The classification of the heat exchangers and

theory research
Cite as: AIP Conference Proceedings 1839, 020028 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4982393
Published Online: 08 May 2017

Jian Liu

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AIP Conference Proceedings 1839, 020028 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4982393 1839, 020028

© 2017 Author(s).
 The Classification of the Heat Exchangers and Theory
Research
Jian Liua)

Department of energy and power engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
a)
Corresponding author: 903383390@qq.com

Abstract. The Heat Exchangers which could transfer the heat from hot fluid to cold fluid is used widely in industry. Article
describe the classification of the Heat Exchangers, according to the working principle, can be divided into the hybrid Heat
Exchangers, surface Heat Exchangers and regenerative Heat Exchangers three categories. The hybrid Heat Exchangers is
through direct mixed the hot and cold fluid to exchange heat. The surface Heat Exchangers uses a wall to separate the cold
and hot fluid to exchange heat. The regenerative Heat Exchangers make the cold and hot fluid flow through the same heat
transfer surface in turn to exchange heat. At same time, the factors which put effect in turn to performance of Heat
Exchanger are illustrated in this paper as well as the evaluating criterion, a new approach for the analysis of the Heat
Exchanger performance. Finally the article reviews the domestic research on Heat Exchanger of deficiencies in the process
of development, the domestic researches on the Heat Exchanger to put forward some further development prospect.

Key words: Heat Exchanger; Hybrid Heat; Surface Heat; Regenerative Heat; Exchange Heat

INTRODUCTION
Although the development of science and technology has brought great convenience to contemporary people, the
energy problem also makes the modern society into a huge crisis. Almost all countries in the world are looking for
new energy, at the same time, they also pay more attention to develop the energy-saving way. The heat exchanger
which can exchange the heat between hot and cold fluid, has been widely used in the petroleum, chemical, power and
the atomic energy industry. Many researchers devoted themselves to realizing the higher efficient and more energy-
saving of the heat exchanger. However, most previous studies introduce the heat exchanger beginning with the status
quo of heat exchanger. This paper, which from a new perspective, firstly introduces the classification of the heat
exchanger to the reader, secondly introduces the relevant theoretical research of heat exchanger and evaluates the
advantages and disadvantages of these methods, and finally puts forward some expectations to the study of heat
exchanger in china through the introduction of the research status of heat exchanger.

THE INTRODUCTION AND ANLYSIS OF HEAT EXCHANGER

The heat exchanger is an equipment which can exchange the heat from the hot fluid to the cold fluid. It concludes
two fluid, one temperature is higher, gives off heat; the other kind of fluid temperature is low, absorption of heat. Due
to the development of science and technology, the variety of heat exchanger emerge in endlessly, but it can be in
accordance with certain rules to distinguish. According to its function can be named, such as heat exchange equipment
such as condenser, evaporator, reheated, superheated, according to the characteristics of heat transfer components can
be divided into: tube and shell heat exchanger, finned tube heat exchanger, plate heat exchanger (including board)
plate heat exchanger and plate heat exchanger. According to the direction of hot fluid and cool fluid flow can be
divided into downstream type, counter-current type and mixed flow. For various types of heat exchanger improved

Materials Science, Energy Technology, and Power Engineering I

AIP Conf. Proc. 1839, 020028-1–020028-4; doi: 10.1063/1.4982393
Published by AIP Publishing. 978-0-7354-1509-6/$30.00

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heat transfer technology research, mainly concentrated in the fluid flow changes inside the heat exchanger and the
research on parameter optimization of components of two aspects, and the parameters of the main research object is
the heat exchange tube heat exchanger components (plate) arrangement (rows or fork), (plate) heat exchange tube row
number, heat exchange tube size (plate) spacing, fin spacing, fin shape, etc. Usually research methods include:
numerical simulation, experimental method, three kinds of theory research.

Classification of Heat Exchanger with Working Principle

The heat exchanger in the section of introduction, mentioned many classification methods of heat exchanger. In
order to let readers know more about the heat exchanger, this paper presents a classification of heat exchanger is the
most common, that is in accordance with the principle of classification. In accordance with the principle of
classification of heat exchanger can be divided into hybrid. The regenerative and partitioned three categories.
Mixed type heat exchanger is through direct contact with the cold and hot fluid, mixing heat exchanger heat
exchange, also called contact heat exchanger. The regenerative heat exchanger is cold and hot, and the two fluids flow
alternately in the same heat transfer surface to exchange heat. Recuperative heat exchanger is cold, heat body wall
were separated by heat exchanger. No direct contact with two kinds of fluid, the heat transfer through the wall.

Study of Heat Exchanger

In order to further study the principle of heat exchanger and improve the heat exchanger efficiency and achieve
maximum energy saving under study, and the input of many scientists, but the study is nothing more than a new type
heat exchanger manufacturing and numerical simulation of two categories.

Manufacture of New Type Heat Exchanger

Welded plate heat exchanger [1]: sealing welding structure to replace the rubber pad, the welding type and semi
welded plate heat exchanger, eliminating the temperature resistant gasket material corrosion, pressure limit. For
corrosive medium using plate heat exchanger, in recent years has also been greatly developed. Germany and Japan
cooperation a BAVARIA hybrid welded plate heat exchanger, the operating pressure from vacuum to 6MPa, the
operating temperature of 200~900ć, a single heat transfer area of F is 3~2000m2. Can be used for gas - gas, liquid
gas, and liquid-liquid heat transfer and steam condensation.
Pacino heat exchanger [2]:A plate heat exchanger with all parts welded and without sealing ring. It consists of the
pressure vessel shell and the heat transfer plate bundle, as shown in fig.1. The Pacino heat exchanger, since the
invention of the Application technology company in 1980, has been put into operation in the catalytic reforming unit
of Donges refinery in French, France, in 1982. In recent years, the diversity and application of structure have been
greatly expanded, has been applied to low pressure loss and the high degree of second feed must have a decentralized
situation.

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 FIGURE 1. Packinox heat exchanger

Lamella heat exchanger [3]: which is produced by Germany Company, Germany, as shown in fig.2. Each of its
components consists of two thin metal plates, welded together by plasma, forming a long, narrow flow path on the
edge, and a row of grooves in the direction of the metal sheet, These pieces of metal are welded together using
aohendian, which can increase turbulence and strengthen sheet strength to withstand high operating pressure.

FIGURE 2. Lamella heat exchanger

From the above examples, it can be seen that in recent years, people design some new efficient heat exchanger
from structure, material and even treatment methods to make the heat exchanger more widely used in various life and
production.

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 Numerical Simulation of Heat Exchanger

Yang changwei used the secondary development tool of AutoCAD 2000 to calculate and plot the structure of wavy
finned tube evaporator. Under the application of the gei structure materials, the Chen vihan optimizes the design of
the heat exchanger. Zheng gang computer simulation of the optimal length of the loop of condenser and evaporator
with the use of the steady distribution parameter method.Dong yujun summarizes the existing correlation of the
evaporation heat transfer and friction press in the existing plate evaporator, and use the distributed parameter method
to simulate the heat transfer performance of the plate type plate evaporator in the xiaohuan heat temperature difference.

DISADVANTAGE AND PROSPECT EXPECTATION

Disadvantage
Domestic research on the heat transfer of heat exchanger started relatively late, with less experience and more
reference to foreign countries.Both theoretical and experimental research also need further in-depth.Though Technical
innovation is not enough, but the study on the influence of the factors on the performance of the heat exchanger is
relatively comprehensive. In general, the following questions remain:
1)The unperfect theoretical research of heat exchanger , little theoretical basis of the optimization design of the
practical application of fins and less The analytical solution of heat transfer formula,make most of the empirical
formula fitted by experimental data analysis;
2) The theoretical system of heat transfer is not systematic and is not perfect enough;
3) The main work is concentrated in the two-dimensional, which is lack of three-dimensional model;

Prospect Expectation
As an important original heat exchanger, heat exchanger is favored by many research institute and colleges. In the
future development of heat exchanger, improving the heat exchanger efficiency, reducing the volume of heat
exchanger and popularizing heat exchanger will become the future direction of scientific researchers. With the
enhancement of the comprehensive national strength and the increasing of the protection consciousness of intellectual
property, the level of education of the younger generation is continuously improving, and the development of
theoretical research and experimental research of heat exchanger will set a new journey.

REFERENCES
1. Larry Trom. Heat exchanger:is it time for a change?[J] . Chemical Engineering, February 1996:76-77.
2. K Feldkamp. Warmeaustauscher[J] . Chern-Ing-Tech, 1994, 66(11):1462-1466.
3. WADEKA R V V. Compact heat exchanger [J]. Chemical Engineering Progress, 2000, 96(12):392-401.
4. Karl Stephan, Boris Slipcevic. Heizen and Kuhlen-verfahre-nstechnische Aspekte[J]. Chem-Ing-Tech, 1989,
61(9):694-701.

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