TUTO 6 BR

ATHIRAH BINTI JAMALUDIN (UDE190161) SEC 3

1. Exploratory, descriptive and explanatory (causal) research design.

i. Exploratory: qualitative, form basis for further research, surface key issues and
subject with little prior knowledge and research.
ii. Descriptive: aim to describe, with higher accuracy and precision, and usually
quantitative.
iii. Causal: explanatory or predictive, cause and effect relationship among variables.
2. Elements in research proposal
i. Title of the study: It should be brief and concise and able to make readers have a
quick understanding of what the study is all about.
ii. Table of content: A nicely laid out table of content will really complement the
research proposal in which it will make the document more useful and user friendly
to the reader.
iii. Abstract/Executive summary: An important component of the research proposal as
it summarises the entire research proposal, especially the most integral parts like
the purpose of the study, the research question, the rationale for the study, the
hypothesis and the research design.
iv. Introduction: Introduces the reader to the proposed study. It usually comprises the
background of the study, the problem statement, research objectives and research
questions.
v. Literature review: This section should be called brief literature review or preliminary
literature review as it is a “work-in-progress”.
vi. Theoretical framework and hypothesis: Theoretical framework diagrammatically
depict the relationship between all the variables that were found to be integral to
the study from an exhaustive literature review.
vii. Research methodology: Under this section, we explain briefly what our plans in
conducting the study.
viii. Significance of research: How the study can contribute to research.
ix. Time frame: The length of time that we expect to carry out the research study from
the beginning to its completion.
 x. Budget: Breakdown of the costs that are expected to be incurred in conducting the
research from the beginning to the end. This might include allowances to Research
Assistant (RA), preparation of questionnaires, cost of travelling etc.
xi. Conclusion: End our research proposal with some final conclusions of the topic
under study.
xii. List of references: A listing of all the citations that were used in the preparation of
the research proposal.