Tense

Politeknik META Industri - English

 • Present
Tenses • Past
• Future
Verbal Sentence: Kalimat yang mengandung verb (kata kerja)
Ex: go, sleep, cook, went, slept, cooked, ….

Nominal Sentence : Kalimat yang tidak mengandung kata kerja

asli atau berbentuk complement berupa Kt. Sifat, kt benda, kt.
Keterangan)
Ex : crazy, student, at home

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 To be
1. Digunakan untuk kata kerja
jikalau suatu kalimat tidak
memiliki kata kerja asli
He is not at home now.
You are lazy.
2. Digunakan untuk membantu kata kerja asli untuk
membentuk makna baru dari kerja, berperan sebagai
auxiliary verb
you are studying now. (menunjukkan arti sedang)
The dog was killed by Herman. (was menunjukkan kata pasif)
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 Auxiliary Verb

1.Do : Berfungsi untuk membentuk kalimat Tanya, kalimat negative

dan kalimat sopan
•Do you smoke?
• She didn’t go to school yesterday.
•Do come in! (silahkan masuk!)
2. Have : membentuk makna ‘sudah’ atau bentuk ‘perfect’ pada kata
kerja asli
•have you done your homework?
•I had turned the light off before I went out last night

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 • Simple present tense :
kebiasaan
• Present Continuous Tense :
Sedang sekarang
Present • Present perfect tense :
sudah sekarang

• Present perfect Continuous tense :

sudah sampai sekarang

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 Simple Present Tense : Kebiasaan
untuk menyatakan suatu kebiasaan atau kegiatan yang berulang, kebenaran umum,
keadaan /kejadian umum

Verbal Sentences
(+) They, we, I, You + Verb1
We go to campus every day
(-) They, we, I, You + don’t + Verb1
We do not go to campus every day
(?) Do + They, we, I, You + Verb1 + ?
Do We go to campus every day
(+) She, he, it + Verb(s/es)
The sun rises in the east
(-) She, he, it + doesn’t + Verb1
The sun does not rise in the east
(?) Does + she, he, it + Verb1 + ?
Does the sun rise in the east?

Nominal Sentences
(+) S + are / am / is + Kt. Sifat/ kt. Benda / kt. Keterangan
(-) S + are / am / is + not + Kt. Sifat/ kt. Benda / kt. Keterangan
(?) are / am/ is + S + Kt. Sifat/ kt. Benda / kt. Keterangan+ ?
She is at home
She is not at home Every day, every month, always, usually, often,
Is she at home? sometimes, rarely, seldom, never, on Sundays
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 Present Continuous Tense : Sedang Sekarang

Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang

dilakukan/ terjadi sekarang, kegiatan yang akan
dikerjakan segera, suatu kegiatan yang pasti akan
dilakukan dimasa yang akan datang

(+) S + are / am / is + Verb(ing)

(-) S + are / am / is + not + Verb(ing)
(?) are / am/ is + S + Verb(ing)+ ?
I am Studying English now.
Time signal :
Now, at the present, at the moment, today.
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 Present Perfect Tense :Sudah Sekarang
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang telah selesai di lakukan
sekarang dan kegiatan yang hasilnya/dampaknya masih
bisa dirasakan sampai sekarang.

(+) They, we, I, You + have + Verb3
I have been here since seven o’clock
(-) They, we, I, You + haven’t + Verb3
I have not visited Mexico
(?) Have + They, we, I, You + Verb3 + ?
Have you ever visited America?
(+) She, he, it + has + Verb3
Linda has slept for 3 hours
(-) She, he, it + hasn’t + Verb3
Linda has not slept for 3 hours
(?) Has+ she, he, it + Verb3 + ?
Has Linda slept for 3 hours?

Time signal :
Recently, just, already, yet, since(since 1998,
since last week), for (selama: for two days)
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Present Perfect Continuous Tense : Sudah Sampai Sekarang

Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang telah terjadi

dan masih berlangsung sampai sekarang/
pada saat pembicara sedang berbicara.

(+) S + have / has + been + Verb(ing)

(-) S + have / has + not + been + Verb(ing)
(?) has / have + S + been + Verb(ing) + ?
Mike has been sleeping for 3 hours.
Time signal :
Since (sejak): since yesterday, since this morning.
For (selama) : for years, for five months, for two days
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 Past Tense : Lampau

Past Continuous Tense : Sedang Lampau

Past
Past perfect Tense : Sudah Lampau

Past Perfect Continuous Tense : Sudah sampai Lampau

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 Past Tense : Lampau
untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang terjadi pada masa
lampau
(+) S + Verb2
Melisa sang romantic song yesterday
(-) S + didn’t + Verb1
Melisa did not sing romantic song yesterday
(?) Did + S + Verb1 +?
Did Melisa sing romantic song Yesterday?

Time signals: yesterday, last night, last month, ago, at that

time, in the early time, in 1945, when, etc.

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 Past Continuous Tense : Sedang Lampau
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang
sedang berlangsung pada waktu tertentu pada masa
lampau.
(+) S + was/were + Verbing
(-) S + was/were + not + Verbing
(?) was / were + S + Verbing +?
• I was sleeping when you called me last night.
• While she was walking to school yesterday she met her
boyfriend.

Time signals:
when (ketika), while (disaat,sementara, sambil),
at 9 p.m. last night, etc.
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Past perfect Tense : Sudah Lampau
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian telah
selesai ketika kejadian lain terjadi.

(+) S + had + Verb3

(-) S + had + not + Verb3
(?) Had + s + Verb3 +?
I had taken a bath before I went to campus

Time signals: before, after

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Past Perfect Continuous Tense : Sudah sampai Lampau
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sudah
berlangsung beberapa lama tetapi masih terus berlangsung ketika
kejadian lain terjadi dimasa lampau.

(+) S + had been + Verbing

(-) S + had not been+ Verbing
(?) Had + S + been + Verbing+?
(+) He had been studying English for 5 years before he went to USA to
study there.
Dia sudah belajar Bhs Inggri selama 5 tahun sebelum dia pergi ke Amerika utk belajar

(+) We had been waiting for hours when the concert began last night.
Kita sudah menunggu berjam-jam ketika konser dimulai tadi
malam.

• Time signals: before, after, when

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 Future
• Simple Future Tense : Akan
• Future Continuous Tense : Akan Sedang
• Future Perfect Tense : Akan Sudah Selesai
• Future Perfect Continuous : Akan Sudah
berkelanjutan
• Past Future : akan di waktu lampau

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 Simple Future Tense : Akan
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang akan
dilakukan pada masa yang akan datang.
(+) S + will/shall + Verb1
(-) S + will/shall + not + Verb1
(?) will/shall + S + Verb1 +?
She will ------> She’ll
(+) You’ll go to Jakarta tomorrow. He will not -> He won’t
(-) He won’t buy something. We shall------> we’ll
I shall not----> I shan’t

Time signals:
tomorrow, next……, next month, next week, the following day,
this evening, tonight, then, later, two days later, …

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 Future Continuous Tense : Akan Sedang
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang akan
sedang dilakukan pada waktu tertentu dimasa yang akan
datang.

(+) S + will/shall + be + Verbing

(-) S + will/shall + not + be + Verbing
(?) will / shall + S + Verbing +?

(+) I will be loving you forever

(+) I will be waiting for you at 7 o’clock tomorrow morning

• Time signals:
at this time tomorrow, at six o’clock tomorrow morning,
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 Future Perfect Tense : Akan Sudah Selesai

• Menyatakan kegiatan yang akan sudah selesai

terjadi dimasa akan datang.
S + will/shall + have + V3 + by + ket waktu
I will have finished my homework by the time you
get back
I will have been teaching for twenty years next
year

By : di sini artinya pada / di saat

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Future Perfect Continuous : Akan Sudah berkelanjutan

• Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang

telah akan berlangsung beberapa lama dan terus
berlangsung sampai masa yang akan datang.
S + will/shall + have + been + Ving
We’ll have been studying for 3 years when we have our
examination next year.
=> Ketika menghadapi ujian akhir nanti kita sudah belajar
selama 3 tahun tapi proses belajarnya masih
berlangsung/belum selesai

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Past Future : akan di waktu lampau
S + would / should + V1 + ………

I would come to your house but it rained

yesterday.

Politeknik META Industri - English

 Summary
Kejadian / Simple Continuous perfect Perfect
Waktu continuous
Present/ saat V-1 (s/es) Is/am/are +V- Have/ has + Have/has +
ini ing V3 been + V-ing
Past / lampau V2 Was/were + V- Had + V3 Had been + V-
ing ing
Future / akan Will/shall + V- will/shall + be Will/shall + Will/shall +
1 + V-ing have + V-3 been + V-ing
Past future Would / Would/should Would/should Would/should
should +V-1 +be + V-ing + have + V-3 + have + been
+ V-ing

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