Ratios

• A ratio is a comparison of
two numbers.
o Example: Tamara has 2 dogs and
8 fish. The ratio of dogs to
fish can be written in three
different ways.

*** Be careful with the fraction ratios – they don’t

always have identical meanings to other fractions***
• There are two different
types of ratios
o .Part-to-Part Ratios
▪ Example: Tamara’s dogs to cats
is 2 to 8 or 1 to 4

o .Part –to-Whole Ratios

▪ Example: Tamara’s dogs to total
pets is 2 to 10 or 1 to 5
 Try the
Apples to following
Oranges to
bananas apples
• There are 12 • There are 15
apples and 3 oranges and 12
bananas apples
• So the ratio of • So the ratio of
apples to 4 oranges to 5
bananas is 1 apples is 4
4:1, 4 to 1, 5:4, 5 to 4,
OR OR
 A large bouquet of flowers is made
up of 18 roses, 16 daisies, and 24
irises. Write each ratio in all
three forms in simplest form.
Identify which ratios are part-to-
part and which ratios are part-to-
1. Roses to iriswhole.
2. Iris to daisies
18 to 24 24 to 16
3 to 4 3 to 2
3. Daisies to 4. all flowers to
roses
16 to 18 roses
58 to 8
8 to 9 29 to 9
9

29
Explain why the ratio
9
is not written as a mixed number:

• The ratio is comparing two

number. If you changed it to
a mixed number it would no
longer be a comparison. This
is why fraction ratios are
tricky
 Comparing Ratios
• Compare ratios by writing in
simplest form
o Are these ratios equivalent?
250 Kit Kats to 4 M&M’s and 500 Kit Kats
to 8 M&M’s 250 500
= 62.5 = = 62.5
4 8

o 12 out of 20 doctors agree and 12 out

of 30 doctors agree 12 3 12 2
8 80 = ≠ =
= 20 5 30 5
10 100
o The ratio of students in Ms. B’s classes
that had HW was 8 to 10 and 80% of Mrs.
Long’s class had HW
 Which ratio shows the ratio of 2 fish to 3 bear?

A
B
C
D
E
 Which ratio shows the ratio of 1
soccer ball to 3 basketball?

A
B
C
D
E
 Which ratio shows the ratio of 3
butterflies to 1 apple?

A
B
C

D
E
 Three Ways to Write a
Ratio
The ratio of 3 boys to 5 girls
can be written as:

a) 3 to 5
b) 3: 5
3
c)
5
Equal ratios are like
equivalent fractions.
They name the same
quantity.
Examples of Equal Ratios:
3 6 3 75
= =
5 10 4 100
Two equal ratios form
a proportion.
 In a proportion the
product of the means is
equal to product of the
extremes.
3 : 5 = 6 : 10

Means

Extremes
 3 6
=
5 10
Means Extremes

6 x 5 = 3 x 10
30 = 30
Determine if the following
are proportions.
1) 5 60 8 4
= =
2)

3 36 15 8
 5 60 8 4
= =
3 36 15 8
3 x 60 = 5 x 36 4 x 15 = 8 x 8
180 = 180 60  64
Yes, it is a proportion. No, it is not a proportion.
Ratio and proportion – A SATs question

Mari is the presenter of a weekly radio show.

She plays five new songs for every two old songs.
Last week she played 15 new songs.
How many songs did she play altogether?
Ratio and proportion

Mari is the presenter of a weekly radio show.

She plays five new songs for every two old songs.
Last week she played 15 new songs.
How many songs did she play altogether?
Ratio and proportion

Mari is the presenter of a weekly radio show.

five new : two old

15 new : ?
Ratio and proportion

Mari is the presenter of a weekly radio show.

5 new : 2 old
15 new : ?
Ratio and proportion

Mari is the presenter of a weekly radio show.

5:2

15 : ?
Ratio and proportion

Mari is the presenter of a weekly radio show.

5:2
X3
15 : ?
Ratio and proportion

Mari is the presenter of a weekly radio show.

5:2
X3 X3
15 : 6
Ratio and proportion

Mari is the presenter of a weekly radio show.

How many songs did she play altogether?

She played 6 old songs and 15 new songs.

Ratio and proportion

Mari is the presenter of a weekly radio show.

How many songs did she play altogether?

She played 21 songs altogether.

 Ratio and proportion – Another SATs question

Here is a recipe for raspberry ice cream.

This recipe is for 8 people. Josie makes enough raspberry ice cream for 12 people.
How much cream does she use?
Fred makes raspberry ice cream in the same way. He uses 2½ kg of raspberries.
How much sugar does he use?
Proportions
• Two quantities are proportional if they have a constant ratio
or unit rate.
• You can determine proportionality by comparing ratios
o Andrew earns $18 per hour for mowing lawns. Is the amount he
earns proportional to the number of hours he spends mowing?
• Make a table to show these amounts
Earnings ($) 18 36 54 72
Time (h) 1 2 3 4
• For each number of hours worked, write the relationship of the
amount he earned and hour as a ratio in simplest form.
• Are all the rates equivalent?
Since each rate simplifies to 18, they are all equivalent. This means the
amount of money Andrew earns is proportional to the number of hours
he spends mowing.
o Uptown Tickets charges $7 per baseball game ticket plus $2
processing fee per order. Is the cost of an order proportional to
the number of tickets ordered?
• Make a table to show these amounts
Cost ($) 10 17 24 31
Tickets Ordered 1 2 3 4
• For each number of tickets, write the relationship of the cost of the
and the number of tickets ordered.

• Are all the rates equivalent?

The rates are not equivalent. This means the total cost of the tickets
is not proportional to the number of tickets sold.
o Use the recipe to make fruit punch. Is the amount of sugar used
proportional to the amount of mix used? Explain.
Cups of Sugar ½ 1 1½ 2
Envelopes of Mix 1 2 3 4
• Yes, they all reduce to ½

o In July, a paleontologist found 368 fossils at a dig. In August, she

found about 14 fossils per day.
• Is the number of fossils the paleontologist found in August proportional
to the number of days she spent looking for fossils that month?
No, July average 11.87 fossils per day
Solving Proportions
• A proportion is two
equivalent ratios
• When solving proportions we
Amust first
lemonade recipe ask
calls for ½ ourselves
cup of mix –If Jeff
for every quart of water.
wanted to make a gallon of lemonade, is 2 cups of mix proportional for this
“What are we recipe? comparing
1/ 2 2
= YES
1 4

Determine if the following ratios are proportional?

10 20 No, 340 ≠ 270 3 9 Yes, 72 = 72
and and
17 27 8 24
 b.

• Proportionality can also be determined between two ratios

c.
by simplifying or comparing their cross products
• If they reduce to the same ratio, or their cross products are
the same, then they are proportional
• You can also solve proportions for a missing variable by
cross multiplying.
o Example: Determine if the two ratios are proportional:
6 8 4 3 2 10
and and and
9 12 10 8 7 15

Yes 72 = 72 No 32 = 30 No 30 = 70
o Example: Determine the value of x: 6 36
=
10 x
x = 60
o Example: A stack of 2,450 one-dollar bills weighs five pounds.
How much do 1,470 one-dollar bills weigh?
▪ Set up a proportion – ask ourselves “what are we comparing?”
bills 2450 1470 3 pounds
=
pounds 5 x
o Example: Whitney earns $206.25 for 25 hours of work. At this rate,
how much will Whitney earn for 30 hours of work?
$ 206.25 x
= $247.50
hours 25 30
▪ How much does Whitney earn per hour? $8.25 per hour
 Corresponding sides of Similar
Triangles have the same ratio.

Corresponding Angles of Similar

Triangles have congruent angles
Triangle Triangle
A
D

A is similar to D
 E

A C
D F
AB BC AC <A <D <C  <F
= =
DE EF EF <B  <E
 D
A

4 5
x y
C 3 B

F 6 E

Use a proportion to find x and y.

 AC CB CB AB
= =
DF FE FE DE
4 3 3 5
= 6
=
y
x 6
4  6 = 3 x 3 y = 5 6
24 = 3x 3 y = 30
24 3x 3y 30
= =
3 3 3 3
y = 10
8= x
Another type of special
ratio is a constant ratio or
rate.
Distance = rate x time
is an example of a constant
ratio.
Time 1 2 3 4

Distance 60 120 180 240

 d=rxt

300
250
distance

200
150
100
50
0
1 2 3 4
time