Tense ‫زمان‬

Time ‫وقت‬

Three Times
Present Past Future

Tenses Forms
1 Present Indefinite / Continuous / Perfect Perfect
Simple Progressive Continuous
2 Past Indefinite / Continuous / Perfect Perfect
Simple Progressive Continuous
3 Future Indefinite / Continuous / Perfect Perfect
Simple Progressive Continuous

Present Indefinite Tense / Simple Present Tense

The Simple Present Tense is used:

1. to introduce Habits:
 We wake up early in the morning.
 I have a cup of tea with breakfast.
 Children play in the park in the evening.

2. to talk about Universal or General Truth:

 The sun rises in the east.
 The earth revolves around the sun.
 God is One.
 Two plus two makes four.

3. to refer to Customs and traditions:

 Muslims bury the dead.
 Hindus burn the dead.
 A daughter leaves her parents home with tears in her eyes.

4. to talk about future when it is the part of a fixed timetable:

 The train for London departs at 5:00 p.m.
 The match between Pakistan and England begins at 10:00 a.m.
 The schools reopen on the 1st August.
5. for broadcast commentaries on sporting events:
 The bowler comes in, crosses the umpire and bowls.
 The fielder chases the ball, gets hold of it and throws it back to the wicketkeeper.
 The footballer kicks the ball hard into the goal.

6. for newspaper headings:

 Karachi woman with Covid-19 gives birth, baby tests negative.
 YouTube CEO writes to PM Imran, pledges five million dollars to spread virus awareness
in Pakistan.
 FO urges world to hold India accountable for illegal actions.

Syntax / Formula / Sentence Structure

Helping Verbs:

Do: I, we, you, they and any plurals. Does: He, she, it and any singulars.

Affirmative: Subject + verb (1st form) + object.

Affirmative: Subject + verb (1st form) s/es/ies + object.

Negative: Subject + do/does + not + verb (1st form) + object.

Interrogative: Do/Does + subject + verb (1st form) + object?

Int. and Neg.: Do/Does + subject + not + verb (1st form) + object?

Addition of s/es/ies:

1. -ies: If a verb ends in “y” which is preceded by a consonant letter, remove

“y” and add “ies”.

Examples: Carry = Carries, Rely = Relies, fry = fries etc.

2. -es: If a verb ends in, sh / ch / ss / o /x, add “es”.

Examples: Brush = Brushes, Wash = Washes, Catch = Catches, Switch = Switches,

Press = Presses, Guess = Guesses, Go = Goes, Do = Does, Fix = Fixes, Box
= Boxes etc.

3. -s: If a verb ends in “y” which is preceded by a vowel letter, just add an “s”.
Examples: Play = Plays, Annoy = Annoys, Prey = Preys, Buy = Buys etc.
Note: Other than the first two cases, just add an “s” with all the action verbs in case
of third person singular.

Examples: Sit = Sits, Walk = Walks, Lose = Loses, Call = Calls etc.