UNIVERSITY OF SANTANDER.

UDES
SURGICAL INSTRUMENTATION PROGRAM
CARDIOVASCULAR, HEMODYNAMICS AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
INDIVIDUAL WORK
THEME: Driving System
TEACHER: LIDY JANNETH HIGUERA IBAÑEZ
Read the theoretical guide of the driving system and according to the pre-knowledge acquired in the
class and through previous research, consolidate what you have learned by developing the following
questionnaire.

1. The following diagram shows the nodes and the different bundles of the conduction system;
determine the sequence of the nerve impulse of the conduction system in the heart accordingly

1 Sinoatrial node

2 Bachmann beam

3 Anterior internodal tract

4 Medial intranodal tract

5 Posterior internodal tract

6 Atrioventricular node

7 Beam of his

8 Right branch

9 Left branch
10 Left anterior fascicle
11 Left posterior fascicle

12 Fibras de purkinje
2Aberrant conduction bundles are blockages of the right or left branches of the bundle of Hiss or Purkinje
branches in the interventricular area; by means of a graph, recreate them and list them respectively.

1Kent beam: Inconsistent myocardial

bridge between atrium and ventricle,
passing through the conjunctive rings
(it passes through the anterolateral part
of the right atrium and ventricle)

2 Mahaim fibers: unites his fasciculus

with myocardium

3 Bachman beam: bundle of cardiac

conduction fibers that are presumably
charged to transmit electrical excitation
from the right atrium to the left atrium
(joins the sinus node and roof of the left
atrium)

2. The nervous control of the heart is stimulated by the conduction system and depending on the
stimulation of the nodes, actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic system are generated; list them
respectively

Sympathetic System Parasympathetic System

Accelerates the heartbeat, • It releases

stimulates conduction, and the norepinephrine by

force of contraction increases increasing the discharge

blood flow through the coronary of the SA node

vessels. Decreased heart rate and • Decreases the excitation

stimulation of the SA node. threshold of heart cells

 3. With respect to the cell define each concept and determine what its ionic relationship is.
What is a polarized or resting cell, depolarized cell and re-polarized cell and their ionic
relationship.

Polarized or resting cell Depolarized cell Repolarized Cell

The myocardial cell is at rest When Na + enters cells and A repolarized cell is when K
outside the cell itself and there
are several Na + ions Ca2 + cations keep the cell + leaves it

depolarized

4. The waves of an electrocardiogram determine the depolarization and repolarization of the

cardiac cell; determine which waves are generated in the electrocardiogram when atrial
repolarization, atrial depolarization, ventricular repolarization and ventricular depolarization
are present, respectively.

Atrial Depolarization: The P wave presents atrial

depolarization therefore the onset of atrial action

potential

Ventricular depolarization: The QRS complex is

a fast series of three waves that represents
ventricular depolarization and the beginning of the
ventricular action potential.

Atrial Repolarization: The PQ interval represents

the duration of the atrial action potential

Ventricular Repolarization: The T wave

represents the repolarization of the ventricles and

the completion of the action potential.

STUDENT: Karen Daniela Velasco Jiménez