CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background

Diesel Engine is a type of power generating machine with a machine that uses combustion
system by compression (internal combustion engine). Diesel engine is an internal combustion
engine that uses pressure as a fuel combustion trigger. The diesel engine that is part of the
ship's propulsion system has the power adjusted for the magnitude of the prisoner owned by a
ship and the speed of sailing of the vessel.

In practice diesel engine that has been done, used fuel type Bio-Solar (Bio-Diesel Oil). From
the fuel will be variations of rotation and loading with the generator to determine the fuel
consumption of diesel engines with certain loading and without loading. The results of the
data obtained will be used to determine the efficiency and large consumption of fuel in diesel
engines used.

1.2. Purposes

The purposes of internal combustion engine test are to know the working principle of the
combustion engine and also about :

 Knowing the relationship between Specific Fuel Consumption and power.

 Determine the relationship of thermal efficiency to power.
 Knowing the power connection with certain loading with the round.
 Knowing the torque relation on a certain loading by round.
 Determine the relationship of BMEP value to the loading of the round.
 Knowing the Envelope Engine owned by the machine used.

1.3 Benefits

 Students are able to understand the effect of power on the diesel engine on the large fuel
consumption.
 Students understand the effect of power variations on thermal efficiency.
 Students are able to understand the effect of power due to load variation with engine
rotation value.
 Students are able to understand the relation of torque on certain loading variations with
engine rotation value.
 Students are able to understand the relationship of BMEP to engine speed.
 Students are able to describe the engine envelope graph that is owned by the machine.
 CHAPTER II

BASIC THEORY

2.1. Diesel Engine

Diesel Engine is a type of power generating machine with a machine that uses combustion
system by compression (internal combustion engine). Diesel uses hot temperatures from
compression. Air is drawn to the cylinder and compressed to create such a hot temperature
that ignites the fuel injected into the engine. The concept of combustion in a diesel motor is
through the process of ignition of air compression at high pressure. This combustion may
occur because the air is compressed in the room with a compression ratio much larger than
the gasoline motor (7-12), ie between (14-22). Consequently air will have pressure and
temperature above temperature and pressure ignition fuel.

2.2. Working Mechanism

 Intake: Air is drawn into the cylinder through the open green air inlet valve on the right
as the piston moves down.
 Compression: The inlet valve closes, the piston moves up, and compresses the air
mixture, heating it up. Fuel is injected into the hot gas through the central fuel injection
valve and spontaneously ignites. Unlike with a gas engine, no sparking plug is needed to
make this happen.
 Power: As the air-fuel mixture ignites and burns, it pushes the piston down, driving the
crankshaft that sends power to the wheels.
 Exhaust: The green outlet valve on the left opens to let out the exhaust gases, pushed out
by the returning piston.

Fig 1. Combustion Process in Diesel Engine

2.3. Engine Performance

Engine performance is the success rate of a machine in the work or combustion, which
converts chemical energy contained in the fuel into the mechanical work. In the book Internal
Combustion Engine Fundamentals by John B. Heywood, explained that the main parameters
of engine performance are power, torque, and specific fuel consumption (SFC). For
evaluation of machine performance, selected some parameters that are more influential on
various operating conditions, design concepts and modifications. The parameters are as
follows:

 Engine Power:

V .i . Power Factor
P=
η g ηm

 Power Factor = 0.9

 ηm (eff Belt)= 0. 95 (sabuk datar), 0.96 (sabuk V)
 η g (Eff Generator)= 0.85 (generator relatif baru)