1st order neurone = upper motor neurone in cerebral cortex

2nd =lower motor in brain stem or spinal cord

3rd = alpha motor in efferent to muscle sit in anterior horn

Pathway

Intracerebral – in braind

Ascending- sensory afferent into brain

Descending- efferent to spinal cord

Group of fibres

 Projection
o Connect lope to rest of brain and spinal cord
 Corticofugal (efferent projection
 Project out
 Corticospinal pyramidal tract
o Corticopontine
o Corticothalamic
 Corticopetal afferent- owards brain ascenting
 Association
o Connect region in same hemisphere
 Short- in grey matter
 Long project in white matter
  One gyrus to another
 Commissural fibres
o Connect both hemisphere
 Corpus callosum (large miidle
 Anteriour/posterior commissure
 Hippocampal
 Mass itermedial (inter thalamic the thalamus connect)

Spinal cord tract

 Descending
 Reflexes
o Receive process respond
o Modulated/ controlled

Modulate spinal reflexes

-facilitatory & inhibitory

From Cortext or brainstem

Role of dp

Voluntary movement motor

Sensry driven reflex

Pre motor cotext

Conceptiulize movement = plan

Supplementary

Strategy = programme

Primary

Activate spinal motor neurone= initiate

Start to activate via descepend from the primary motor cortext

Cortical spinal cortext to spine

Bublbar in to brain stem

Blood mca aca

Originate in cell in precentral gyrus – pm c

Betz cell – big because the axon all way t lumbar

Lrge diameter axon

Transmitter = glutamate

FROM OTHER cortext

Some axon give

Basal gangali corticostriate

Thalamus corticothalamus

Internal capsuke most problem – e.g stroke- vessel

Anterior limb corticopontine fiber mca+ aca

Anteroposterioly directed frontopontine & thalamocortical projection

Genu conticobulbuar fiber MCA

Posteria corticospinal MCa+ ACHA

Superior inferiorly directed corticospinal, corticobulbar corticopntine

Midbrain

Red nucleus- corticorubal = locomotion

Superior colliculus= coordinate voluntary& head movement

Cranial nerve iii iv nuclei – eye movement

Substangia nigra basal ganglia- movement control

Blood = basilar artery

Superior cerebellar artery

Posterior cerebral artery

Branches corticospinal rom to l

Pons

-pontine nuclei corticopontine

Motor cranial nerve corticobulbae bilaterally

Reticular formation

Blood- basilar – pntine bramches

Sup & ant inf cerebellar A

Lateral corticospinal tract – decussates 70-90% Anterior corticospinal tract – ipsilateral

Medulla

Blood supply: vertebral A. - Medullary branch Basilar A. - Medullary branch Post. Inf. Cerebellar A.
Anterior spinal A.

Spinal cord

Blood supply: Post. Spinal A. - Lateral corticospinal tract Ant. Spinal A. - Anterior corticospinal tract