INTERNAL EXAMINATIONS

International General Certificate for Secondary Education

ASSIGNMENT-4
Name: ____Ajwa Aamir ____ Section: ___yale _
Branch: _FWS/BTK_ Date: _18.12.20_
Total Marks: __________

Subject: Syllabus Code:[0448 /2]

Q1(a) Study figure 1 a

Figure 1a

I. With reference to the photograph, explain how this machine is used for water supply. [3]

The Persian wheel is a mechanical water lifting device operated usually by draught animals like
bullocks, buffaloes or camels. It is used to lift water from water sources typically open wells .

II. What are the advantages and disadvantages of replacing this Persian Wheel with a Tube well? [4]

Advantages Disadvantages

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 Persian wheel is useful in mountainous Persian wheel can irrigate small areas, lot of
(hilly) areas due to close water level; it is effort is needed and it is time taking.
suitable for small scale farming.
Tube well reduces dependence on rain.

Tube well speed can be controlled.

III. What are perennial canals, and why are they better for farming than inundation canals? [3]

Inundation canal are long canals taken off from large rivers. They receive water when the river is
high enough and especially when in flood. While Perennial canals are lined to dams and barrages
to provide water throughout the year, and they irrigate a vast area.

(b)Study map (figure 2) showing rivers and dams of Pakistan.

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 Figure 2

Name the rivers [3]

E.......Indus.............................

F.......Jhelem.............................

G.......Ravi.............................

Name the Dams

H......Tarbela.......

J ....Mangla.......... [2]

I. Why was Indus water treaty necessary for Pakistan? [4]

II. The Indus Waters Treaty is a water-distribution treaty between India and Pakistan, brokered by
the World Bank, to use the water available in the Indus River and its tributaries.This has not
alleviated the Pakistani fears that India could potentially create floods or droughts in Pakistan,
especially in times of war
III. State the uses, other than irrigation, of large dams?
 FLOOD CONTROL.
 HYDRO POWER GENERATION.

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  INLAND NAVIGATION.
 RECREATION.

Hydro Power Generation

 Energy plays a key role for socio-economic development of a country. Hydro Power provides a cheap, clean and
renewable source of energy.
 Hydro Power is the most advanced and economically viable resource of renewable energy.
 Reservoir based hydroelectric projects provide much needed peaking power to the grid.

Recreation:
 The reservoir made possible by constructing a dam presents a beautiful view of a lake. In the areas where natural
surface water is scarce or non-existent, the reservoirs are a great source of recreation.

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Q2. (a) (i) Describe two ways in which water supplies can be polluted.

1 Chemical waste from factories is sometimes dumped into rivers and lakes, or directly into the
ground. Pesticides (chemicals that kill insects) applied to farmland enter surface water and
groundwater, often in large quantities
2 . Leaks from underground storage tanks for liquids like gasoline go directly into groundwater ....[2]

(ii) For one of these ways explain how the problem caused by pollution can be solved.

1. Reduce the usage of pesticides.

2. Make efficient storage tanks. [2]
3.

(c) Study Photograph, which shows typical scene of deforestation.

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(i) State one use of timber from forests that have been cut down.

….....to build buildings ......[1]

(ii) Using the photographs and your own knowledge, describe the effects of deforestation on

the natural environment.

Makes pollution, produces global warming, reduces habitat and harms the environment.

The loss of trees and other vegetation can cause climate change, desertification, soil erosion, fewer crops,
flooding, increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and a host of problems for indigenous people.

....[4]

Q3(a)(i) What are the wettest periods of the year in Pakistan? [2]

The summer rainy season, or southwest monsoon period, from June through September

(ii) For one of the periods named in (a)(i), explain the causes of the rainfall.

Name of period: .... Monsoon...............................................................................................[3]

Most of the time during the summer, the land is warmer than the ocean. This causes air to rise over
the land and air to blow in from the ocean to fill the void left by the air that rose. As you know, rising
air leads to cloud formation and precipitation. A monsoon climate is marked by dry winters and wet
summers.
b) Complete the passage below by using the words from given list [5]

dams water logged saline canal water salinity tube wells water table
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 silt salts siltation

(d) Which
The vast area of our cultivated lands is becoming ________________________every year. It is essential
of the
that the use of ____________________should be limited. Beside adequate drainage and the
natural
construction of network of __________________are also necessary to reclaim the lands affected. The
hazards
pumping of water not only lowers the________________ besides providing water for irrigation, it also
associated
helps flush the surface_____________ doom into the earth. Solving this problem requires a lot of time
with
and huge investment which is not possible without government incentive and aid.
Pakistan’s
climate do
you think
causes the most damage? Give reasons to support your answer.

Floods: Pakistan is one of the five South Asian countries that have the highest annual average
number of people physically affected by floods (UNDP 2001). The alluvial plains of the Indus river
system formed as flood plains and remain vulnerable to recurrent flooding. Riverine floods occur
during the summer monsoons.
Earthquakes: Pakistan lies within a seismic belt and Pakistan is one of the five South Asian countries that
therefore suffers from frequent small and medium have the highest annual average number of people
magnitude earthquakes (GSP 2001). Earthquakes physically affected by floods (UNDP 2001). The
commonly occur along the Himalayas and alluvial plains of the Indus river system formed as
Karakorum ranges and parts of Hindu Kush in the flood plains and remain vulnerable to recurrent
north of the country, in the Koh-e-Suleiman Range in flooding. Riverine floods occur during the summer
the west with Chaman fault line along Quetta, Zob monsoons.
and Mekran fault line affects Gawadar district along
the sea of the south-west coast.
2. Cyclones: According to the World Disaster Report
2003, the 960 km long coastal belt of Pakistan is
occasionally battered by cyclones causing
widespread loss to life and property, especially in
the coastal districts of Gawadar, Badin and Thatta.
[6]

[Total: 25]

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Q4. Study figure 4.

(a) Name the following features shown on the map:

(i) the mountains at B. [1]

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(ii) the province F

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(iii) river C.

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(iv) one characteristic of the climate at D. [1]

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(b) I . Study Figure 3

(i) Name the type of forest

………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

Why is it important that forests by the coast are protected? [4]

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(b)What are the threats to these forests, why are these forests vanishing. [5]

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(c) Several reservoirs are damaged by silt. What are the effects of siltation? [5]

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(d) Explain how can it be controlled? [6]

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Q5. (a) Figure 5 shows flood in Pakistan.

i. What are the causes of floods? [3]

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ii. How may floods effect farmers and local residents? [4]

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iii.What are the benefits of floods? [3]

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iv.Describe the characteristics of winter climate in the northern mountains. [4]

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b. Study figure 5 b

figure 5b 1

i. Name the method of irrigation. [1]

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ii. Naming an area in Pakistan, explain why it is used there? [4]

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(c)

Small dams are more suitable for Pakistan’s Pakistan needs large dams such as Kalabagh
economy than large ones because e.g. they for projects including the generation of
require low initial investment and silting electricity and for flood control
problem is easier to solve

A B
Which statement do you agree with more? give reasons for your answer and refer to places or examples you have
studied in Pakistan to support your answer.

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