when ignited, will result in pool
fire.
A pool fire produces an intense heat radiation and damage structures and/or equipment
in that area and adjacent areas.
Therefore, any equipment that is in or adjacent to possible pool fires shall immediately
be cooled by water via fixed and/or portable monitors or hydrant hose streams or fixed
water spray systems, if provided.
2.8.3 LNG Jetty Area

The leakage source at LNG jetty area is a single LNG loading arm.
(1) Liquid Release Without Fire
Spilled LNG liquid will be fall down to the grade with sloped concrete paving a 0.9% fall
to flow toward the spill containment to be located on the lower deck or beside the jetty
deck. High expansion foam will be automatically applied onto the liquid surface. The
liquid spills will be detected by spill detectors installed at the spill containment
immediately when LNG leaks, which will activate emergency shut-off valves.
Flammable gas detectors will be installed to detect vapors formed during an LNG
release.
(2) Pool Fire
If a liquid pool is ignited, the flame and thermal radiation zones produced by the fire will
expose surrounding equipment. All equipment, piping, superstructure, monitor towers
and loading arms on the jetty deck and the tanker which may possibly be impinged with
flame or may be exposed to severe thermal radiation, must be protected by cooling with
water from remotely operated water monitors.
Loading arm support structure, gang way tower, and monitor tower need be fireproofed
unless they are protected by fixed spray system. Refer to L790-AL-PHI-0001,
Fireproofing philosophy.
The fixed water spray systems on the jetty deck shall be automatically or remote
manually activated, high expansion foam system for the spill containment will be
automatically initiated by the spill detectors, and the jetty shutdown operation will be
sequentially carried out.
For the heat exposure to/from the moored ship, water curtain system shall be provided, if
required.
2.8.4 LPG/Condensate Jetty Area

The leakage source at LPG/Condensate jetty area is a single LPG/Condensate loading arm.
LPG is handled in the LPG/Condensate jetty. LPG spill containment shall also be provided in
the same manner as at the LNG jetty. However, high expansion foam shall not be provided for
spill containment on the LPG/condensate jetty.
(1) Liquid Release Without Fire
Spilled LPG liquid will be fall down to the grade with sloped concrete paving a 0.9% fall
to flow toward the spill containment to be located on the lower deck or beside the jetty
deck. The liquid spills will be detected by spill detectors installed at the spill containment
immediately when LPG leaks, which will activate emergency shut-off valves.
Flammable gas detectors will be installed to detect vapors formed during an LPG
release.
(2) Pool Fire

If a liquid pool is ignited, the flame and thermal radiation zones produced by the fire will
expose surrounding equipment. All equipment, piping, superstructure, monitor towers
and loading arms on the jetty deck and the tanker which may possibly be impinged with
flame or may be exposed to severe thermal radiation, must be protected by cooling with
water from remotely operated water monitors.
Remote operated water monitor can also discharge low expansion foam with selector
switch for extinguishing condensate fire. However, low expansion foam must not used
for LPG fire.
Loading arm support structure, gang way tower, and monitor tower need be fireproofed
unless they are protected by fixed spray system. Refer to L790-AL-PHI-0001,
Fireproofing philosophy.
The fixed water spray systems on the jetty deck shall be automatically or remote
manually activated and the jetty shutdown operation will be sequentially carried out.
For the heat exposure to/from the moored ship, water curtain system shall be provided, if
required.
2.8.5 LNG Storage Tank Area

For the LNG storage tank, it is of the full containment type and design of LNG spillage need
not be considered other than small leakage at flanges/valves of LNG pump discharge lines on
LNG platform. Such LNG spill shall be directed to LNG spill impounding basin near the tank
through down pipe where high expansion foam system will be automatically actuated.
If a roll over occurs in an LNG storage tank, pressure inside the tank would increase and
methane gas would potentially be released to the atmosphere from the safety relief valves on
top of the tanks. If such gas were ignited, a sustained relief valve fire could occur which may
damage the roof of the tank or adjacent equipment due to thermal radiation effects.
To eliminate this risk, automatic fixed dry chemical extinguishing systems shall be installed on
the relief valve discharge pipes, designed for extinguishing a full release fire. 100% spare
capacity of the dry chemical system shall be provided so that a second attempt at
extinguishing the fire can be carried out.
2.8.6 LPG Storage Tank Area

Water for shell cooling shall be applied onto the shell of the propane refrigerant storage tank
on LPG pool fire via fixed water spray system to prevent Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor
Explosion (BLEVE). Adjacent tanks and/or equipment shall also be cooled with water using
fixed/portable monitors, hand hose streams, or fixed water spray system, if required.
For LPG storage tank, it is of the full containment type and design of LPG spillage need not be
considered other than small leakage at flanges/valves of LPG pump discharge lines on LPG
platform. Such LPG spill shall be directed to LPG spill impounding basin near the tank through
down pipe.
2.8.7 Condensate Storage Tank Area

Rim seal fire shall be the single fire case to be considered for floating roof condensate tanks
(FRT) especially if the floating roof is of the double deck pontoon type. According to NFPA 11,
a full surface fire is not a credible scenario for FRTs because of the slim possibility of the roof
being sunk.
Fixed low expansion foam system shall be operated to extinguish rim seal fires on FRTs.
Water for shell cooling shall also be applied onto the shell of the tank on fire via fixed water
spray system. Adjacent tanks and/or equipment shall also be cooled with water using
fixed/portable monitors, hand hose streams, or fixed water spray system, if required.
In the event that the floating roof is not designed with double deck pontoon roof type, full
surface fire scenario shall be considered.
Full dike fire for condensate tank will not be considered because a more credible scenario
would be a minimum liquid spill from a flange connection or a small bore piping which will be
accumulated on the sloped side of the dike. This type of spill when ignited can result in a
minimal spill fire and not a full dike fire. Solid hose stream will be applied for such small fire in
dike.
2.8.8 Common Utility / Utility Annex

Fire hydrants and hose cabinets are provided along roadway/access way around Common
utility / Utility Annex. Fixed monitor is also provided to protect the equipment handling
combustible gas, e.g. fuel gas. Fixed monitor and/or hydrant hose streams shall be manually
operated for firefighting in this area.
Common Utility area includes power generation area. The equipment outside enclosure is
protected by fixed monitor and/or hydrant hose stream. The equipment inside enclosure are
protected by portable fire extinguisher and/or fixed fire fighting equipment.
2.8.9 Open Ground Flare Knock Out Drum Area

Fire hydrants and hose cabinets are provided along roadway/access way around Open
Ground Flare Knock Out Drum Area. Oscillating monitor is also provided to protect the
equipment handling flammable/combustible liquids and gases. Oscillating monitor shall be
actuated manually and automatically via the signal from flame detector. Hydrant hose streams
shall be manually operated for firefighting in this area.
2.8.10 Operation Complex

Fire hydrants and hose cabinets are provided along roadway/access way around Operation
Complex area, including CCB, main workshop, and warehouse, etc. Hydrant hose streams
shall be manually operated for fighting fire in this area and inside building.
Building fire protection shall be in accordance with Australian regulation, such as Building
Code of Australia (BCA). If Australian regulation requires fixed system using fire water inside
building, the tie-in from fire water main to building shall be provided.
3. FIRE WATER SUPPLY, PUMPING SYSTEM, AND DISTRIBUTION
3.1 General
Water shall be the primary medium of active fire protection for Ichthys onshore LNG facilities
delivered to deluge/spray systems, foam systems, monitors, hydrants and hose reels for the
process train areas, LNG/LPG tankage area and LNG and LPG/condensate jetty areas.
3.2 Fire Water Source

(1) Fresh water shall be the immediate source of water for fighting fires as well as for the
routine periodic testing of fire protection equipment/systems. Fresh water should be
used for the periodic testing of fire fighting systems for optimum corrosion prevention.
For this reason, flushing of the system with fresh water shall be conducted after any
time seawater is introduced during major fire fighting incidents.
(2) The fire water storage tank shall be provided dedicated to store fresh water for a
minimum of 4-hour duration at the anticipated highest fire water demand of process
train area or 12 hour duration at that of condensate storage tank, whichever is greater.
Provisions shall be made to keep the tank full. The tank should be used only for the
storage of fire water and service water. The fire water storage tank is spared by the
service water storage tank. The fire water storage tank shall be so located such that
the tank will not be subject to fire and blast exposure from adjacent hazards.
(3) Seawater shall be the unlimited source of water as backup of fresh water. When fresh
water is exhausted in the fire case for long duration, seawater will be supplied by
seawater pumps.
3.3 Fire Water Pump System (HOLD 8)

(1) Fire water pump(s) shall be provided to cater for the firefighting operations of small
fires and for the periodic testing of firefighting equipment.
(2) Sparing of the fire water pumps shall be considered to ensure the reliability and
integrity of the fire pump system with regard to pump maintenance and/or other
hazards, if any.
(3) As a back up, seawater shall be provided by feeding at required pressure and rate into
the firewater system by seawater pumps.
3.3.1 General
(1) Two fire water pump systems shall be provided as described below including their
possible configurations with regard to pump capacity and sparing:
Generally, Fire water pump quantity as well as seawater pump quantity shall be
determined based on (N+1) philosophy(N=100%) as described below (N depends on
the maximum firewater requirement for overall plant and the capacity of fire water
pump recommended in NFPA 20).
- Fresh water fire pump system
z Three(3) pumps (all motor-driven) each having 50% capacity of the highest fire
water demand in the plant, or
z Two(2) pumps (all motor-driven) each having 100% capacity of the highest fire
water demand in the plant
If the resulting 100% (or 50%) maximum fire water demand of the plant is higher than
the 5000gpm recommendation of NFPA 20 (maximum capacity of fire water pumps),
then it is recommended to install more than 3 pumps, as required. For example, if 3
pumps are required for 100% FW capacity, then 4 pumps shall be provided (4 sets of
⅓ capacity motor-driven pump). If 4 pumps are required, then 5 pumps shall be
provided (5 sets of ¼ capacity motor-driven pump), and so on.
According to the current highest fire water demand, three (3) pumps with each having
50% capacity are provided.
With the above pump configurations, 100% of the fire water demand can be always
supplied even in the event of electrical power failure.
- Seawater backup pump system
z Three(3) pumps (all motor-driven) each having 50% capacity of the highest fire
water demand of condensate tank fire
Seawater pumps will be used for the backup of fresh water. The capacity of seawater
pump is based on the highest fire water demand of condensate tank fire because tank
fire may continue for a long time and the unlimited source will be required.
The quantity and configuration of seawater pump except for the capacity shall be
similar to that of fresh water fire water pumps.
(2) The fire water pump driver type shall be motor, as per Para. 10.2 of
L290-AG-BOD-0001, Basis of Design. Electric power shall be in accordance with
Section 9.2.2 and 9.3.4 of NFPA 20. The reliability and the requirement of power
source of fire water pumps has already studied in FEED stage and a dedicated
emergency generator for a set of firewater pumps is required to meet the requirement
of NFPA 20.
(3) Fire water pumps shall be sized based on NFPA 20 and must be capable of operating
at 150% flow rate at not less than 65% rated head. The fire water pumps and
seawater pumps shall only be used for firefighting purposes and shall not be used for
any other purpose.
(4) The rated capacity and head of the pumps shall be determined based on the
predetermined maximum fire water requirement described in Section 3.4.
(5) Final quantity of fire water pumps and seawater pumps shall be decided based on the
maximum capacity of one fire water pump not exceeding 5000gpm (1136 m3/hr) as
stated in NFPA 20. This is because if a fire water pump with larger capacity starts
during a fire fighting situation, its sudden pressure increase might be dangerous to fire
fighters who may happen to be handling hand held hose streams.
(6) Fire water pump units including pumps, drivers, and its controllers shall comply with
NFPA 20. They shall be listed by a certifying authority such as UL or equivalent.
However, requirement for UL listed or FM approved is not mandatory if other authority
mentioned in AS 2941 certifies the pump units.
(7) The back-up seawater pump system should comply with relevant Australian standards
and shall target NFPA compliance where feasible to obtain best element reliability.
However, it is recognized that exemptions may be required by the above, or
alternative options that do not comply with NFPA can be submitted for COMPANY
review and approval with the intention to maintain system simplicity and meet
operational requirements.
3.3.2 Drivers and Controllers

(1) The driver shall be mounted on a common bed with the pump.
(2) The rated horsepower of the driver shall be determined based on the maximum brake
horsepower required by the pump under any conditions of the pump load.
3.3.3 Maintenance of Fire Water Pressure

(1) The jockey pump shall be used to maintain a uniform pressure on the fire main
system. Considering pump maintenance, two(2) jockey pumps shall be provided for
the fresh water fire pump system including a 100% standby and shall be located on
the utility annex.
(2) Capacity of each jockey pump shall be approximately 57m3/hr. (It is based on the
capacity of one hose stream and the intension is that usage of one hose stream other
than fire fighting purpose will not lead to main fire water pump start The required
minimum flow capacity of jockey pump shall be confirmed at EPC stage to finalize the
jockey pump capacity.)
(3) The pumps shall be driven by electric motors.

(4) Head of this pump shall be determined based on the permanent system pressure of
the fire main to be maintained considering operation sequence of fire fighting pump,
and shall be the desired fire protection system pressure.
(5) Consequently, the rated head of the jockey pump should be the same as the rated
head of the fire water pumps.
3.3.4 Pump Operation Sequence

(1) Jockey Pump
Jockey pump shall run continuously to maintain fire main system pressure.
(2) Fire Water Pumps
All fire water pumps including standby pumps shall start automatically and sequentially
when the fire main pressure drops below the set pressure of the pressure switches
except for spare pump. Spare pump shall be in manual position so that all fire water
pumps will not be started during the electrical backup due to emergency diesel
generators.
A pressure switch shall be individually provided for each pump controller so that the
pump units will be completely independent from each other.
Sequential timers set at intervals of 5 to 10 seconds shall be provided in each pump
controller to prevent any two pump units from starting simultaneously.
If the fire main pressure is reached above the set pressure, succeeding pumps will not
be required to start because at this time all pressure switches will be reset.
The order of starting, pump by pump, shall be as follows, and it shall be performed by
the abovementioned sequential timers.
Remote starting systems operating from the CCB shall be provided for all the fire water
pumps.
However, remote stopping system shall not be provided. The fire water pumps shall only
be stopped locally and manually from the local pump control panel upon personnel
confirmation that fire fighting operations are already completed.
Manual start and stop of all fire water pumps at the pump station area shall be provided
for pump testing and maintenance purposes.
The fire water storage tank shall have level alarms. At low low level alarm, the back-up
from seawater pump shall be started.
(3) Seawater Pumps
All seawater pumps shall be in manual position and start manually at local or remote
location after fresh fire water will be exhausted.
However, remote stopping system shall not be provided. The seawater pumps shall only
be stopped locally and manually from the local pump control panel upon personnel
confirmation that fire fighting operations are already completed.
Remote-operated isolation valve is provided for isolating between fresh water portion of
fire water main and seawater portion around seawater pumps. When seawater pumps
will be used, this isolation valve shall be opened manually at local or remote location
(CCR).
3.4 Fire Water Demand

The minimum fire water demand for the plant shall be the highest fire water demand from
among the collective water requirements of the following scenarios:
3.4.1 Process Train Area

The minimum fire water requirement shall be the sum of the following:
(1) All fixed water spray system(s) requirement within the active fire protection zone with
the highest demand
(2) All fixed water and/or water oscillating monitors within the active fire protection zone
above
(3) All fixed high expansion foam system(s) requirement for LNG impounding basin
serving the active fire protection zone above, if any
(4) Four(4) hose streams from hydrants within active fire protection zone above
3.4.2 Gas inlet facilities area

The minimum fire water requirement shall be the sum of the following:
(1) All fixed water spray system(s) requirement within the active fire protection zone with
the highest demand
above
(3) Four(4) hose streams from hydrants within the active fire protection zone above
3.4.3 Product Loading Area

The minimum fire water requirement shall be the sum of:
(1) All fixed water spray system(s) requirement within the highest demand of active fire
protection zone, if any
(2) All fixed water curtain system(s) within the active fire protection zone above
(3) All fixed high expansion foam system(s) requirement for LNG impounding basin
serving the active fire protection zone above
(4) All fixed remote monitors within the active fire protection zone above
(5) Four(4) hose streams from hydrants within the active fire protection zone above
3.4.4 LNG Storage Tank Area

(1) High expansion foam system requirement for impounding basin, if any
(2) All water spray system(s) requirement for affected LNG tank, if any
(3) Four(4) hose streams from hydrant
3.4.5 LPG Storage Tank Area

(1) All water spray system(s) requirement within the largest demand fire zone, if any
(2) Four (4) hose streams from hydrant
3.4.6 Condensate Storage Tank Area

(1) Low expansion foam system requirement on the tank’s rim seal fire
(2) Fixed water spray system requirement for shell cooling of the tank on fire
(3) All fixed water spray system(s) requirement for cooling adjacent tanks and/or
equipment, if any
(4) Two(2) supplementary foam hose streams
(5) Two(2) hose streams from hydrants
3.4.7 Boil Off Gas Area

(2) All fixed water and/or oscillating monitors within the active fire protection zone above,
if any
(3) Four(4) hose streams from hydrants
3.4.8 LNG Boil Off Gas Area

above, if any
3.4.9 Common Utility / Utility Annex

above, if any
3.4.10 Drainage and Effluent Treatment Area

above, if any
3.4.11 Open Ground Flare Knock Out Drum Area

above, if any
3.4.12 Operation Complex

(1) All water sprinkler system(s) requirement activated at once, if any
(2) Two(2) hose streams from indoor/outdoor hydrants near building
3.5 Fire Water Main System
3.5.1 Overall Fire Main System

(1) Generally, the fire main shall have a looped configuration laid out along the roads on
the four sides of a process area, inlet facilities area, utility area, tankage area, and
building area. However, single fire main can be used on jetty trestle and in low
hazardous areas.
(2) In consideration to the usage of fresh water, as well as seawater for the back up
supply as fire water, high density polyethylene (HDPE, for underground), galvanized
carbon steel, and/or cupper-Nickel alloy (for above ground piping) will be used as the
fire water piping material.
(3) Fire mains around the process train areas and LPG storage area shall be buried. If the
soil condition is not conducive for underground pipe routing, then, portions of fire main
around these areas may be allowed to be laid above ground but shall be provided with
adequate protection against potentials fires, explosions and impact that may occur on
those areas.
(4) For LPG/LNG Jetty trestles, fire mains shall be laid out above ground.
(5) The depth of earth cover over the fire main shall be as follows:
General : min. 0.8m
Under roads : min. 0.92m
The underground fire main shall be externally wrapped or coated for corrosion protection
and cathodic protection shall be applied where metallic pipes are to be used. In addition,
the underground fire main shall be constructed with minimum separation distance from
other underground service considering the construction and operation.
(6) The design pressure of the fire main system and its components shall be equal to or
greater than the maximum shut-off pressure of the fire pumps plus transient pressure
and any allowance for elevation differences.
(7) A dual common header for the fire water pump discharge line shall be provided to
ensure that loss of one discharge header will not result in loss of the 100% capacity
design basis. Two (2) headers shall be tied-in to the fire main separated by a block
valve in between the connected fire main locations.
(8) Fire water shall be normally supplied to all the plant area and operation complex from
the fire water pump system.
(9) The fire main shall be provided with indicator type block valves in such a way that no
more than six(6) fixed firefighting equipment, such as hydrant, monitors, water spray
system header, etc., can be isolated by isolating a single section of the fire main
piping.
(10) In case of a line failure of the single fire main, such portion shall be isolated by block
valves and fire water shall be supplied from trestle areas or other light hazardous
areas.
(11) When fresh fire water is depleted up, seawater will be introduced as a back-up supply
into the fire main by seawater pumps.
(12) Fixed water spray systems/water curtain systems shall be fed from two separate
headers, from an automatic deluge valve system and backed-up by a manual valve
system Single block valve on fire main between two headers is considerable to
separate headers.
(13) Permanent flushing connections, which shall consist of an 8” block valve and a
suitable tail pipe shall be installed on fire main piping system at strategic locations to
ensure appropriate flushing of fire main piping.
(14) Provision shall be made for future connections to the fire main system such that there
is minimal outage of the fire water system. For example, headers shall be terminated
with bolted flanges rather than welded ends. For future expansion of the plant, fire
main piping shall terminate with flanges at the possible expansion locations.
(15) Block valves shall be provided to ensure that if a section of ring main is damages,
adequate fire water pressure and flow to protect all plant areas still availables through
adjacent sections except for a fire water break case at jetty trestles.
(16) Where indicator type block valve is subject to possible mechanical damage due to
vehicular impact, guard posts shall be provided.
3.5.2 Fire Main Hydraulic Calculation

All fire mains shall be subject to full hydraulic analysis using an accepted computer program
to ensure that the required water quantities can be delivered at the required system
pressures.
Fire main size shall be determined by network calculation on the basis of the following:
(1) Fire water can flow through all sections of the fire water main network with no portion
being out of service.
(2) Piping friction losses shall be calculated using Hazen and Williams' formula as follows:
1.85
Q
ΔP = 605,000 x 1.85
x Le
C x D 4.87
where: ∆P = Pressure loss in bar

Q = Flow rate in l/min
C = Hazen and Williams friction loss coefficient
D = Actual internal diameter of pipe in mm
Le = Equivalent length of piping in m

(3) Coefficient "C" in Hazen and Williams formula shall be equal to the following values
depending on pipe material:
Galvanized CS pipes: C = 120
GRE pipes: C = 135
HDPE / Cupper-Nickel Alloy pipes: C = 150
(4) Minimum line size shall be 6" in diameter.
4. OUTDOOR FIRE PROTECTION
4.1 Fire Water Hydrant

(1) Hydrants shall be installed typically spaced as follows:
- Around process train areas, Inlet facilities area, Common Utility area
LNG storage area, Condensate storage area,
Boil off gas area, LNG boil off gas area : 60m maximum
- Other areas: 80m maximum
(2) Hydrants are to be located in strategic points according to AS 2419.1, Fire hydrant
installations, in such a way that any portion of the plant can be accessed and can be
reached using a 10 m hose stream issuing a nozzle at the end of a 60 m length of
hose connected to a fire hydrant outlet. Where hose stream cannot be reached, live
hose reel or portable fire extinguisher shall be provided for initial fire incident.
(3) They shall be readily accessible from roadways/access ways especially for fire truck
access.
(4) Where the hydrant is subject to possible mechanical damage due to vehicular impact,
guard posts shall be provided. However, protection shall be arranged in a manner that
does not interfere with the connection to or operation of hydrants.
(5) Hydrants shall be located at least 15m away from any equipment to be protected, and
at least 12.2m away from any buildings being protected except for external fire
hydrant for inside building. If this is not practical, the equipment/building shall be
protected by other hydrant(s).
(6) At least three(3) hydrants shall be located on LNG jetty head and LPG/Condensate
jetty head, and one(1) on the roof platform for each LNG tank/LPG tank.
(7) Hose couplings at hydrant shall be provided with pressure regulator for safe hose
operation.
(8) Hydrant assemblies shall be provided for a normal working pressure of 7 barg at outlet
and should have a design pressure equal to or in excess of the fire main design
pressure.
(9) Wet barrel hydrants shall be used, as there is no problem with freezing. The barrels
shall be hot-dip galvanized after welding.
(10) Each hose connection on the hydrant shall be the type as per Australian standard and
valve. When selecting the type of hose connection on the hydrant, consideration shall
be given to the connection type in use by the local NT fire brigades.
(11) Specification of hydrant shall be defined in L790-AF-SPC-0002, Specification of fire
fighting equipment.
(12) The consideration shall be given to the provision of the butterfly isolation valves on
each riser below the connection/valve assembly. If each hydrant can be isolated
individually, fire hydrant can be excluded from firefighting equipment required the
isolation by a section of the fire main piping in Para. 3.5.1 (9) of this philosophy.
4.2 Hose Boxes/Cabinets

(1) A fire hose box shall be provided per hydrant and shall be located within 5m from the
hydrant.
(2) The hose cabinet shall be used to store the following items, as a minimum, which are
related to the operation of hydrants:
- Two(2) sets of 1-½” x 30m fire hoses (each with 2-½” hose couplings to Australian
standard)
- One(1) set of 2-½” adjustable fog-to-straight stream nozzle with play pipe and shut-off
- Two(2) sets of 2-½” hose coupling gaskets for spare
- One(1) set of spanner wrench for 4” pumper connection (for three-way hydrant only)
4.3 Live Hose Reels

(1) Hose reels shall be provided on process train areas located under main pipe racks as
one of the fire equipment for incipient stages of fires.
(2) They shall be spaced not more than 30m apart and shall be provided with the
following items:
- 1-½” operating valve
- Reel with axial water supply connected to the operating valve
- 1-½” semi grid hose of 30m length
- Adjustable fog-to-straight stream nozzle (360 L/min)
(3) Water shall be fed to two or more hose reels via a common header of 3” diameter laid
on the process pipe rack.
(4) In addition to the above, two(2) hose reels shall be provided each on the LNG jetty
deck and LPG/condensate jetty deck.
4.4 Monitors
4.4.1 General
(1) The following monitor types will be used for the plant:
- Oscillating fixed water monitor
- Fixed water monitor
- Portable wheeled water monitor
- Remotely operated water or foam/water monitor
(2) Purpose and Application
(1) Oscillating fixed water monitor
Oscillating fixed monitor can be actuated from a safe location and swing
monitor nozzle by water-driven wheel. Oscillating fixed water monitor shall be
provided for process areas to protect hazardous process equipment, especially

located in modular structures for exposure protection.
Several monitors shall be pre-adjusted for oscillating angle, vertical angle and
water discharge pattern to protect a specific fire zone for a radius of 5~30m for
one(1) monitor.
The maximum horizontal rotation angle of oscillating fixed water monitor shall
be 180 degree.
Water spray nozzles or adjustable water nozzles may be provided with
oscillating monitors to cover the congested area where water application from
oscillating monitor is difficult.
For the deluge valve location, design and consideration for feed line, refer to
Section 4.5.3.
(2) Fixed water monitor
Fixed water monitors shall be provided and located for those process
equipment handling flammable/combustible liquids and gases for exposure
protection or jet fire protection unless fixed fire protection system, e.g.
oscillating fixed water monitor or spray system are required in this philosophy.
Fixed water monitor shall be operated manually and installed not less than 15m
away from the protected equipment. The effective range of fixed monitor is 30m
using a jet water stream.
(3) Portable wheeled water monitor
Portable wheeled water monitor shall be provided and used for process
equipment that is protected by a fixed fire protection system, as a supplemental
protection means for fire exposure protection or jet fire protection.
Also, they shall be provided to protect that equipment/piping/structure that is not
protected by dedicated fixed protection system such as fixed water spray
system or fixed water monitors for fire exposure protection or jet fire protection.
(4) Remotely operated water or foam/water monitor
Remotely operated water or foam/water monitors shall be strategically located
on the LNG jetty deck and on the LPG/condensate jetty deck.
The number and location of the monitors shall be determined so that at least the
loading parts of the tanker can be covered.
The monitors shall be of electric motor operation type or hydraulic operation
type and able to be actuated not only from a safe location on jetty trestle (at
least 60m away from the jetty head) but also from the jetty LIR.
If the monitor type is of hydraulic operation, hydraulic pump shall be located at a
safe location and shall be of the type driven by fire water pressure, such as
pelton wheel, so that provision of back-up power will be unnecessary.
If the monitor is of electric motor operation type, each monitor shall be
backed-up by emergency generator and shall be provided with electric motor,
which controls the monitor’s movements and stream patterns or the monitor
nozzle shall be adjustable type straight and fog stream.
(3) When locating monitors, the following factors should be considered:
- Physical obstructions to water streams between the monitor and protected equipment
- Local wind conditions where shifting wind patterns may block the use of monitors or
reduce effectiveness of protection
- Prevailing wind direction
- Monitors on the periphery of the protected areas should be located in positions that will
be easily accessible with minimum risk to operation personnel during a fire.
- Vertical and horizontal trajectory pattern. The minimum and maximum distance from
protected equipment should be 15m and 30m, respectively, for manual operation of
water monitors.
(4) The monitor nozzle shall be of variable type with an adjustable water discharge
pattern ranging from straight stream to fog, and shall be rated 1900 to 3200 L/min at
6.9 barg or otherwise noted.
4.4.2 Monitor Types
4.4.2.1 Fixed water monitor

The fixed water monitor shall be of hand-lever operation type with straight to fog nozzle and
locking devices, and should allow a full rotation movement of 360° and an elevation
movement from -15° below horizontal to +75° above horizontal.
Each monitor shall be provided with a butterfly valve at the inlet.
Fixed water monitor shall be operated locally.
4.4.2.2 Portable wheeled water monitor

Portable wheeled water monitors shall consist of the following:
- Mobile two-wheeled cart equipped with a handle for being towed by a truck, two(2)
Australian standard couplings and hose accommodation spaces
- Lever-operated type of water monitor equipped with locking device
- Adjustable fog/straight stream nozzle having a capacity of 1900 L/min at 6.9 barg
- Four(4) sets of 30 m x 2-½” fire hoses equipped with standard hose couplings at both
ends
- +/- 45° azimuth travel 105° above horizontal
The final quantity and detailed locations shall be indicated in L790-AF-LIS 0002, Firefighting
equipment list. It shall be planned to utilize water hydrants described in Section 4.1 for
supplying fire water to the monitor.
4.4.2.3 Oscillating fixed water monitor

The oscillating water monitor shall have a full horizontal rotation movement, angle of
elevation/depression shall be -15° to +75°, arc of oscillation shall be adjusted at 10° to 180°.
The monitor nozzles shall be with straight to fog stream pattern delivery setting and shall have
a discharge capacity of 114m3/hr (1900 l/min) at 6.9barg.
4.4.2.4 Remotely operated water or foam/water monitor

Monitor nozzle discharge capacity shall be 192 m3/hr (3200 l/min) at 6,9 barg.
Each monitor shall be able to rotate horizontally approximately 270° and to swing vertically
between -70° and +45°.
Deluge valve shall be provided for remote operated monitors so that they can discharge and
stop water remotely manually at the monitor operation locations.
The monitors may be located on a monitor tower and/or superstructure in order to apply water
or foam/water at the loading facilities on the jetty deck and the tanker's deck.
4.5 Fixed Water Spray System/Fixed Water Monitor Nozzle System
4.5.1 Provision and Application

Fixed water spray system is composed of water spray nozzles and actuation valves. Water
spray nozzle shall be installed considering the coverage and effective distance of nozzle.
Fixed water monitor nozzle system is composed of adjustable water nozzle and actuation
valves. Adjustable water nozzle has larger capacity and longer effective distance than water
spray nozzle, and their capacity and discharge angle can be adjusted in the shop and the
field.
Fixed water spray system/Fixed water monitor nozzle system should be used for the following
purposes:
(1) Exposure protection of structural members, critical valves or vessels
(2) Control of burning for pumps and compressors
(3) Extinguish fires, normally in conjunction with foam
(4) Protection of access ways from heat radiation
Monitors can protect hazardous equipment as the first priority, however, the application of
fixed water spray system/Fixed monitor nozzle system shall be considered over the provision
of fixed water monitors under the following conditions:
- limited space for the monitors to be located due to area congestion
- limited accessibility for monitor operation
- inefficient monitor coverage to the protected equipment due to physical obstructions
- hazards posed to operator during fire incidents (oscillating monitor is one alternative)
In addition, fixed monitor nozzle system should be used for the following case instead of fixed
spray system:
- Long distance from nozzle to the equipment surface due to area congestion or physical
obstruction
- Inefficient spray coverage due to physical obstruction or large area to be covered
- Control of burning for pumps and compressors
4.5.1.1 For process train and common utility areas

Compressors handling flammable gases shall be provided with a fixed water monitor nozzle
system employing field adjustable type water nozzles.
Pumps handling flammable liquids shall be provided with a fixed water monitor nozzle system,
employing field adjustable type water nozzles, based on the following:
- When handling hydrocarbons at temperatures above its auto-ignition temperatures
- When handling LPG or LNG
Vessels, columns and heat exchangers handling flammable liquids are to be protected with
fixed water monitors/oscillating monitors. However, if they are not protected adequately with
water monitors because of congestion, obstruction to the monitor coverage, and/or limited
accessibility due to module construction, a fixed water spray system/water monitor nozzle
system shall be considered for their protection.
Air fin fan coolers need not be protected by other than hydrants/portable monitors, as they can
be treated as piping.
4.5.1.2 For Gas inlet facilities area

Except for compressor handling flammable gas and flammable/combustible liquid, vessels,
columns and heat exchangers handling flammable liquids are to be protected with fixed water
monitors/oscillating monitors. However, if they are not protected adequately with water
monitors because of congestion, obstruction to the monitor coverage, and/or limited
accessibility due to module construction, a fixed water spray system/water monitor nozzle
system shall be considered for their protection.
Slug catcher manifold and pig launcher will be protected by Oscillating fixed water monitors.
4.5.1.3 For LNG jetty area/For LPG/condensate jetty area

Spray system for monitor towers and superstructures, support legs of loading arms is not
provided because the provision of fireproofing is considered.
4.5.1.4 For LNG storage area

Fixed water spray systems shall be provided for safety relief valves and the tale pipe and tank
platform on the tank roof.
Also, fixed water spray systems/water monitor nozzle system shall be provided for BOG
compressors.
4.5.1.5 For LPG storage area

Fixed water spray systems shall be provided for the tank platform on the tank roof and
LPG/butane pumps.
For propane refrigerant storage tank, spray system shall be provided for shell cooling of the
tank itself.
4.5.1.6 For condensate storage area

Fixed water spray systems shall be provided for the shell cooling of condensate floating roof
tanks.
Condensate pumps shall be protected by fixed water spray system/ water monitor nozzle
system.
4.5.2 Water Application Rates

Water spray densities shall be as follows:
(1) For horizontal, vertical and spherical vessels: 10.2 l/min/m2 of exposed
surfaces
For saddles without fireproofing: 4.1 l/min/m2 of one side surface
of the saddle
Spherical and horizontal cylindrical surfaces below the vessel equator shall have direct
water impingement since rundown will not be considered.
LPG sphere water spray systems shall be designed based on NFPA 15.
(2) For heat exchangers: 10.2 l/min/m2 of exposed surfaces
(3) For pumps: 20.4 l/min/m2 of the floor area including
surrounding strip of 0.6m width around
the pump but excluding the driver
Water sprays protecting pumps shall be designed to cover the suction and discharge
valves and pump seals.
(4) For compressors: 20.4 l/min/m2 of projected surface area
Water spray shall be applied for the top and underside of compressors to be protected if
surge drums are to be located at underside of the compressor. Top sprays shall utilize
adjustable water nozzles while the underside of the compressor will require conventional
spray nozzles.
The lube and seal oil consoles if located inside of the shelter shall also be sprayed with 20.4
l/min/m2 of horizontal area.
(5) For safety relief valves including tale pipe
on LNG tanks: 20.4 l/min/m2
(6) For horizontal, stressed structural steel members:
4.1 l/min/m2 of one side surface of the
structure
For vertical, stressed structural steel members: 10.2 l/min/m2 of one side surface of the
structure
4.5.3 Design of the System

(1) Fixed water spray systems/fixed water monitor nozzle system shall be operated
automatically, remotely manually from CCB and locally manually at the manual
operation valve.
(2) Fixed water spray systems/fixed water monitor nozzle system shall be fed from two(2)
separate headers, from an automatic deluge valve system/header backed-up by a
manual valve system/header.
(3) Deluge valves shall be located in an easily accessible and clear area at least 15m
away from protected equipment or one-tank diameter, whichever is the greater.
(4) The deluge valves shall be UL or FM approved or any other equivalent approval.
(5) The deluge valve shall be a quick-opening automatic valve energized by the fire water
pressure upon confirmed 2ooN (N≧3) detection of fusible plugs (pilot sprinkler head),
heat sensitive cables and/or flame detectors.
(6) Spray nozzles shall be of full-cone, open-head, non-clogging type, with minimum
orifice diameter size of 6.35mm. Minimum nozzle pressure shall not be less than 1.4
barg. They shall be UL or FM approved or any other equivalent approval.
(7) Adjustable water nozzles to be used shall be adjustable from fog pattern to hose
stream. Minimum nozzle pressure shall not be less than 3.5 barg.
(8) Fixed water spray system/fixed water monitor nozzle system header piping being
normally wet (piping upstream of the deluge valve) shall be of copper-Nickel alloy and
dry piping (piping downstream of the deluge valve) shall be galvanized carbon steel
material except for marine condition. For marine condition, copper-Nickel alloy should
be used.
(9) Spray piping of 1” and larger shall be used for water spray systems.
(10) Provisions shall be made to drain the spray piping (especially at low points) after fire
fighting operations. Weep holes can be used for dry piping portion. If a drain valve is
provided, the valve shall be located at accessible location.
4.6 Fixed Water Curtain System

Fixed water curtain system shall be provided on the LNG and LPG/condensate jetty areas
between the LNG and LPG/condensate jetty decks, and LNG and LPG/condensate tankers,
to provide a water cooling barrier between the jetty deck and tanker from the radiant heat
posed by a fire from either on the LNG and LPG/condensate jetty decks, or LNG and
LPG/condensate tankers.
In addition, fixed water curtain system shall be provided around thermal incinerator to prevent
the contact of leaked vapour cloud to hot equipment surface.
4.6.2 Water Application Rate

The curtain flow rate shall be 50 l/min/liner meter and water shall be applied at a minimum
pressure 4 barg.

(1) The curtain flow rate shall discharge water at a minimum pressure of 4 barg. For the
system on the jetty, the nozzle coverage for effectively protecting jetty structure shall
be considered.
(2) Deluge valve configuration shall be the same as that for fixed water spray system.
(3) The system around incinerator shall be of automatic operation by 2ooN flammable gas
detectors and of manual operation at local and in CCR. Also, the system on the jetty
can be operated manually at local and in CCR.
4.7 Low Expansion Foam System

Low expansion foam system shall be provided for the following areas:
- condensate floating roof tanks
- diesel engines
- diesel tanks
- other oil handling equipment including lube oil and seal oil
The size of the inventory and the possible risks to personnel shall be considered in the
provision of either portable or fixed low expansion foam systems.
Fixed low expansion foam system via air foam chambers/pourers shall be operated to
extinguish rim seal fires on condensate floating roof tanks.
For other equipment, low expansion foam shall be applied as required by means of portable
equipment/fire trucks.
4.7.2 Design Basis

The system shall be designed in accordance with NFPA 11.

For extinguishing rim seal fires, a foam solution application basis shall be at least 12.2
l/min/m2 of the area located between inside tank shell and foam dam.
In addition, portable low expansion foam units shall also be provided as supplementary
protection for small spill fires on the condensate storage area.
4.7.3 Foam Proportioning

Fixed pressure proportioning system shall be provided for condensate floating roof tanks.
3% type AFFF foam concentrate shall be employed and provided to permit continuous system
operation of fire extinguishment for at least 20 min.
Foam proportioning shall be done using pressure proportioning unit with water-driven foam
pump.
The system shall be provided with the following facilities to supply pre-mixed foam solution to
the air foam chambers/pourers installed on condensate floating roof tanks for extinguishing
rim seal fires:
- Foam concentrate storage with sunshade
- Foam concentrate refilling nozzle
- Foam concentrate proportioning (pressure proportioner)
- Foam solution delivery valves
The size and capacity of the foam concentrate storage and other system components shall be
finalized at EPC stage.
4.8 Fixed High Expansion Foam System

High expansion foam is effective for suppressing vaporization speed and fire intensity of LNG
when discharged onto the liquid surface. For this purpose, a fixed high expansion foam
system shall be provided for liquid spill containments in the process area, LNG jetty and LNG
storage tanks. High expansion foam shall not be used on LPG in accordance with NFPA 11.
4.8.2 Design Basis

A foam solution application rate shall be at least 2 l/min/m2 of the liquid surface. The foam
solution shall be expanded to approximately 500 times at the high expansion foam generators,
which shall be allocated along the perimeter of the impounding basin. Foam depth over the
liquid surface shall be at least 1.0m which shall be formed within 2 minutes.
Where required, stainless wire mesh fences shall be provided around the basin to prevent
wind removing foam and maintain a foam depth of 1.0 m on the liquid surface.
Synthetic foam concentrate shall be employed and provided to permit continuous operation of
the entire system for at least 30 minutes while NFPA 11 requires a minimum of 15min.
operation time.
4.8.3 Foam Proportioning System

If the system is protecting only one dedicated basin that does not require any turndown in the
capacity of the foam proportioning system, the method of foam concentrate proportioning will
be of the in-line inductor type with a non-pressurized foam concentrate storage container. The
foam solution concentration will be 1~3 % by volume depending on manufacturer's standard.
The foam concentrate storage container shall have a capacity larger than 200 % of the
volume of required foam concentrates (30-minute operation). The foam-proportioning unit
with local on-off switch shall be located at a safe place at least 20m away from the associated
basin.
4.8.4 Control of the System

Each foam system shall be designed so that it can be activated by one manual action and
locally controlled at the on-off switch.
In addition, automatic provisions shall be furnished with the system. The system shall be
automatically initiated by 2oo2 voting signal from low temperature spill detectors and flame
detectors.
Once the required foam depth is achieved, the system can be operated manually and
intermittently using the local on-off switch to maintain the foam depth.
4.9 Fixed Dry Chemical Extinguishing System
4.9.1 Application
Dry chemical system shall be provided for storage vent stacks/relief valve system on LNG
storage tanks.

The system shall have 100% spare capacity and shall be designed based on NFPA 17 and
Vendor's standard.
4.10 Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing System
4.10.1 Application
Carbon dioxide is primarily used in suppressing petroleum flammable liquids and electrical
fires. CO2 shall be used when the application of water or dry powder would be detrimental to
the equipment.
INERGEN system, in lieu of CO2 system, may be applied as an alternative fire
extinguishment on turbine enclosures in accordance with NFPA 2001 if it is effective as
verified by vendor at Early EPC Stage.
CO2 shall be used in either of the following:
- Portable and wheeled fire extinguishers, or
- Fixed total flooding systems (enclosure protection)
Fixed CO2 extinguishing systems shall be provided for compressor gas turbine enclosures.
Portable CO2 extinguishers shall be provided for enclosure for emergency diesel generation
system. These systems will be intermitted use and will be operated only for electrical power
backup or diesel generator test/maintenance.

CO2 systems shall be designed according to NFPA 12 or equivalent.

Where a total flooding system is fitted to an enclosure which can be entered, personnel shall
be protected by the following:
- Local alarms (both audible and visual)
- Lock-out valve
- Warning signs
Personnel entry to the protected area shall be only permitted when the related lock-out valve
is closed. The situation wherein the system cannot be operated by closing the lock-out valve
shall be notified locally and remotely in CCR by limit switch at the valve.
4.11 Portable Fire Extinguishers

Gas fires caused from LNG and LPG can only be extinguished by dry powder. Accordingly, no
carbon dioxide, water or foam extinguishers shall be required for outdoor protection.
The following types of fire extinguishers shall be located throughout the plant, where required.
In process areas, portable extinguishers shall be supplied and installed considering the
degree of hazards, accessibility, etc., as guided below.
- BC portable extinguishers (potassium bicarbonate dry powder)
- BC wheeled extinguishers (potassium bicarbonate dry powder)
4.11.1 Arrangement Basis

(1) B:E type portable extinguisher (minimum rating of 80B:E)
The extinguishers shall be located at strategic points at grade and on the platforms of
structures with the maximum travel distance of 15 m in order to protect hydrocarbon
pumps, vessels etc. in process/common utility area and off plant areas.
(2) B:E type wheeled extinguisher (minimum rating of 160B:E)
The wheeled extinguisher shall be located at strategic points under the main pipe racks
in process area and near dangerous equipment such as compressor, firing equipment,
and on the LNG and LPG/condensate jetty deck, etc. Capacity of the extinguisher shall
be finalized at EPC Stage.
(3) A type Portable water extinguisher
The extinguishers shall be stored at fire station for fighting Class A fire. Class A, paper or
wood fire, generally occur in the building.
4.11.2 Installation
Portable fire extinguisher shall be installed in the following manner:
(1) Hand type extinguisher located along road or access way shall be installed with
suitable support.
(2) Hand type extinguisher located under pipe racks shall be installed on a wall-mounted
type bracket and be covered with a suitable vinyl sheet cover.
(3) Hand type extinguisher located on platforms shall be mounted on a hand rail bracket
with vinyl sheet cover.
(4) Wheeled extinguisher shall be of free-standing type and provided with vinyl sheet
cover.
(5) Portable dry chemical extinguishers for fighting small LNG/LPG gas fires shall be
installed in fire station with other miscellaneous equipment.
(6) Portable water extinguishers for fighting Class A fires fighting shall be installed in fire
station with other miscellaneous equipment.
5. INDOOR FIRE PROTECTION
(1) The building fire protection systems shall be provided in accordance with Building
Code of Australia (BCA).
(2) Building usage, building construction, fire compartment size, insurance requirements,
occupancy and business loss impact are the determining factors.
(3) For CCB and LIR in which valuable electrical equipment or instruments are located,
fixed gas-extinguishing systems, such as CO2 system, INERGEN system or FM200
system are normally considered. However, actuation of total flooding systems may be
dangerous to operators who happen to be therein. Thus, for Ichthys LNG Project, a
high sensitive smoke detection (HSSD) system, such as VESDA, shall be considered
instead of providing a fixed gas extinguishing system. Very early stages of a fire can
be detected with the system, and such early stages of a fire could be extinguished by
cutting the power supply to the unit and fighting the fire manually by using
portable/wheeled fire extinguishers. The radio communication building should be also
considered to be protected by fixed fire protection system with low hazard to
personnel, such INERGEN system, and/or HSSD system for detection.
(4) Automatic water sprinkler systems should be considered for the Main Workshop
and/or Warehouse, if required by applicable code/regulation for the stored material.
HSSD is not suitable for cellulose or oil fires, as the fire will grow rapidly after ignition.
(5) Indoor hydrants and indoor hose reels, according to Australian regulation, shall be
provided for CCB, the Administration Building, Maintenance Workshop, Warehouse,
Canteen and Fire Station. These hydrants will not be provided for the Control
Buildings and Substations because the use of water in these areas may damage
sensitive electrical and control equipment.
(6) Portable fire extinguishers will also be generally provided in all buildings. The type of
extinguisher shall be suitable for the type of fire anticipated. For example, CO2
portable extinguishers should be provided in CCB, Main Substation, LIR, and LER,
where electrical equipment is located. BE type portable extinguishers should be
provided for buildings where oil and/or flammable chemicals are stored. For other
areas like offices, corridors, kitchen, clinic, toilets, locker/shower and HVAC rooms,
ABE type portable extinguishers should be provided. The location and selection of the
extinguisher shall be in accordance with Australian regulation.
6. MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT
The following miscellaneous firefighting equipment shall be provided, as a minimum, to aid

trained personnel in case of an incident/emergency. The location to be stored shall be
finalized at EPC Stage.
6.1 Personnel Protection

(1) Stretchers to allow safe and secure carriage for injured personnel
(2) Self-contained breathing apparatus for personnel respiratory protection in harsh
environment such as smoke-filled areas, toxic atmospheric conditions (air containing
harmful amounts of H2S, CO2, etc.). Air compressor for recharging of air, spare
cylinder, and Air Tester are also required.
(3) Portable gas detectors for detecting toxic gases present in the air
(4) Full safety gear for personnel’s protection during fire fighting operations
(5) First aid kits for immediate treatment of personnel injuries
(6) Life Bouy and life jacket at Jetty
(7) Resuscitator and Electrical Shock Kit
(8) Knife, Hacksaw, Axe, Fire Hock, Torch, Crowbar
(9) Fire Blanket
(10) Wind Sock at Strategic location
(11) Tank Rescue Kit
(12) Chemical Spill Suits
(13) Escape Kit for H2S
(14) Confirmed Space entry and Rescue equipment with Cabinet
6.2 Mobile Firefighting Equipment

(1) Fire trucks as the main vehicle for firefighting operations
(2) Emergency commander car
(3) Ambulances for transporting injured personnel to medical facilities
(4) Trailer-mounted high expansion units
(5) Portable low expansion foam units
(6) Foam trailer
(7) Portable water monitors and Portable Wheeled water monitors
(8) Pressure Regulating Valve

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COMPANY DOC. No. L790-AF-PHI-0001 REV.

JKC DOC. No. S-0790-1241-0001 E

ICHTHYS ONSHORE LNG FACILITIES

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION PHILOSOPHY

REV. DATE ISSUE PURPOSE PREPARED CHECKED APPROVED

B 05-Jun-09 IFD T.Matsuo Y.Nomoto Y.Nomoto

C 25-Sep-10 IFD T.Matsuo Y.Nomoto Y.Nomoto

D 21-Dec-10 IFD (as per Building Relocation) T.Matsuo Y.Nomoto Y.Nomoto

E 16-Sep-11 IFR (EPC) T.Miyashita Y.Hiroya Y.Hiroya

2. GENERAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES ..................................................................8

3. FIRE WATER SUPPLY, PUMPING SYSTEM, AND DISTRIBUTION............17

3.5.2 Fire Main Hydraulic Calculation......................................................................24

4. OUTDOOR FIRE PROTECTION ...................................................................25

5. INDOOR FIRE PROTECTION .......................................................................36

6. MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT ..................................................................36

Table 1. HSE Design Related Documents

Plant Facilities Layout L290-AH-PHI-0004 Plant Layout Philosophy

L290-AX-BOD-0001 Basis of Design for Piping Engineering

L790-AL-PHI-0001 Fireproofing Philosophy

Isolation DEV-OPS-PH-0005 Ichthys Onshore Mechanical Isolation

Drainage L750-AP-PHI-0001 Drainage and Treatment Philosophy

1.3 Applicable Specification and Standards

1.3.1 Contractors Documents

1.3.2 Company Documents

1.3.3 Australian & International Codes and Standards

(2) National Fire Protection Association Codes

(3) American Petroleum Institute (API)

z EIS : Environmental Impact Statement

2. GENERAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES

2.2 One Fire Risk Philosophy

2.3 Active Fire Protection Zone (AFP Zone)

2.4 Minimal Manpower

2.5 Actuation of Fire Fighting System

The items Automatic/Manual

Water curtain system (Incinerator in LNG Train) Automatic actuation

The items Automatic/Manual

2.6 Local Assistance for Fire Fighting

2.7 Methodology for Active Fire Protection Design

Methodology for Active Fire Protection Design

Main deliverables which show

Define Fire Zone

Design Firewater pump and

What are the objects - Consolidated hazardous

What is impact on the jet - Fire and Explosion Risk

How is fire fighting - Typical installation drawing

FIG.2 METHODOLOGY FOR DESIGNING ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION

2.8 Hazards around the plant

2.8.1 Process Area

Equipment/structure cooling by water application is essential to prevent them from being

2.8.2 Gas inlet facilities Area

(3) Pool Fire

2.8.3 LNG Jetty Area

2.8.4 LPG/Condensate Jetty Area

(2) Pool Fire

2.8.5 LNG Storage Tank Area

2.8.6 LPG Storage Tank Area

2.8.7 Condensate Storage Tank Area

2.8.8 Common Utility / Utility Annex

2.8.9 Open Ground Flare Knock Out Drum Area

2.8.10 Operation Complex

3. FIRE WATER SUPPLY, PUMPING SYSTEM, AND DISTRIBUTION

3.2 Fire Water Source