PROJECT REPORT

GROUP NO.4: SUNILA AKRAM(2018-BM-032)

FATIMA(2018-BM-033)
SYEDA AREEBA(2018-BM-042)
SECTION: ‘A’
SUBJECT: BIOINSTRUMENTATION II

SUBMITTED TO: SIR ASAD

PROJECT: MAGNETIC STIRRER
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
PROJECT REPORT
BIOMEDICAL INST-II

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT 3
INTRODUCTION 3
COMPONENTS 3
Electric Fan/ electro motor: 3
Stir Bar magnet: 3
Permanent Magnet/ Neodymium Magnet3
Potentiometer 4
Transistor (5-10 V DC) 4
Switch (SPST) 4
Compact disk 4
Voltage Regulator 4
CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING 4
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 5
FACTORS AFFECTING SPEED OF FAN 5
ADVANTAGES 5
APPLICATIONS 6
LIMITATIONS 6
CONCLUSION 6
REFRENCES 6
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BIOMEDICAL INST-II

1. ABSTRACT
Magnetic stirrers are often used in chemistry and biology labs, especially in medicine. Magnetic
stirrers are quieter and more efficient that gear-driven motorized stirrers and have no moving
external parts to break or wear out other than the simple bar magnet placed inside the vessel. In
this study we have designed a cost effective and portable magnetic stirrer system to form
solutions of any sample.
2. INTRODUCTION
A magnetic stirrer or magnetic mixer is a laboratory device that employs a rotating magnetic
field to make the stirrer bar (flea) immersed in a liquid to spin very quickly, thus string it.
 A stir plate mechanism consists of an electric motor and a permanent magnet underneath. The
stir bar is a magnet (Ceramic or Alnico or Neodymium) that is encased in a material that will not
react with the fluid it is immersed in. The stir bar magnet is placed within a container and made
to spin with the external magnetic field produced by the stir-plate.
3. COMPONENTS

I. Electric Fan/ electro motor:

12 V computer fan to provide rotation.

II. Stir Bar magnet:

A stir bar is the magnetic bar placed within the liquid which provides the stirring action. Stir bar
is coated and made chemically inert so that it does not contaminate or react with the reaction
mixture.

III. Permanent Magnet/ Neodymium Magnet:

Stir’s bar magnet motion is driven by another rotating magnet or a set of
stationary electromagnets, placed beneath the vessel with the liquid.
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BIOMEDICAL INST-II

IV. Potentiometer:
This is to be able to adjust the speed.

V. Transistor (5-10 V DC):

A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch
electronic signals and electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor
material usually with at least three terminals for connection to an
external circuit.

VI. Switch (SPST):

 A switch is a piece of a physical circuitry component that
governs the signal flow

VII. Compact disk:

This is used for giving a platform over the fans to stir the vessel.

VIII. Voltage Regulator:

A voltage regulator is a system designed to automatically maintain a

constant voltage level. A voltage regulator may use a simple feed-
forward design or may include negative feedback. It may use an
electromechanical mechanism, or electronic components.

4. CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING

The voltage regulator takes input from ac power source and converts the voltage into 12 V
DC value. This 12 DC voltage goes to the VCC pin of potentiometer and collector pin of
transistor. The base of the transistor is connected to the Vin pin of the potentiometer which is
activated by the analog pin A2 of the microcontroller. The emitter pin of the transistor is
connected in series with the SWITCH and the LED. The LED is used here to indicate the
working status of the magnetic stirrer. The LED is then connected to the positive pin of the
electric fan. Moreover, now ground all the ground pins that are fan, potentiometer, and power
supply.
PROJECT REPORT
BIOMEDICAL INST-II

5. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

6. FACTORS AFFECTING SPEED OF FAN

The key factors include:
1) the size and strength of the stir bar magnet (bigger is stronger)
2) strength of the magnets used in the stir-plate
3) distance between the stir bar magnet and magnets underneath (stir plate magnets)
4) viscosity of the fluid
5) the rotation speeds

7. ADVANTAGES
 Maintenance is simple because of its small size; a stirring bar is easily cleaned and
sterilized than other stirring devices.
 They do not require lubricants which could contaminate the reaction vessel and the
product.
 The main advantage of magnetic stirrers is their simple construction, the lack of moving
parts and low noise during operation. They can be used to stir corrosive solutions. Since
glass and most non-ferrous materials have poor magnetic permeability, this allows for
stirring in sealed systems, making this method vital in air-free processes. Since they lack
moving parts, there is little risk of wearing, although if the vessel has abrasive particles,
the Teflon coating will get damaged.
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BIOMEDICAL INST-II

8. APPLICATIONS
 Magnetic stir bars work well in glass vessels commonly used for chemical reactions, as
glass does not appreciably affect a magnetic field.
 Combined magnetic stirrer and hot plate are mainly used in the preparation of culture
media and reagents, and when needing to neat liquids.

9. LIMITATIONS
 Magnetic stirrers may have difficulty in dealing with viscous liquids or thick suspensions
 For larger volumes or more viscous liquids, some sort of mechanical stirring is typically
needed.
 Cannot be used for continuous longer usage.

10. CONCLUSION
Through working on this project, we understood the principles of magnetic on which it
works. We came to know that magnetic stirrer is a device widely used in laboratories and
consists of a rotating magnet or a stationary electromagnet that creates a rotating magnetic
field. This device is used to make a stir bar, immerse in a liquid, quickly spin, or stirring or
mixing a solution. Much of the current magnetic stirrers rotate the magnets by means of an
electric motor. This type of equipment is one of the simplest to prepare mixtures.

11. REFERENCES
[1] "E:\bioinstrumentation II\ass+quiz+papermid\Arduino Controlled Magnetic
Stirrer _ 8 Steps (with Pictures) - Instructables_files," [Online].
[2] "https://duino4projects.com/magnetic-stirrer/," [Online].
[3] "https://boredomisfailure.wordpress.com/2017/02/04/magnetic-stirrer/," [Online].
[4] "https://www.instructables.com/Arduino-Controlled-Magnetic-Stirrer/," [Online].