Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter Four
Hardware for Educators
Chapter Objectives
3
The System Unit
• System unit
– Boxlike case that houses
the electronic components
a computer uses to process
data
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Data Representation
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Data Representation
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Data Representation
• ASCII
– American Standard Code for Information Interchange
– Converting a keyboard stroke into a byte
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The Components of the System Unit
• The Motherboard
– Contains many of the electronic components
– Chip
• A small piece of semiconducting material usually no bigger
than one-half-inch square and is made up of many layers of
circuits and microscopic components that carry electronic
signals
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The Components of the System Unit
• CPU
– Interprets and carries out the basic instructions that
operate a computer
– Microprocessor manages most of a computer’s
operations
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The Components of the System Unit
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The Components of the System Unit
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The Components of the System Unit
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The Components of the System Unit
• Memory
– Used to store data and instructions
• The operating system and other system software
• Application software
• Data being processed by application programs
– Bytes are stored at specific locations or addresses
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The Components of the System Unit
• Memory
– Size of memory is measured by the number of bytes
available
– Volatile memory – contents are lost when the
computer is turned off
– Nonvolatile memory – contents are not lost when the
computer is turned off
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The Components of the System Unit
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The Components of the System Unit
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The Components of the System Unit
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The Components of the System Unit
• Read-Only Memory
(ROM)
– Cannot be modified
– Contents not lost when
the computer is turned
off
• Flash Memory
– Type of nonvolatile
memory that can be
erased electronically and
rewritten on
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The Components of the System Unit
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The Components of the System Unit
• Removable Memory
Devices
– Flash memory cards
– USB flash drives
– PC Cards
– ExpressCard modules
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The Components of the System Unit
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The Components of the System Unit
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What is Input?
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What are Input Devices?
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What are Input Devices?
• The Keyboard
– Typing area
– Numeric keypad
– Toggle keys
– Status lights
– Arrow keys - arrow control keys
– Function keys
– Specialized buttons
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What are Input Devices?
• Pointing Devices
– An input device that allows you to control a pointer on
the screen
• Block arrow
• I-beam
• Pointing hand
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What are Input Devices?
• Pointing Devices
– Mouse
• One or two button mouse
• Scroll wheel
• Moving the mouse pointer
• Clicking
• Dragging
• Double-clicking
• Optical mouse
• Wireless mouse
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What are Input Devices?
36
What are Input Devices?
• Pointing Devices
– Trackball
• Like a mouse, but the ball
mechanism is on top
• Requires frequent
cleaning
• Good when you have
limited desk space
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What are Input Devices?
• Pointing Devices
– Joystick
• Uses the movement of a vertical lever
• Often used with games
– Wheel
• Steering-wheel type input device
• Used to simulate driving a car or other vehicle
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What are Input Devices?
• Pointing Devices
– Touch and multi-touch
screens
• Monitor has a touch
sensitive panel
• Used to issue simple
commands or choose from
a list of options
• Some models of desktop
and notebook computers,
all tablet computers, and
many mobile devices have
touch screens
• Kiosks 39
What are Input Devices?
• Optical Scanners
– Captures an entire page of text or images such as
photographs or artwork electronically
– Converts the text or image on the original document
into digital data that can be stored on a storage
medium and processed by the computer
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What are Input Devices?
• Pen Input
– Users write, draw, and
tap on a flat surface to
enter input
– Stylus – small metal or
plastic device that
looks like a tiny ink pen
but uses pressure
instead of ink
– Digital pen – slightly
larger than a stylus and
provides more
functionality
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What are Input Devices?
• Digital Cameras
– Allows you to take pictures and store the photographed images
digitally
– Download, or transfer, pictures to your computer
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What are Input Devices?
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What are Input Devices?
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What are Input Devices?
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What is Output?
• Text
• Graphics
• Audio
• Video
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What are Output Devices?
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What are Output Devices?
• Display Devices
– Screen housed in a plastic or metal case
– Variety of sizes
– Cathode ray tube (CRT)
– Pixels
– Flat-panel displays
• LCD (liquid crystal display) monitors
• LCD screens
• Plasma monitors
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What are Output Devices?
• Plasma Monitors
– Some can measure more than
150 inches wide
– Uses gas plasma technology,
which sandwiches a layer of gas
between two glass plates
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What are Output Devices?
• Monitor Quality
– Resolution (sharpness and clarity)
• Expressed as number of columns and rows
– 1600 x 1200
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What are Output Devices?
• Televisions
– iPad users can stream their
music, photos, and videos
wirelessly to a display device
using AppleTV and AirPlay
– With game consoles, such as
Microsoft’s Xbox 360,
Nintendo’s Wii, and Sony’s
PlayStation 3, the output
device often is a television
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What are Output Devices?
• Printers
– An output device that produces text and graphics on a
physical medium such as paper or transparency film
– Hard copy (printout)
– Portrait orientation vs. landscape orientation
– Printing requirements vary
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What are Output Devices?
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What are Output Devices?
• Nonimpact Printers
– Do not strike paper
– Much quieter
– Ink-jet printers
• Spray tiny drops of ink
onto the paper
• Both black-and-white and
color
– Photo printers
• Produce photo lab quality
pictures
• Many use ink-jet
technology
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What are Output Devices?
• Nonimpact Printers
– Laser printers
• High-speed, high-quality
nonimpact printer
• Very high quality
resolution
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What are Output Devices?
• Data Projectors
– Allows an audience to view output
– LCD projectors
– Digital light processing (DLP) projector
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What are Output Devices?
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What are Output Devices?
• Multifunction Devices
– Can print, scan, copy and
fax
– Less space
– Lower cost than separate
units
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What are Output Devices?
• Interactive whiteboards
– Touch-sensitive device,
resembling a dry-erase board
– A presenter controls the
computer program used to
display the image by:
• Clicking a remote control
• Touching the whiteboard
• Drawing on or erasing the
whiteboard
• Writing on a special tablet
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What are Output Devices?
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What is Storage?
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Storage Media and Devices
• Storage medium
– Also called secondary storage
– Physical material
• Storage device
– Mechanism used to record and retrieve these items to
and from a storage medium
– Capacity measured in megabytes or gigabytes
63
Storage Media and Devices
• Magnetic Disk
– Uses magnetic patterns to
store data, instructions, and
information on the disk’s
surface
– Formatting is the process of
preparing a disk for reading
and writing by organizing the
disk into storage locations
called tracks and sectors
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Storage Media and Devices
• Hard Disks
– Provide large storage
capacity
– Sizes range from 320 GB to
1.5 TB
– Consists of several
inflexible, circular disks,
called platters
– Magnetic storage device
– Formatting
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Storage Media and Devices
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Storage Media and Devices
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Storage Media and Devices
• Optical discs
– Type of storage medium that consists of a flat, round,
portable disc made of metal, plastic, and lacquer that
is written to and read from using a laser
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Storage Media and Devices
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Storage Media and Devices
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Storage Media and Devices
• CD-ROM
– Compact disc read-only
memory
– Can contain text, graphics,
video, as well as sound
– Can hold up to 1 GB
– Used to distribute software
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Storage Media and Devices
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Storage Media and Devices
• DVD and BD
– Digital video disc read-only memory (DVD-ROM)
• Can store from 4.7 GB to 17 GB
• High quality
• DVD-ROM drives
– BD (Blu-ray Disc) has storage capacities of 100GB, with
expectations of exceeding 200 GB
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Storage Media and Devices
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Storage Media and Devices
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Storage Media and Devices
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Storage Media and Devices
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Chapter Summary
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Teachers Discovering Computers
Integrating Technology in a Changing World