NCM1331L | MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING – LECTURE (SUMMARIZED)

MIDTERMS – CARDIO
MR. ROBERT P. ORDONA RM, RN – SCHOOL OF NURSING | 1st SEMESTER A.Y. 2023 - 2024

Week 1:
ASSESSMENT AND
MANAGEMENT FOR
PATIENTS WITH CVD
Major function of the heart: Pumps blood to the
tissues supplying them with oxygen and other nutrients
LAYERS OF THE HEART

HEART VALVES
ATRIOVENTRICULA SEMILUNAR
R
1. Mitral (bicuspid) 1. Aortic
2. Tricuspid 2. Pulmonic
CORONARY ARTERIES

HEART CHAMBERS

LEFT CORONARY RIGHT CORONARY

ARTERY ARTERY
a. Left anterior a. Posterior
descending descending
artery artery
b. Left circumflex
artery
PERFUSED DURING DIASTOLE
CORONARY VEINS
Venous blood from these veins returns to the heart
primarily through the CORONARY SINUS
SYSTOLE DIASTOLE  Located posteriorly in the right atrium
(CONTRACTION, (RELAXATION,
DEPOLARIZATION) REPOLARIZATION)
- Isovolumetric - Isovolumetric
CONTRACTI RELAXATION
ON phase phase
- EJECTION - FILLING phase
phase

HEART VALVES CARDIAC PHYSIOLOGY

CARDIAC CONDUCTION SYSTEM
NCM1331L | MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING – LECTURE (SUMMARIZED)
MIDTERMS – CARDIO
MR. ROBERT P. ORDONA RM, RN – SCHOOL OF NURSING | 1st SEMESTER A.Y. 2023 - 2024
3. Pulse
4. Paralysis
5. Pressure
6. Pain

Generates and transmits electrical impulses that

stimulate contraction of the myocardium
CARDIAC CONDUCTION SYSTEM
SA NODE  Dominant pacemaker of the
hearth
 Direct electrical impulses
between SA and AV node
AV NODE  Slows conduction
 Creates slight delay in impulses
before they reach the ventricles
COMMO  Transmits impulses to bundle
N branches
BUNDLE
OF HIS
L&R  Left conducts impulses to left
BUNDLE ventricle
OF HIS  Right conducts impulses to right
ventricle
PURKINJ  Network of fibers that spreads
E FIBERS impulses rapidly

4 CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRICAL
IMPULSES
AUTOMACIT Ability of the cell to initiate
Y impulse spontaneously
EXCITABILIT How well the cell responds to
Y electrical stimuli
CONDUCTIVI Ability of the cell to transmit an
TY electrical impulse to another
cardiac cell
CONTRACTIL How well a cell contracts after
ITY receiving a stimulus

ASSESSING CHEST PAIN

ANGINA Pain spreading across chest
PECTORIS - Bought about by
myocardial ischemia
MYOCARDIA Pain over precordium
L
INFARCTION
PERICARDITI Sharp, severe, substernal pain to
S the left of sternum
PLEAURITIC Pain arises from inferior portion of
PAIN pleura; referred to COSTAL
MARGINS or UPPER
ABDOMEN.
ESOPHAGEA Chest to shoulders
L PAIN
ANXIETY Pain does not radiate

6 Ps
1. Pallor
2. Paresthesia