Geometry

Name: _____________________________
Unit 6: Probability
42-1 Notes: The Multiplication Rule (Independent Events) Mods: ________ Date: ________________

The events A and B are independent if and only if 𝑷 𝑨 ∩ 𝑩 = 𝑷 𝑨 ∙ 𝑷(𝑩).

Example 1
Suppose that you will flip a coin and that you will roll a cube with faces numbered 1 through 6.

a) Are the events “the coin lands heads up” and “the cube shows a 6” independent or dependent?



b) What is the probability that the coin will land heads up and the coin will show a six? Show your work.





Two events A and B are independent if 𝑃 𝐴 𝐵 = 𝑃(𝐴) and 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 = 𝑃(𝐵).

Sometimes you cannot tell if two events are independent by just their description.
To determine if two events are independent, find each probability above, then compare. If they are
equal, then they are independent. If they are NOT equal, then they are dependent.

Example 2
When a house selected from Hector Street, the probability that the house has gas-fired central heating is
0.25, the probability that the house has off-street parking is 0.76, and the probability that the house has
both gas-fired central heating and off-street parking is 0.19. Let G be the event that a house has gas-fired
central heating and F be the event that it has off-street parking.
a) Draw a Venn diagram to represent this b) Are the events G and F independent? Show
information. calculations that lead to your conclusion.

G F







Example 3
Suppose that you roll a cube with faces numbered 1 through 6. Let E be the event that the cube shows an
even number. Let F be the event that the cube shows a number greater than 2. Let G be the event that the
cube shows a number greater than 3.
a) Find 𝑃(𝐸). b) Find 𝑃(𝐸 𝐹) c) Find 𝑃(𝐸 𝐺)




d) Are E and F independent? e) Are E and G independent?

Example 4
Coco Trust’s cranes are categorized as shown in the table below.

Suppose that a crane is selected at random.
Find 𝑃(𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒) and 𝑃(𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑦). Are the events
“is male” and “is a Stanley crane” in this population
independent?






Example 5
When a student is selected at random from Annabel High School, let G be the event that the student’s
average grade is over 90 and let S be the event that the student lives in the southern part of town. You are
given that 𝑃 𝐺 = 0.29, 𝑃 𝑆 = 0.42, and that G and S are independent events.

a) When a student is selected at random from Annabel High School, what is the probability that the
student has an average grade over 90 and lives in the southern part of town?




b) When a student is selected at random from Annabel High School, what is the probability that the
student has an average grade over 90 or lives in the southern part of town? (Use Addition Rule!)






1) A game machine claims that 1 in every 15 people win. What is the probability that you win twice in a
row?




2) In a survey 9 out of 11 men and 4 out of every 7 women said they were satisfied with a product. If the
next 3 customers are 2 women and a man, what is the probability that they will be satisfied?




3) A bag contains 3 red marbles, 7 white marbles, and 5 blue marbles. You draw 3 marbles, REPLACNG
each one before you drawn the next. Find the indicated probability.

a) red, then a blue, then a white marble b) a red, then a red, then a blue marble