1. Social welfare Vs.

Social Work
2. Welfare State
3. Social Protection: social assistance (Safety Net), Social Security, Social Insurance,
4. Community Development Program: Public Welfare program & Micro-Credit Program
5. 6. Social Work Vs Philanthropy and charity
6. 7. Social Services Vs Social welfare services
7. 8. Social Policy Vs Social Welfare Policy
8. 9. Social Welfare Administration
Social welfare vs social work
Social work (Old definition)
Social work is the professional activity of helping individuals, groups, or communities to
enhance or restore their capacity for social functioning and creating societal conditions
favorable to this goal. Social work practice consists of the professional application of social
work values, principles and techniques to one or more of the following ends:
1. helping people obtain tangible services (e.g. those involving provision of food, housing,
`income)
2. Providing counseling and psychotherapy with individuals, families and groups
3. helping communities or groups provide or improve social and health services
4. Participating in relevant legislative process (NASW,1973.PP.4-5)
Social work
New definition of Social Work (2001):
“Social Work is a professional field and academic discipline which focus on the
promotion of social change, problems solving in human relationships and the
empowerment and liberation of people to enhance or restore well-being…
…utilizing theories of human Behavior and Social System, Social Work Intervenes at
the point where people Interact with their Environment.
1. Principle of Human rights and Social justice are fundamental to social work”.
2. professional field and academic discipline which
3. promotion of social change,
4. problems solving in human relationships and
5. The empowerment and liberation of people to enhance or restore well-being…
6. …utilizing theories of human Behavior and Social System,
7. Social Work Intervenes at the point where people Interact with their
Environment.
8. Principle of Human rights and Social justice are fundamental to social work”.
Social welfare
It is organized system of social services and institutions, designed to aid individuals and
groups to attain satisfying standards of life and health, and personal and social relationships
that permit them to develop their full capacities and to promote their well- being in harmony
with the needs of their families and the community.

Welfare state
Political system based on the principle that the government (and not the individual,
corporations, or the local community) has the responsibility for the well being of its citizens,
by ensuring that a minimum standard of living is within everyone's reach. This commitment
 is translated into ….. provision of universal and free education, universal medical
care, insurance against , disability, sickness, unemployment, family allowances
for income supplement, and old age pensions.
The Welfare State consists of a number of programs through which governments pursue the
goal of social protection against economic and social risks of life & well-being
Objective.
1. To protect individuals and groups against economic and social risks of life and
changes in
society.
2. to secure income and conditions to live a life in human dignity with fullest
participation in
society;
To combat discrimination and inequalities;
3. To promote social cohesion and inclusion and to avoid marginalization;
To combat poverty and extreme gaps in the distribution of wealth in society.
4. It redistributes income from the working young to the retired old, from the rich to the
poor, etc.
5. It also helps to solve many problems with risk, market failures, ethical norms, poverty
and inequality, justice, etc
6. Welfare systems are financed on the basis of solidarity; the access for all citizens to
high-quality
services of general interest at reasonable prices; economic democracy through social
dialogue and collective bargaining
Social Protection, Social assistance, Income support, Social insurance, Retirement,
Unemployment, Health care, Benefits in kind, Education, Housing, Public goods, Public
transport, Public service broadcasting.
Social protection.
International Labour Organization - social security and social protection are synonyms.
However, social protection encompasses social assistance (safety nets), , social security and
Social Insurance.
The provision of social protection is an effective and important means of reducing poverty
and social exclusion as it prevents people from falling into poverty and enables the poor to
escape the poverty trap.
In the absence of social protection, people, especially the most vulnerable, are subjected to
increased risks of sinking below the poverty line or remaining caught in conditions of
poverty.

In addition, there is strong evidence that social security fosters long-term economic growth
by raising labour productivity and enhancing social stability. 
Social assistance and safety net
Social assistance refers to the assistance rendered by the society to the poor and needy
persons voluntarily without placing any obligation on them to make any contribution to be
entitled to relief such as workmen’s compensation, maternity benefit and old age pension etc.
Thus, one may say that a social assistance scheme provides benefits for persons of small
means granted as of right in amount sufficient to meet a minimum standard of need and
financed from taxation.
Safety net
Safety net is a type of social assistance which all those who are left-over by social sec urity
and social assistance schemes.
Safety nets: are generally short-term emergency measures, placed to prevent people from
falling below a given standard of living (Irfan, 2007).
The people, who are outside the domain of labour market and are extremely poor and
considered marginalized segment of the society, are provided assistance through in-kind or
unconditional cash transfers.
The Benazir Income Support Program (BISP), Zakat and Pakistan Bait-ul-Mall (PBM)
provide unconditional cash transfers or in-kind assistance to the chronic poor and also
provide support for rehabilitation of the destitute people. The objective of all these programs
is same but they have different financing mechanisms and funding sources. (0.5 of the GDP
is allocated for SN).
Social Security means the protection provided by society to its members through various
community measures, to counterbalance the significant decrease in income from work, as a
result of facing any natural risk or unforeseen problem, like, death of the main bread earner,
maternity, old age, sickness, unemployment (Shepherd et al, 2004).
According to Sir William Beverage:-
“The security of income to take the place of earnings when they are interrupted by
unemployment sickness accident to provide for retirement through are to provide against loss
of support by the death of another person and to meet exceptional expenditure those
connected with birth, death and marriage. Primarily social security means income should be
associated with treatment design to bring the interruption of earnings to a end as soon as
possible ”.
Social security program in pakisatan
These schemes include Government servants pension funds, Employees Old Age Benefits
Institutions (EOBI), Public Sector Benevolent Funds and Group Insurance, Employees Social
Security or Institutions, Provincial Employees Social Security Scheme, Workers Welfare
Funds (WWF), Worker’s Children Education Ordinance, Food Support Program and
Educational Stipends (Technical).
However, it does not cover a person who work in informal sector like a women working in a
house-based industry
Social insurance
Social Insurance is one of the devices to prevent individual from falling to the death of
poverty, misery and to help him in times of emergencies. Insurance involves the setting aside
of some money in order to provide compensation against loss resulting from a particular
emergency.
Thus, social insurance is a co-operative device which aims at granting adequate benefits to
the insured on the compulsory basis in time of unemployment, sickness and other
emergencies.
Community Development Programs:
Public Welfare Program/Labour Market Program
 The Labor Market Program includes Public Works program only. It is also known as
the
 Peoples Works Program and formerly it was called Khushal Pakistan Program (KPP)
and
 Tameer-e-WatanProgram in different regimes in Pakistan. The program comprises of
schemes, like, telephone, electrification, gas, roads, sanitation, education, water
supply and health, which have an immediate impact on the standard of living of
ordinary people.
Micro-Insurance and Micro-Finance
Micro-insurance and micro-finance are included in the category of social protection
programs. These community development strategies are also included by ADB (2004),
developed to assist society to generate income and to be self-reliant.
In Pakistan, the initiatives in this regard are national and provincial rural support programs,
Community Development Centers and Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF). All these
organizations and NGOs provide small loans for community development.
Charity
Charity is an act that comes as a relief from suffering for a man. So you do charity when you
give food to a man to eat when he is really hungry.
Similarly, sending your old clothing items to a far off place struck by a natural calamity is
also an act of charity, though you do not know who the actual beneficiary in this case is.
Some communities feel obliged to give for charity as they have been raised to feel the moral
responsibility to help those who are less privileged.
Philanthropy
The concept of philanthropy is taken from Greek terminology which mean “Love for
mankind”.
It is defined as: “ A desire to improve the material, social, and spiritual welfare of humanity,
especially through charitable activities” (Jabeen and Khan, 2008).
 Indigenous Philanthropy :
 Corporate Philanthropy :
 Voluntary Sector Philanthropy i.e. (Civil society)
 Individual Philanthropy (money and time)
Civil societies are often populated by organizations such as registered charities, development
of NGOs, community groups, faith-based organization, professional associations, trade union,
self-help groups, etc.
What is the difference between Charity and Philanthropy?

 Charity is to provide immediate  while philanthropy tries to identify

relief from suffering
 Charity is a short term solution
 Donating to a cause close to our
heart is charity,
 Charity is mostly on individual level
the root cause of the problem and
then provide relief
 while philanthropy is a long term
solution but a

 large sum of money from a
foundation to build a new wing for
an orphanage is philanthropy.
 While philanthropy is more on
group, association or organizational
level.
 It is always non-profit effort or
service.
 Philanthropy involves a strong urge
in the heart of wealthy people to
give back to society

Social Services Vs Social Welfare Services

Social Services: those services, resources either in cash or in coin which is design for the
welfare of all member of society with a subsidized rate is called social service (s). Such
subsidy is given to member of society from his contribution in the form of taxes.
While Social welfare services are those services and resources which are designed and
delivered to the needy person free of cost without any contribution from the beneficiary.
Refers to both goals of collective responsibilities and to a set of services for carrying out
those responsibilities.
Social policy,
Set of laws and administrative rules that define the purposes of public social welfare and
authorize organizations to work toward accomplishment of those purposes. (Compton,
Galaway, & Cournoyer, 2004.
Social policy primarily refers to guidelines, principles, legislation and activities that affect the
living conditions conducive to human welfare.
Social Policy is focused on those aspects of the economy, society and policy that are
necessary to human existence and the means by which they can be provided.
These basic human needs include: food and shelter, a sustainable and safe environment, the
promotion of health and treatment of the sick, the care and support of those unable to live a
fully independent life; and the education and training of individuals to a level that enables
them fully to participate in their society".
Social welfare policy
A. That policy or strategy that is designed for covering and protecting the vulnerable,
under-privileged and poor segment of society such as:
B. Persons with Disability
C. Senior Citizens
D. Beggary