ANATOMI JANTUNG LAPISAN JANTUNG

Jantung terletak di mediastinum. Dilindungi oleh sternum di anterior

dan columna spinalis di posterior serta tulang rusuk.

Cavum pericardial terisi sedikit cairan untuk lubrikasi dan mencegah

friksi saat saat jantung berkontraksi
 KATUP JANTUNG
• Jaringan ikat fibrosa mencegah terjadinya perluasan pembukaan RUANGAN JANTUNG DAN ALUR PEREDARAN DARAH
katub dan menjadi pengikat antar katub.
• Penutupan katub mencegah terjadinya aliran balik
darah sebelum dan sesudah kontraksi ventrikel atau
atrium
SIRKULASI ARTERI KORONER FISIOLOGI JANTUNG
Process Action
Cardiac cycle Sequence of events in 1 heartbeat. Blood is pumped through the
entire
cardiovascular system.

Systole Contraction phase—usually refers to ventricular contraction.

Diastole Relaxation phase—the atria and ventricles are filling. Lasts longer
than
systole.

Stroke volume Amount of blood ejected from either ventricle in a single contraction.
(SV) Starling’s Law of the Heart states that degree of cardiac muscle stretch
can increase force of ejected blood. More blood filling the ventricles ↑
SV.

Cardiac output Amount of blood pumped through the cardiovascular system per min.
(CO) CO _ SV _ Heart rate (HR)

Property Ability
Automaticity Generates electrical impulse independently, without involving
the
nervous system.

Excitability Responds to electrical stimulation.

Conductivity Passes or propagates electrical impulses from cell to cell.

Contractility Shortens in response to electrical stimulation.

Deflection Description
P Wave First wave seen Small rounded, upright (positive) wave indicating
atrial
depolarization (and contraction)

PR Interval Distance between beginning of P wave and beginning of QRS

complex
Measures time during which a depolariza-tion wave travels from the
atria to the ventricles

QRS Interval Three deflections following P wave Indicates ventricular

depolarization
(and contraction) Q Wave: First negative deflection R Wave: First
positive deflection S Wave: First negative deflection after R wave
ST Segment Distance between S wave and beginning of T wave Measures time
SISTIM KONDUKSI LISTRIK JANTUNG
between ventricular depolarization and beginning of repolarization

T Wave Rounded upright (positive) wave following QRS Represents

ventricular
repolarization

QT Interval Measured from beginning of QRS to end of T wave. Represents

total
ventricular activity.

U Wave Small rounded, upright wave following T wave Most easily seen with
a
slow HR. Represents repolarization of Purkinje fibers.

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ELEKTROFISIOLOGI
ELEKTROKARDIOGRAFI
EKG SISI KANAN REKAMAN EKG
 DISKRIPSI MENGHITUNG
FREKUENSI JANTUNG

METODE 1
Deflection Description

P Wave First wave seen Small rounded, upright (positive)

wave indicating atrial depolarization (and
contraction) Kotak

PR Interval Distance between beginning of P wave and besar

beginning of QRS complex Measures time during
which a depolariza-tion wave travels from the atria
to the ventricles

QRS Interval Three deflections following P wave Indicates

ventricular depolarization (and contraction) Q
Wave: First negative deflection R Wave: First
positive deflection S Wave: First negative deflection
after R wave

ST Segment Distance between S wave and beginning of T

wave
Measures time between ventricular depolarization
and beginning of repolarization

T Wave Rounded upright (positive) wave following QRS

• Hitung jumlah kotak besar antara 2 gelombang R,
kemudian
Represents ventricular repolarization
dibagi 300 Æ dari perhitungan:

QT Interval Measured from beginning of QRS to end of T wave.

o 1 menit = 60 detik
Represents total ventricular activity.

o 1 kotak besar = 0,20 detik

U Wave Small rounded, upright wave following T wave Most
o Sehingga dalam 1 menit = 60/0.2 = 300 kotak
besar/
 MENGHITUNG FREKUENSI JANTUNG MENGHITUNG FREKUENSI JANTUNG YANG TIDAK
TERATUR (ARITMIA)
METODE 2

Dengan menggunakan jumlah kotak kecil.

Rumusnya: 1500/ jumlah kotak kecil

• Rumus ini berasal dari perhitungan:

o 1 menit = 60 detik
o 1 kotak kecil = 0,04 detik
o Sehingga dalam 1 menit terdapat 60/0,04 = 1500
kotak • Gunakan 6 detik hasil
perekaman (30 kotak besar)
kecil
• Jika jarak antar 2 gelombang R adalah 15 kotak kecil maka • Hitung jumlah gelombang R yang ada, kemudian kalikan 10.
frekuensi denyut jantung adalah 1500/ 15 = 100x/ menit Itulah frekuensi rata‐rata denyut jantung yang ireguler

• Misal dalam 30 kotak besar didapatkan adanya 7 gelombang R

Jumlah kotak kecil
maka frekuensi denyut jantung adalah 7 x 10 = 70x/ menit
menghitung selama 1 menit penuh
• Jika didapatkan denyut jantung sangat tidak teratur, lebih baik

antar 2 gelombang R
LOKASI ISKEMI/ INFARK BERDASARKAN LETAK
KELAINAN PADA REKAMAN EKG
STEMI ANTERIOR STEMI INFERIOR
STEMI LATERAL STEMI SEPTAL