DEGRADATION, REPLACEMENT, AND

DISPOSAL

Cutting fluids degrade over time due to contaminants

entering the lubrication system. A common type of
degradation is the formation of tramp oil, also known as
sump oil, which is unwanted oil that has mixed with cutting
fluid. Skimmers are used to separate the tramp oil from the
coolant. It was common for the machine shops to dispose
of their metalworking fluids as soon as they showed signs
of degradation and decreased performance.
Effective programs can keep metal-working fluid as
clean as the initial raw product, significantly prolonging its
service life. Facilities may represent a savings of 15 to 50
per cent by implementing a thorough fluid management
program. Castrol company offers manufacturers an easy-
to-use and reliable way of achieving consistent system
stability and operational performance on their very own
premises. This company developed a system for real-time
monitoring for water-miscible fluids.
If the waste fluid is hazardous the major waste treatment
and disposal options are contract hauling, chemical
treatment, ultrafiltration, and evaporation. Method of
disposal depends on volume generated, waste
composition, availability and cost of options.
Dilution was once regarded as sufficient treatment and
most wastes were disposed of by emptying them directly
into the nearest sewer or stream. With the advent of the
Clean Water Act and the Environmental Protection
Agency, such practices are restricted.
In general, there are three components of a successful
fluid management program:
+ Administration.
+ Fluid monitoring and maintainance.
+ Fluid recycling.

Fluid monitoring and maintainance:- A fluid must be

monitored to anticipate problems. Important aspects of
fluid monitoring include system inspections and periodic
measurements of parameters such as concentration, ph,
etc.

Fluid Recycling:- Fluid recycling helps a lot in maintain

the environmental and human health. By recycling these
fluids, we make sure the least wastage of cutting oils,
proper disposal of the left part takes place.
 VARIOUS METHODS OF CUTTING OIL
DISPOSAL

o Contract hauling and disposal services.

Contract disposal services and contract hauling
costs are high and many large machine shops opt for
in plant waste treatment. Studies have shown that for
small volumes of waste (less than 200 gallons),
extremely complex or highly toxic wastes, it may be
cheaper to have it hauled away for chemical
treatment or incineration.

o Chemical treatment
Chemical treatment is the addition of chemicals
which change the nature of the liquid waste.
Elementary chemical treatment methods work well on
some wastewater.

o Ultrafication systems
Ultrafiltration systems were created for the
metalworking industry to treat such wastes as used
cutting fluids, detergents, parts-washer solutions, and
other oily wastewaters. Ultrafiltration systems are
usually better than chemical treatment, less
expensive than incineration and contract hauling,
easily operated and space efficient.
o Evaporators
Evaporators are generally considered suitable
for low volumes of waste, due to the enormous
amount of energy required to evaporate even a small
volume of material.

o Acid split
By adding a solution of 50% hydrochloric acid
solution, the ph of the fluid is lowered. Then we allow
the mixture to settle down. The oil and oil soluble
components are differentiated. Skim floats over oil
and is the disposable waste.

o Epsom salt
Firstly accumulating the fluid in a tank. In a tank
prepare 40% magnesium sulfate aqueous solution.
Now adding this to the fluid results in separation of oil
and soluble particles. The skim floats over the
solution. Which can be removed.

Whatever treatment method you choose, it is wise to

check with local state authorities to be sure the
treatment process and waste effluent you produce are
legally and economically acceptable.

o The proposal of methodology for in-line obtaining

electrochemical parameters of cutting fluid.
The parameters are based on measuring of :-

+ Temperature
+ Concentration
+ pH

by sensors placed in a cutting oil container. Sensors

for measuring pH, concentration and temperature will
be placed on cutting oil container. It communicates
with the computer network. Measuring of data will be
processed by the software.
Purposes of the in-line obtaining of physical and
chemical parameters of cutting oils:

+ Provide effective consumption of oils.

+ Alleviate environmental impact.
+ Alleviate economic costs.

Some other methods to recycle the cutting oils are –

flocculation, splitting, skimming, etc.
 CONCLUSIONS

Cutting oils play an important role in machining

operations and impact the productivity, tool life and
quality of work. With time and use, oils degrade in
quality and eventually require disposal once their
efficiency is lost. In addition to technical requirements,
aspects of toxicology will continue to exert an imp.
Influence on the development and formulation of
cutting oils. Of course, toxicologically and ecologically
questionable products must be excluded if they pose
any significant environmental and human health risk
under conditions of application. It also has to taken in
account that unnecessary restrictions may decrease
the performance of metal working.
As in today we have proper methods and
instruments for disposal of cutting oils and such
wastes. So the long term goal of waste treatment
legislation is the complete disposal of pollution. So the
manufacturers and workers should take care of
factors like degradation, disposal and recycling of
cutting oils. The benefit of exercising such controls
and practices will ultimately result in lesser
environmental contamination and will decrease the
harmfull effects on the human body and on other
organisms.