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KATUP JANTUNG
Jaringan ikat fibrosa mencegah terjadinya perluasan pembukaan RUANGAN JANTUNG DAN ALUR PEREDARAN DARAH
katub dan menjadi pengikat antar katub.
Penutupan katub mencegah terjadinya aliran balik darah
sebelum dan sesudah kontraksi ventrikel atau atrium
Process Action
Cardiac cycle Sequence of events in 1 heartbeat. Blood is pumped through the entire
cardiovascular system.
Systole Contraction phase—usually refers to ventricular contraction.
Diastole Relaxation phase—the atria and ventricles are filling. Lasts longer than
systole.
Stroke volume Amount of blood ejected from either ventricle in a single contraction.
(SV) Starling’s Law of the Heart states that degree of cardiac muscle stretch
can increase force of ejected blood. More blood filling the ventricles ↑
SV.
Cardiac output Amount of blood pumped through the cardiovascular system per min.
(CO) CO _ SV _ Heart rate (HR)
Property Ability
Automaticity Generates electrical impulse independently, without involving the
nervous system.
Deflection Description
P Wave First wave seen Small rounded, upright (positive) wave indicating atrial
depolarization (and contraction)
ST Segment Distance between S wave and beginning of T wave Measures time SISTIM KONDUKSI LISTRIK JANTUNG
between ventricular depolarization and beginning of repolarization
T Wave Rounded upright (positive) wave following QRS Represents ventricular
repolarization
U Wave Small rounded, upright wave following T wave Most easily seen with a
slow HR. Represents repolarization of Purkinje fibers.
ELEKTROFISIOLOGI
ELEKTROKARDIOGRAFI
METODE 1
Deflection Description
T Wave Rounded upright (positive) wave following Hitung jumlah kotak besar antara 2 gelombang R, kemudian
QRS Represents ventricular repolarization
dibagi 300 dari perhitungan:
QT Interval Measured from beginning of QRS to end of T wave. o 1 menit = 60 detik
Represents total ventricular activity. o 1 kotak besar = 0,20 detik
U Wave Small rounded, upright wave following T wave o Sehingga dalam 1 menit = 60/0.2 = 300 kotak besar/
Most easily seen with a slow HR. Represents menit
Misal antar 2 gelombang R berjarak 3 kotak besar maka frekuensi
denyut jantung adalah 300/3 = 100x/ menit
Jumlah kotak kecil antar 2 gelombang R Jika didapatkan denyut jantung sangat tidak teratur, lebih baik
menghitung selama 1 menit penuh
Rate: Atrial: 350 bpm or greater; ventricular: slow or fast Rate: Depends on rate of underlying rhythm
Rhythm: Irregular Rhythm: Irregular whenever a PVC occurs
P Waves: No true P waves; chaotic atrial activity P Waves: None associated with the PVC
PR Interval: None PR Interval: None associated with the PVC
QRS: Normal (0.06–0.10 sec) QRS: Wide (>0.10 sec), bizarre appearance
Catatan
Atrial fibrilasi merupakan aritmia kronik dan biasanya didasari adanya
penyakit jantung
PVC/ VES MULTIFORM VES YANG BERBAHAYA PVC/ VES QUADRIGEMINY VES YANG BERBAHAYA
PVC/ VES BIGEMINY VES YANG BERBAHAYA PVC/ VES COUPLET ‐‐> BERBAHAYA
Rate: Indeterminate
Rate: 200–250 bpm Rhythm: Chaotic
Rhythm: Irregular P Waves: None
P Waves: None PR Interval: None
PR Interval: None QRS: None
QRS: Wide (>0.10 sec), bizarre appearance
Catatan
Catatan Tindakan yang cepat dan segera pada kondisi ini, karena jika tidak
Torsade de pointes akan cepat berubah menjadi VF dan asistole. dilakukan tindakan defibrilasi dengan electrical shock maka
Torsade de pointes dapat disebabkan karena obat yang menyebabkan kemungkinan untuk dapat kembali berubah menjadi sinus akan sulit
pemanjangan interval QT atau disebabkan karena kelainan elektrolit didapatkan.
yaitu hipomagnesemia
ASISTOLE