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Matematik Tambahan
JAWAPAN
Bab 9
B
BA
Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
9 Solution of Triangles
.
hd
NOTA IMBASAN
1. Petua sinus / Sine rule 3. Kes berambiguiti bermakna terdapat dua buah segi
.B
A tiga yang berlainan boleh terbentuk.
Ambiguous case means that there are two different triangles
that can be formed.
dn
c b 4. Kes berambiguiti berlaku apabila dua keadaan berikut
wujud.
Ambiguous case occurs when these two conditions exist.
S
(a) Dua sisi dan satu sudut tirus bukan kandung
B a C
diberikan.
Petua sinus diberi oleh
Sine rule is given by
gi Two sides and one acute non-included angle are given.
(b) Sudut tirus bukan kandung adalah bertentangan
dengan sisi yang lebih pendek itu.
an
a b c The acute non-included angle is opposite to the shorter
= =
sin A sin B sin C side.
atau / or
l
sin A sin B sin C C
Pe
= =
a b c
2. Petua sinus boleh digunakan untuk menyelesaikan
suatu segi tiga di bawah dua keadaan yang berikut. b a a
n
Sine rule can be used to solve a triangle under the following two
conditions.
ta
A
Pe
B A
164
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
6.5 cm x 85°
.
hd
80° 52°
.B
x = 6.5
sin 80° sin 52° Tekan 6 . 5 × x = 7.3 × sin 44°
Press sin 85°
x = 6.5 × sin 80° sin 8 0 ÷
dn
sin 52° = 5.090 cm
= 8.123 cm sin 5 2 =
S
(b) (c) x
115° x 22° 35°
5.8 cm 20°
gi 7.5 cm
an
x = 7.5
x = 5.8 sin (180° – 22° – 35°) sin 20°
l
sin (180° – 20° – 115°) sin 20°
x = 7.5
Pe
x = 5.8
sin 45° sin 20° sin 123° sin 22°
= 11.991 cm = 16.791 cm
ta
bi
Contoh (a)
BAB
80°
9.6 cm 62°
n
9.3 cm
9
Pe
y
12.8 cm
8.9 cm y
165
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
.
sin y = 20.1
hd
13
sin y = 0.6094 sin x = 0.3075
y = 37°339 x = 17°549
y = 180° – 118° – 17°549
.B
= 44°69
dn
Solve each of the following. 5
Contoh 1
S
A
ari dua nilai yang mungkin bagi ∠C dalam segi
C
tiga ABC. Seterusnya, lakar segi tiga ABC’. Diberi C’
terletak pada BC dengan keadaan AC = AC’.
Find two possible values of ∠C in triangle ABC. Hence, gi 8.2 cm 5.7 cm
an
sketch triangle ABC’, given C’ lies on BC such that
34° 53°33ʹ
AC = AC’. B C
Penyelesaian:
l
Pe
sin C = 0.8045
126°27ʹ
34° 53°33ʹ
ta
sin C = 0.9201
∠C = 66°56’ atau 180 – 66°56’ A
= 113°4’
166
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
Contoh 2
A
Dalam rajah di sebelah, BCD ialah garis lurus. Hitung 73°
In the diagram, BCD is a straight line. Calculate 8 cm
9
(i) ∠ABC,
cm
(ii) panjang AD. B
28°
D
the length of AD. 10.5 cm C
Penyelesaian:
(i) Dalam/ In ∆ABC, (ii) Dalam/ In ∆ABD,
.
sin ∠ABC = sin 73° AD 8
hd
=
9 10.5 sin 55°3’ sin 28°
sin ∠ABC = × sin 73°
9 AD = 8 × sin 55°3’
10.5 sin 28°
.B
= 0.8197 = 13.97 cm
∠ABC = 55°3’
dn
(b) Dalam rajah di sebelah, ABC ialah garis lurus. A
11.2 cm B
C
Hitung 43°
S
In the diagram, ABC is a straight line. Calculate
13 cm
(i) panjang BD, 85°
gi
the length of BD, D
(ii) ∠BCD.
an
(i) Dalam ∆ABD, (ii) Dalam ∆BCD,
BD = 11.2 ∠DBC = 43° + 85°
sin 43° sin 85° = 128°
l
BD = 11.2 × sin 43° sin ∠BCD = sin 128°
Pe
sin 85° 7.668 13
= 7.668 cm
sin ∠BCD = 7.668 × sin 128°
13
n
= 0.4648
∠BCD = 27°42’
ta
C
ABCD. Hitung
The diagram shows a quadrilateral ABCD. Calculate
er
BAB
22 cm
the length of AC, 9°
B
(ii) ∠ADC. 138°
n
6 cm
55°
A
9
Pe
D
(i) Dalam ∆ABC, (ii) Dalam ∆ACD,
AC = 6 sin ∠ADC = sin 55°
sin 138° sin 9° 25.66 22
AC = 6 × sin 138° sin ∠ADC = 25.66 × sin 55°
sin 9° 22
= 25.66 cm = 0.9554
∠ADC = 72°509
167
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
Petua Kosinus
9.2 Cosine Rule
NOTA IMBASAN
.
(a) Dua sisi dan satu sudut kandung diberikan.
hd
Two sides and one included angle are given.
B a C
.B
b
Petua kosinus diberi oleh
Cosine rule is given by
C
dn
a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc kos A a
a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A
(b) Tiga sisi diberikan.
b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac kos B Three sides are given.
S
b = a + c – 2ac cos B
2 2 2
c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab kos C
c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C
gi c b
an
a
l
Pe
Contoh (a)
n
7 cm x x 9 cm
ta
52° 78°
8 cm 10.6 cm
bi
9 (b) (c)
Pe
x
9.2 cm 137° 15 cm
8.5 cm 13 cm x
125°
168
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
Contoh (a) R
P
17.6 cm 9 cm 8 cm
8.9 cm
R
Q 11.4 cm Q P
10 cm
.
Calculate ∠PRQ in the triangle PQR.
hd
Calculate the largest angle in the triangle PQR.
Penyelesaian: 102 = 82 + 92 – 2(8)(9) kos ∠PRQ
100 = 145 – 144 kos ∠PRQ
∠Q ialah sudut terbesar kerana ∠Q bertentangan
.B
dengan sisi terpanjang. kos ∠PRQ = 145 – 100
∠Q is the biggest angle because ∠Q is opposite to the 144
longest side. = 0.3125
dn
17.62 = 8.92 + 11.42 – 2(8.9)(11.4) kos Q ∠PRQ = 71°479
309.76 = 209.17 – 202.92 kos Q
kos Q = 209.17 – 309.76
S
202.92
= –0.4957
∠Q = 119°43’
gi
l an
Pe
R
Hitung sudut terbesar dalam segi tiga PQR.
ta
Calculate the largest angle in the triangle PQR. Hitung sudut terkecil dalam segi tiga PQR.
Calculate the smallest angle in the triangle PQR.
∠Q ialah sudut terbesar kerana ∠Q bertentangan
bi
BAB
42.25 = 228.29 – 225.4 kos Q
kos Q = 167.24 – 225
164 kos Q = 228.29 – 42.25
n
= –0.3522 225.4
9
Pe
∠Q = 110°379 = 0.8254
∠Q = 34°22’
169
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
Contoh
Penyelesaian:
A (i) Dalam/ In ∆ABC,
8 cm 14 cm 82 = 62 + 72 – 2(6)(7) kos ∠ACB
6 cm
64 = 85 – 84 kos ∠ACB
kos ∠ACB = 85 – 64
B D
7 cm C
84
.
= 0.25
hd
Dalam rajah di atas, BCD ialah garis lurus.
∠ACB = 75°319
Hitung
In the diagram, BCD is a straight line. Calculate
(i) ∠ACB, (ii) Dalam/ In ∆ACD,
.B
(ii) ∠ADC. ∠ACD = 180° – 75°319
= 104°299
sin ∠ADC = sin 104°299
dn
6 14
sin ∠ADC = 6 × sin 104°299
14
S
∠ADC = 24°319
(a) S gi (b) D C
an
15 cm 130°
7 cm cm
12 8 cm
P R
8 cm Q 10 cm
l
A B
Pe
5 cm
Dalam rajah di atas, PQR ialah garis lurus. Hitung
In the diagram, PQR is a straight line. Calculate Dalam rajah di atas, ABCD ialah sebuah trapezium.
(i) ∠RQS, Hitung
In the diagram, ABCD is a trapezium. Calculate
n
170
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
NOTA IMBASAN
1. Rumus luas segi tiga boleh digunakan apabila dua sisi 2. Hukum Heron boleh digunakan untuk mencari luas
dan satu sudut kandung diberikan. segi tiga apabila tiga sisi diberikan.
The formula of area of triangle can be used when two sides and Heron’s Law can be used to find the area of triangle when three
one included angle are given sides are given.
.
C
hd
c b
a b
.B
a
dn
B c A
Luas ∆ABC = √s(s – a)(s – b)(s – c)
Area of ∆ABC
Luas ∆ABC = 1 ab sin C
S
dengan a, b dan c adalah sisi segi tiga dan
Area of ∆ABC 2 where a, b and c are sides of the triangle and
1
= ac sin B a+b+c
gi
2 s=
1 2
= bc sin A
2
an
7. Hitung luas bagi setiap segi tiga yang berikut.
NOTA
l
Calculate the area of each of the following triangles. 4
Pe
Contoh 1 (a) Q
C 8.2 cm 98° 10 cm
n
8 cm P R
ta
65°
A B
12 cm
Luas ∆PQR = 1 (8.2)(10) sin 98°
bi
Penyelesaian: 2
= 40.60 cm2
(i) Luas/
Area ∆ABC =
1 (8)(12) sin 65°
er
BAB
= 43.50 cm2
n
C B
52° 11 9
sin ∠ACB = 11 × sin 52°
9
9 cm 11 cm
∠ACB = 74°24’
∠CAB = 180° – 74°24’ – 52°
= 53°36’
A
Luas ∆ABC = 1 (9)(11) sin 53°36’
2
= 39.84 cm2
171
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
(c) R P
64°
sin ∠QPR = sin 64°
13 17
13 cm 17 cm 13 × sin 64°
sin ∠QPR =
17
Q
∠QPR = 43°25’
∠Qpr = 180° – 43°25’ – 64°
= 72°35’
Luas ∆PQR = 1 (13)(17) sin 72°35’
.
hd
2
= 105.43 cm2
.B
Contoh 2
dn
s = a + b + c Luas/ Area ∆PQR
R 2 = √s(s – a)(s – b)(s – c)
9 cm 8 cm s = 9 + 8 + 10 = √13.5(13.5 – 8)(13.5 – 9)(13.5 – 10)
2
S
= √13.5(5.5)(4.5)(3.5)
Q P = 13.5
10 cm = √1 169.44
Tip
gi = 34.20 cm2
an
Guna Hukum Heron untuk
mencari luas segi tiga.
Use Heron law to find the
area of triangle.
l
Pe
(d)
12 cm
s = 5.7 + 7.5 + 12 Luas ∆ABC
n
A B
2 = √12.6(12.6 – 5.7)(12.6 – 7.5)(12.6 – 12)
= 12.6
ta
5.7 cm 7.5 cm
= √12.6(6.9)(5.1)(0.6)
C = √266.04
bi
= 16.31 cm2
er
BAB
(e)
9
Pe
P
s = 4.5 + 6 + 10.1 Luas ∆ABC
2 = √10.3(10.3 – 4.5)(10.3 – 6)(10.3 – 10.1)
10.1 cm
6 cm = 10.3
= √10.3(5.8)(4.3)(0.2)
Q 4.5 cm
R = √51.376
= 7.168 cm2
172
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
Contoh (a) U
T W
U V V
.
W
S
hd
R T
5 cm
8 cm 12 cm 6 cm
P 10 cm Q
R 8 cm S
.B
Rajah di atas menunjukkan sebuah kuboid. Cari
The diagram shows a cuboid. Find Rajah di atas menunjukkan sebuah prisma tegak.
(i) ∠TQU, Cari
dn
(ii) luas ∆TQU. The diagram shows a right prism. Find
the area of ∆TQU. (i) ∠WSU,
(ii) luas segi tiga WSU.
Penyelesaian: the area of triangle WSU.
S
(i) QU =
52 + 102
Teoem Pythagoras
= 11.18 cm (i) SU =
122 + 62
gi
Pythagorean Theorem
a2 = b2 + c2 = 13.42 cm
QS =
102 + 82
= 12.81 cm WS =
122 + 82
an
= 14.42 cm
QT =
52 + 12.812 Petua kosinus
= 13.75 cm Cosine rule WU =
82 + 62
l
= 10 cm
82 = 11.182 + 13.752 – 2(11.18)(13.75) kos ∠TQU
Pe
= 44.73 cm2
= 64.64 cm2
er
(b) PQR ialah sebuah segi tiga dengan PQ = 7.3 cm, (i) s = 7.3 + 9.6 + 14.7 = 15.8
BAB
QR = 9.6 cm dan PR = 14.7 cm. Hitung 2
n
173
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
(c) Rajah menunjukkan sebuah prisma tegak. (i) Luas ∆ABC = 62 cm2
Segi tiga ABC ialah keratan rentas prisma itu 1 (8)(20) sin ∠ABC = 62
dengan keadaan ∠ABC ialah sudut cakah. 2
The diagram shows a right prism. Triangle ABC is the sin ∠ABC = 62 × 2
uniform cross-section of the prism where ∠ABC is an 8 × 20
obtuse angle. = 0.775
∠ABC = 180° – 50°489 (sudut cakah)
A C = 129°129
B 5 cm
.
F D (ii) AC2 = 82 + 202 – 2(8)(20) kos 129°129
hd
8 cm 20 cm = 666.25
E AC = 25.81 cm
.B
Diberi luas segi tiga ABC ialah 62 cm2, hitung
Given the area of triangle ABC is 62 cm2, calculate
(i) ∠ABC,
dn
(ii) panjang AC.
the length of AC.
S
PRAKTIS gi
SPM 9
an
Kertas 2 (b) (i) Lakar sebuah ∆P’Q’R’ yang bentuknya
l
berbeza daripada ∆PQR dengan keadaan
Pe
20° 50°
(a) (i) QR = 3.3
bi
174
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
(b) (i) P R
(a) (i) ∠ADC = 180° – 105° = 75°
AC2 = 112 + 102 – 2(11)(10) kos 75°
AC = 12.809 cm
.
hd
(b) (i) Luas DACD
Q
= 1 × 11 × 10 × sin 75°
2
= 53.126 cm2
.B
(ii) ∠Q’P’R’ + 20° = 45°
∠Q’P’R’ = 45° – 20° (ii) D
= 25°
dn
t
A C
S
12.809 cm
3. P
B 105° D
n
86.18°
11 cm 5 cm 9 cm
5 cm
ta
(a) Hitung
bi
Q R S
Calculate
10 cm
(i) panjang, dalam cm, AC,
er
BAB
(ii) ∠ACB. tiga PRS dengan keadaan QRS ialah garis lurus.
Diberi ∠QPS = 86.18°, PS = 9 cm, QS = 10 cm dan
n
Find The diagram shows triangle PQR and triangle PRS where
(i) luas, dalam cm2, bagi ∆ACD, QRS is a straight line. It is given that ∠QPS = 86.18°,
the area, in cm2, of ∆ACD, PS = 9 cm, QS = 10 cm and PQ = PR = 5 cm.
(ii) jarak terdekat, dalam cm, dari titik D ke (a) Cari / Find
AC. (i) ∠PSQ,
the shortest distance, in cm, from point D to (ii) panjang, dalam cm, bagi QR,
AC. the length, in cm, of QR,
(iii) luas, dalam cm2, bagi ∆PRS.
the area, in cm2, of ∆PRS.
175
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
V
12 m S
Q R S
P
10 cm Q 70°
22 m
Dalam rajah di atas, ∆TPQ ialah imej bagi
20 m
.
∆RPQ di bawah pantulan pada garis PQ.
hd
Hitung panjang, dalam cm, bagi ST. R
In the diagram, ∆TPQ is the image of ∆RPQ under
a reflection in the line PQ. Calculate the length, in
cm, of ST. VQSP ialah sebuah piramid dengan keadaan
.B
PQ = 8 m dan V adalah 5 m tegak di atas P.
VQSP is a pyramid such that PQ = 8 m and V is 5 m
(a) (i) 52 = 92 + 102 – 2(9)(10) kos ∠PSQ
vertically above P.
dn
kos ∠PSQ = 181 – 25 Cari / Find
180 (a) ∠QSR,
= 0.8667 (b) panjang, dalam m, bagi QS,
∠PSQ = 29.93°
S
the length, in m, of QS,
(c) luas, dalam m2, bagi satah condong QVS,
(ii) Dalam ∆PQR, the area, in m2, of inclined plane QVS.
∠PQR = 180° – 86.18° – 29.93°
= 63.9° gi (a) sin ∠QSR = sin 70°
an
20 22
∠QPR = 180° – 63.9° – 63.9°
sin ∠QSR = 20 × sin 70°
= 52.2°
22
QR2 = 52 + 52 – 2(5)(5) kos 52.2°
= 0.8543
l
= 19.35
Pe
∠QSR = 58°419
QR = 4.40 cm
(b) ∠QRS = 180° – 58°41’ – 70°
(iii) Dalam ∆PRS,
= 51°19’
n
= 333.986
Luas ∆PRS = 1 (5)(9) sin 33.98°
2 QS = 18.28 m
bi
= 12.58 cm2
(c) VQ = √82 + 52 = 9.434 m
(b) P VS = √122 + 52 = 13 m
er
5 cm
BAB
52.2°
T V
86.18°
9 cm 9.434 m 13 m
n
Q S
18.28 m
9
Pe
S
Q R
s = 9.434 + 18.28 + 13
Dalam ∆TPQ, ∠TPQ = ∠QPR = 52.2° 2
Dalam ∆TPS, ∠TPS = 52.2° + 86.18° = 20.36
= 138.38° Luas ∆QVS
ST2 = 52 + 92 – 2(5)(9) kos 138.38° = √20.36(20.36 – 9.434)(20.36 – 18.28)(20.36 – 13)
= 173.28 = √20.36(10.926)(2.08)(7.36)
ST = 13.16 cm = √3 405.49
= 58.36 m2
176
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
.
rectangle. PTS is a uniform cross section of the prism.
= 33.28
hd
QST is a plane in the prism. Luas ∆QTS
U
= √33.28(33.28 – 19.799)(33.28 – 18.698)(33.28 – 28.058)
R
.B
= √33.28(13.481)(14.582)(5.222)
T = √34163.266
S = 184.83 cm2
dn
Q
S
Diberi bahawa ∠PST = 35° dan ∠TPS = 50°, 19.799 cm 18.698 cm
h
gi
It is given that ∠PST = 35° and ∠TPS = 50°,
cari / find Q S
28.058 cm
(a) panjang, dalam cm, bagi ST,
an
the length, in cm, of ST,
(b) luas, dalam cm2, satah QST, luas ∆QTS = 184.83
the area, in cm2, of the QST plane, 1 (QS)(h) = 184.83
l
(c) panjang terdekat, dalam cm, dari titik T ke 2
Pe
1 (28.058)(h) = 184.83
garis lurus QS,
the shortest length, in cm, from point T to the straight 2
h = 13.17 cm
line QS.
n
(a) ST = 14
sin 50° sin 35°
ta
ST = 14 sin 50°
sin 35°
bi
= 18.698 cm 6. K 9 cm L
SPM
(b) ∠PTS = 180° – 50° – 35° 2015
er
62°
BAB
= 95°
18.698 PS 7 cm
=
n
177
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
(b)
(i) Lakar satu segi tiga K9L9N9 yang 7. C
mempunyai bentuk berlainan daripada KBAT
segi tiga KLN dengan keadaan K9N9 = KN,
K9L9 = KL dan ∠K9L9N9 = ∠KLN,
Sketch a triangle K9L9N9 which has a different
10.6 cm
shape from triangle KLN such that K9N9 = KN,
K9L9 = KL and ∠K9L9N9 = ∠KLN,
(ii) Seterusnya, nyatakan ∠K9N9L9. 115°
Hence, state ∠K9N9L9.
A B
8 cm
.
(a) (i) LN = 10
hd
sin 80° sin 62° Rajah di atas menunjukkan sebuah segi tiga ABC.
The diagram shows a triangle ABC.
LN = 10 × sin 80°
sin 62° (a) Hitung panjang, dalam cm, bagi AC.
.B
= 11.1536 cm Calculate the length, in cm, of AC.
≈ 11.15 cm (b) Diberi panjang CB dipanjangkan manakala
panjang AB, panjang AC dan ∠ACB
dn
(ii) dikekalkan. Hitung luas, dalam cm2, segi tiga
92 = 72 + 11.15362 – 2(7)(11.1536) kos ∠KNL yang baharu.
Given that CB is extended but the lengths of AB,
81 = 49 + 124.4028 − 156.1504 kos ∠KNL
AC and ∠ACB remain the same. Calculate the area,
S
−92.4028 = −156.1504 kos ∠KNL in cm2, of the new triangle.
kos ∠KNL = –92.4028
–156.1504
∠KNL = kos 0.5918 −1
gi (a) AC2 = 82 + 10.62 – 2(8)(10.6) kos 115°
= 248.04
an
= 53°43’ AC = 15.75 cm
2
= 31.4682 cm2
10.6 cm
n
115°
2
= 34.3342 cm2 A B
50° 65°
bi
= 65.8024 cm2
BAB
≈ 65.80 cm2 Bʹ
n
Lʹ
= 1 (8)(10.6) sin 115° + 1 (8)(8) sin 50°
7 cm 2 2
Nʹ
7 cm = 38.43 + 24.51
53°43ʹ = 62.94 cm2
N
(ii) ∠K9N9L9 = 180° − 53°439
= 126°179
178
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
Sudut KBAT
Untuk mengganggar luas sebuah tasik, Diyanah berjalan mengikut B
perimeter tasik. Rajah menunjukkan laluan yang diambil oleh
Diyanah. Menggunakan kaedah ini, anggarkan luas tasik tersebut. 30 m
To estimate the area of the lake, Diyanah walks along the perimeter of 50 m
the lake. Diagram shows the path taken by Diyanah. Using this method, C
100°
estimate the area of the lake.
.
hd
50°
A 20 m
30 m
E 25 m D
.B
Luas ABE = 1 (30)(50) sin 50°
2
dn
= 574.53 m2
S
= 295.44 m2
gi
BE2 = 502 + 302 – 2(50)(30) kos 50°
BE = 38.36 m
an
BD2 = 202 + 302 – 2(20)(30) kos 100°
BD = 38.84 m
l
B
Pe
38.36 m 38.84 m
n
E 25 m D
ta
s = 38.36 + 38.84 + 25
bi
2
= 51.1
er
BAB
Luas BED = √51.1(51.1 – 38.36)(51.1 – 38.84)(51.1 – 25)
n
= √51.1(12.74)(12.26)(26.1)
= √208 315.37
9
Pe
= 456.42 m2
+
+
KBAT
+ Ekstra
179
Module &
MORE
Additional Mathematics
ANSWERS
Chapter 9
B
BA
Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
9 Solution of Triangles
.
hd
NOTA IMBASAN
1. Petua sinus / Sine rule 3. Kes berambiguiti bermakna terdapat dua buah segi
.B
A tiga yang berlainan boleh terbentuk.
Ambiguous case means that there are two different triangles
that can be formed.
dn
c b 4. Kes berambiguiti berlaku apabila dua keadaan berikut
wujud.
Ambiguous case occurs when these two conditions exist.
S
(a) Dua sisi dan satu sudut tirus bukan kandung
B a C
diberikan.
Petua sinus diberi oleh
Sine rule is given by
gi Two sides and one acute non-included angle are given.
(b) Sudut tirus bukan kandung adalah bertentangan
dengan sisi yang lebih pendek itu.
an
a b c The acute non-included angle is opposite to the shorter
= =
sin A sin B sin C side.
atau / or
l
sin A sin B sin C C
Pe
= =
a b c
2. Petua sinus boleh digunakan untuk menyelesaikan
suatu segi tiga di bawah dua keadaan yang berikut. b a a
n
Sine rule can be used to solve a triangle under the following two
conditions.
ta
A
Pe
B A
164
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
6.5 cm x 85°
.
hd
80° 52°
.B
x = 6.5
sin 80° sin 52° Tekan 6 . 5 × x = 7.3 × sin 44°
Press sin 85°
x = 6.5 × sin 80° sin 8 0 ÷
dn
sin 52° = 5.090 cm
= 8.123 cm sin 5 2 =
S
(b) (c) x
115° x 22° 35°
5.8 cm 20°
gi 7.5 cm
an
x = 7.5
x = 5.8 sin (180° – 22° – 35°) sin 20°
l
sin (180° – 20° – 115°) sin 20°
x = 7.5
Pe
x = 5.8
sin 45° sin 20° sin 123° sin 22°
= 11.991 cm = 16.791 cm
ta
bi
Contoh (a)
BAB
80°
9.6 cm 62°
n
9.3 cm
9
Pe
y
12.8 cm
8.9 cm y
165
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
.
sin y = 20.1
hd
13
sin y = 0.6094 sin x = 0.3075
y = 37°339 x = 17°549
y = 180° – 118° – 17°549
.B
= 44°69
dn
Solve each of the following. 5
Contoh 1
S
A
ari dua nilai yang mungkin bagi ∠C dalam segi
C
tiga ABC. Seterusnya, lakar segi tiga ABC’. Diberi C’
terletak pada BC dengan keadaan AC = AC’.
Find two possible values of ∠C in triangle ABC. Hence, gi 8.2 cm 5.7 cm
an
sketch triangle ABC’, given C’ lies on BC such that
34° 53°33ʹ
AC = AC’. B C
Penyelesaian:
l
Pe
sin C = 0.8045
126°27ʹ
34° 53°33ʹ
ta
sin C = 0.9201
∠C = 66°56’ atauor 180 – 66°56’ A
= 113°4’
166
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
Contoh 2
A
Dalam rajah di sebelah, BCD ialah garis lurus. Hitung 73°
In the diagram, BCD is a straight line. Calculate 8 cm
9
(i) ∠ABC,
cm
(ii) panjang AD. B
28°
D
the length of AD. 10.5 cm C
Penyelesaian:
(i) Dalam/ In ∆ABC, (ii) Dalam/ In ∆ABD,
.
sin ∠ABC = sin 73° AD 8
hd
=
9 10.5 sin 55°3’ sin 28°
sin ∠ABC = × sin 73°
9 AD = 8 × sin 55°3’
10.5 sin 28°
.B
= 0.8197 = 13.97 cm
∠ABC = 55°3’
dn
(b) Dalam rajah di sebelah, ABC ialah garis lurus. A
11.2 cm B
C
Hitung 43°
S
In the diagram, ABC is a straight line. Calculate
13 cm
(i) panjang BD, 85°
gi
the length of BD, D
(ii) ∠BCD.
an
(i) DalamIn ∆ABD, (ii) Dalam
In ∆BCD,
∠DBC = 43° + 85°
BD = 11.2
sin 43° sin 85° = 128°
l
BD = 11.2 × sin 43° sin ∠BCD = sin 128°
Pe
sin 85° 7.668 13
= 7.668 cm
sin ∠BCD = 7.668 × sin 128°
13
n
= 0.4648
∠BCD = 27°42’
ta
C
ABCD. Hitung
The diagram shows a quadrilateral ABCD. Calculate
er
BAB
22 cm
the length of AC, 9°
B
(ii) ∠ADC. 138°
n
6 cm
55°
A
9
Pe
D
(i) Dalam
In ∆ABC, (ii) Dalam
In ∆ACD,
AC = 6 sin ∠ADC = sin 55°
sin 138° sin 9° 25.66 22
AC = 6 × sin 138° sin ∠ADC = 25.66 × sin 55°
sin 9° 22
= 25.66 cm = 0.9554
∠ADC = 72°509
167
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
Petua Kosinus
9.2 Cosine Rule
NOTA IMBASAN
.
(a) Dua sisi dan satu sudut kandung diberikan.
hd
Two sides and one included angle are given.
B a C
.B
b
Petua kosinus diberi oleh
Cosine rule is given by
C
dn
a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc kos A a
a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A
(b) Tiga sisi diberikan.
b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac kos B Three sides are given.
S
b = a + c – 2ac cos B
2 2 2
c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab kos C
c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C
gi c b
an
a
l
Pe
Contoh (a)
n
7 cm x x 9 cm
ta
52° 78°
8 cm 10.6 cm
bi
9 (b) (c)
Pe
x
9.2 cm 137° 15 cm
8.5 cm 13 cm x
125°
168
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
Contoh (a) R
P
17.6 cm 9 cm 8 cm
8.9 cm
R
Q 11.4 cm Q P
10 cm
.
Calculate ∠PRQ in the triangle PQR.
hd
Calculate the largest angle in the triangle PQR.
Penyelesaian: 102 = 82 + 92 – 2(8)(9) koscos ∠PRQ
100 = 145 – 144 kos
cos ∠PRQ
∠Q ialah sudut terbesar kerana ∠Q bertentangan
.B
cos ∠PRQ =
kos 145 – 100
dengan sisi terpanjang.
∠Q is the biggest angle because ∠Q is opposite to the 144
longest side. = 0.3125
dn
17.62 = 8.92 + 11.42 – 2(8.9)(11.4) kos Q ∠PRQ = 71°479
309.76 = 209.17 – 202.92 kos Q
kos Q = 209.17 – 309.76
S
202.92
= –0.4957
∠Q = 119°43’
gi
l an
Pe
R
Hitung sudut terbesar dalam segi tiga PQR.
ta
Calculate the largest angle in the triangle PQR. Hitung sudut terkecil dalam segi tiga PQR.
Calculate the smallest angle in the triangle PQR.
∠Q ialah
is thesudut
biggestterbesar kerana ∠Q bertentangan
angle because is opposite
bi
225 = 167.24 – 164 kos cos Q 6.52 = 9.82 + 11.52 – 2(9.8)(11.5) kos cos Q
BAB
167.24 – 225 42.25 = 228.29 – 225.4 kos cos Q
kos
cos Q =
228.29 – 42.25
164
n
kos
cos Q =
= –0.3522 225.4
9
Pe
∠Q = 110°379 = 0.8254
∠Q = 34°22’
169
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
Contoh
Penyelesaian:
A (i) Dalam/ In ∆ABC,
8 cm 14 cm 82 = 62 + 72 – 2(6)(7) kos ∠ACB
6 cm
64 = 85 – 84 kos ∠ACB
kos ∠ACB = 85 – 64
B D
7 cm C
84
.
= 0.25
hd
Dalam rajah di atas, BCD ialah garis lurus.
∠ACB = 75°319
Hitung
In the diagram, BCD is a straight line. Calculate
(i) ∠ACB, (ii) Dalam/ In ∆ACD,
.B
(ii) ∠ADC. ∠ACD = 180° – 75°319
= 104°299
sin ∠ADC = sin 104°299
dn
6 14
sin ∠ADC = 6 × sin 104°299
14
S
∠ADC = 24°319
(a) S gi (b) D C
an
15 cm 130°
7 cm cm
12 8 cm
P R
8 cm Q 10 cm
l
A B
Pe
5 cm
Dalam rajah di atas, PQR ialah garis lurus. Hitung
In the diagram, PQR is a straight line. Calculate Dalam rajah di atas, ABCD ialah sebuah trapezium.
(i) ∠RQS, Hitung
In the diagram, ABCD is a trapezium. Calculate
n
In ∆PQS,
(ii) Dalam ∠BAC = 28°579
∠PQS = 180° – 122°539
= 57°7’ (ii) Dalam
In ∆ACD,
PS2 = 72 + 82 – 2(7)(8) kos
cos 57°79 ∠ACD = 28°579
= 52.19 AD = 12
PS = 7.224 cm sin 28°57’ sin 130°
AD = 12 × sin 28°57’
sin 130°
AD = 7.583 cm
170
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
NOTA IMBASAN
1. Rumus luas segi tiga boleh digunakan apabila dua sisi 2. Hukum Heron boleh digunakan untuk mencari luas
dan satu sudut kandung diberikan. segi tiga apabila tiga sisi diberikan.
The formula of area of triangle can be used when two sides and Heron’s Law can be used to find the area of triangle when three
one included angle are given sides are given.
.
C
hd
c b
a b
.B
a
dn
B c A
Luas ∆ABC = √s(s – a)(s – b)(s – c)
Area of ∆ABC
Luas ∆ABC = 1 ab sin C
S
dengan a, b dan c adalah sisi segi tiga dan
Area of ∆ABC 2 where a, b and c are sides of the triangle and
1
= ac sin B a+b+c
gi
2 s=
1 2
= bc sin A
2
an
7. Hitung luas bagi setiap segi tiga yang berikut.
NOTA
l
Calculate the area of each of the following triangles. 4
Pe
Contoh 1 (a) Q
C 8.2 cm 98° 10 cm
n
8 cm P R
ta
65°
A B
12 cm
Luas 1
Area ∆PQR = (8.2)(10) sin 98°
bi
Penyelesaian: 2
= 40.60 cm2
(i) Luas/
Area ∆ABC =
1 (8)(12) sin 65°
er
BAB
= 43.50 cm2
n
C B
52° 11 9
sin ∠ACB = 11 × sin 52°
9
9 cm 11 cm
∠ACB = 74°24’
∠CAB = 180° – 74°24’ – 52°
= 53°36’
A
Luas 1
Area ∆ABC = (9)(11) sin 53°36’
2
= 39.84 cm2
171
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
(c) R P
64°
sin ∠QPR = sin 64°
13 17
13 cm 17 cm 13 × sin 64°
sin ∠QPR =
17
Q
∠QPR = 43°25’
∠Qpr = 180° – 43°25’ – 64°
= 72°35’
1
.
Area ∆PQR = (13)(17) sin 72°35’
Luas
hd
2
= 105.43 cm2
.B
Contoh 2
dn
s = a + b + c Luas/ Area ∆PQR
R 2 = √s(s – a)(s – b)(s – c)
9 cm 8 cm s = 9 + 8 + 10 = √13.5(13.5 – 8)(13.5 – 9)(13.5 – 10)
2
S
= √13.5(5.5)(4.5)(3.5)
Q P = 13.5
10 cm = √1 169.44
Tip
gi = 34.20 cm2
an
Guna Hukum Heron untuk
mencari luas segi tiga.
Use Heron law to find the
area of triangle.
l
Pe
(d)
12 cm
s = 5.7 + 7.5 + 12 Luas
Area ∆ABC
n
A B
2 = √12.6(12.6 – 5.7)(12.6 – 7.5)(12.6 – 12)
= 12.6
ta
5.7 cm 7.5 cm
= √12.6(6.9)(5.1)(0.6)
C = √266.04
bi
= 16.31 cm2
er
BAB
(e)
9
Pe
P
s = 4.5 + 6 + 10.1 Luas
Area ∆ABC
2 = √10.3(10.3 – 4.5)(10.3 – 6)(10.3 – 10.1)
10.1 cm
6 cm = 10.3
= √10.3(5.8)(4.3)(0.2)
Q 4.5 cm
R = √51.376
= 7.168 cm2
172
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
Contoh (a) U
T W
U V V
.
W
S
hd
R T
5 cm
8 cm 12 cm 6 cm
P 10 cm Q
R 8 cm S
.B
Rajah di atas menunjukkan sebuah kuboid. Cari
The diagram shows a cuboid. Find Rajah di atas menunjukkan sebuah prisma tegak.
(i) ∠TQU, Cari
dn
(ii) luas ∆TQU. The diagram shows a right prism. Find
the area of ∆TQU. (i) ∠WSU,
(ii) luas segi tiga WSU.
Penyelesaian: the area of triangle WSU.
S
(i) QU =
52 + 102
Teoem Pythagoras
= 11.18 cm (i) SU =
122 + 62
gi
Pythagorean Theorem
a2 = b2 + c2 = 13.42 cm
QS =
102 + 82
= 12.81 cm WS =
122 + 82
an
= 14.42 cm
QT =
52 + 12.812 Petua kosinus
= 13.75 cm Cosine rule WU =
82 + 62
l
= 10 cm
82 = 11.182 + 13.752 – 2(11.18)(13.75) kos ∠TQU
Pe
= 44.73 cm2
= 64.64 cm2
er
(b) PQR ialah sebuah segi tiga dengan PQ = 7.3 cm, (i) s = 7.3 + 9.6 + 14.7 = 15.8
BAB
QR = 9.6 cm dan PR = 14.7 cm. Hitung 2
n
173
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
.
F D (ii) AC2 = 82 + 202 – 2(8)(20) kos
cos 129°129
hd
8 cm 20 cm = 666.25
E AC = 25.81 cm
.B
Diberi luas segi tiga ABC ialah 62 cm2, hitung
Given the area of triangle ABC is 62 cm2, calculate
(i) ∠ABC,
dn
(ii) panjang AC.
the length of AC.
S
PRAKTIS gi
SPM 9
an
Kertas 2 (b) (i) Lakar sebuah ∆P’Q’R’ yang bentuknya
l
berbeza daripada ∆PQR dengan keadaan
Pe
20° 50°
(a) (i) QR = 3.3
bi
174
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
(b) (i) P R
(a) (i) ∠ADC = 180° – 105° = 75°
AC2 = 112 + 102 – 2(11)(10) kos
cos 75°
AC = 12.809 cm
.
hd
(b) (i) Luas
Area DACD
Q
= 1 × 11 × 10 × sin 75°
2
= 53.126 cm2
.B
(ii) ∠Q’P’R’ + 20° = 45°
∠Q’P’R’ = 45° – 20° (ii) D
= 25°
dn
t
A C
S
12.809 cm
Luas
Area DACD = 53.126
3. P
B 105° D
n
86.18°
11 cm 5 cm 9 cm
5 cm
ta
(a) Hitung
bi
Q R S
Calculate
10 cm
(i) panjang, dalam cm, AC,
er
BAB
(ii) ∠ACB. tiga PRS dengan keadaan QRS ialah garis lurus.
Diberi ∠QPS = 86.18°, PS = 9 cm, QS = 10 cm dan
n
Find The diagram shows triangle PQR and triangle PRS where
(i) luas, dalam cm2, bagi ∆ACD, QRS is a straight line. It is given that ∠QPS = 86.18°,
the area, in cm2, of ∆ACD, PS = 9 cm, QS = 10 cm and PQ = PR = 5 cm.
(ii) jarak terdekat, dalam cm, dari titik D ke (a) Cari / Find
AC. (i) ∠PSQ,
the shortest distance, in cm, from point D to (ii) panjang, dalam cm, bagi QR,
AC. the length, in cm, of QR,
(iii) luas, dalam cm2, bagi ∆PRS.
the area, in cm2, of ∆PRS.
175
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
V
12 m S
Q R S
P
10 cm Q 70°
22 m
Dalam rajah di atas, ∆TPQ ialah imej bagi
20 m
.
∆RPQ di bawah pantulan pada garis PQ.
hd
Hitung panjang, dalam cm, bagi ST. R
In the diagram, ∆TPQ is the image of ∆RPQ under
a reflection in the line PQ. Calculate the length, in
cm, of ST. VQSP ialah sebuah piramid dengan keadaan
.B
PQ = 8 m dan V adalah 5 m tegak di atas P.
VQSP is a pyramid such that PQ = 8 m and V is 5 m
(a) (i) 52 = 92 + 102 – 2(9)(10) kos
cos ∠PSQ
vertically above P.
dn
kos cos ∠PSQ =
181 – 25 Cari / Find
180 (a) ∠QSR,
= 0.8667 (b) panjang, dalam m, bagi QS,
∠PSQ = 29.93°
S
the length, in m, of QS,
(c) luas, dalam m2, bagi satah condong QVS,
(ii) Dalam
In ∆PQR, the area, in m2, of inclined plane QVS.
∠PQR = 180° – 86.18° – 29.93°
= 63.9° gi (a) sin ∠QSR = sin 70°
an
20 22
∠QPR = 180° – 63.9° – 63.9°
sin ∠QSR = 20 × sin 70°
= 52.2°
22
QR2 = 52 + 52 – 2(5)(5) kos
cos 52.2°
= 0.8543
l
= 19.35
Pe
∠QSR = 58°419
QR = 4.40 cm
(b) ∠QRS = 180° – 58°41’ – 70°
(iii) Dalam
In ∆PRS,
= 51°19’
n
1 = 333.986
Luas Area ∆PRS = (5)(9) sin 33.98°
2 QS = 18.28 m
bi
= 12.58 cm2
(c) VQ = √82 + 52 = 9.434 m
(b) P VS = √122 + 52 = 13 m
er
5 cm
BAB
52.2°
T V
86.18°
9 cm 9.434 m 13 m
n
Q S
18.28 m
9
Pe
S
Q R
s = 9.434 + 18.28 + 13
DalamIn ∆TPQ, ∠TPQ = ∠QPR = 52.2° 2
DalamIn ∆TPS, ∠TPS = 52.2° + 86.18° = 20.36
= 138.38° Luas
Area ∆QVS
ST2 = 52 + 92 – 2(5)(9) kos
cos 138.38° = √20.36(20.36 – 9.434)(20.36 – 18.28)(20.36 – 13)
= 173.28 = √20.36(10.926)(2.08)(7.36)
ST = 13.16 cm = √3 405.49
= 58.36 m2
176
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
.
rectangle. PTS is a uniform cross section of the prism.
= 33.28
hd
QST is a plane in the prism. Luas
Area ∆QTS
U
= √33.28(33.28 – 19.799)(33.28 – 18.698)(33.28 – 28.058)
R
.B
= √33.28(13.481)(14.582)(5.222)
T = √34163.266
S = 184.83 cm2
dn
Q
Let shortest
(c) Katakan length = terdekat
panjang h =h
P
T
S
Diberi bahawa ∠PST = 35° dan ∠TPS = 50°, 19.799 cm 18.698 cm
h
gi
It is given that ∠PST = 35° and ∠TPS = 50°,
cari / find Q S
28.058 cm
(a) panjang, dalam cm, bagi ST,
an
the length, in cm, of ST,
(b) luas, dalam cm2, satah QST, luas
Area ∆QTS = 184.83
the area, in cm2, of the QST plane, 1 (QS)(h) = 184.83
l
(c) panjang terdekat, dalam cm, dari titik T ke 2
Pe
1 (28.058)(h) = 184.83
garis lurus QS,
the shortest length, in cm, from point T to the straight 2
h = 13.17 cm
line QS.
n
(a) ST = 14
sin 50° sin 35°
ta
ST = 14 sin 50°
sin 35°
bi
= 18.698 cm 6. K 9 cm L
SPM
(b) ∠PTS = 180° – 50° – 35° 2015
er
62°
BAB
= 95°
18.698 PS 7 cm
=
n
177
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
(b)
(i) Lakar satu segi tiga K9L9N9 yang 7. C
mempunyai bentuk berlainan daripada KBAT
segi tiga KLN dengan keadaan K9N9 = KN,
K9L9 = KL dan ∠K9L9N9 = ∠KLN,
Sketch a triangle K9L9N9 which has a different
10.6 cm
shape from triangle KLN such that K9N9 = KN,
K9L9 = KL and ∠K9L9N9 = ∠KLN,
(ii) Seterusnya, nyatakan ∠K9N9L9. 115°
Hence, state ∠K9N9L9.
A B
8 cm
.
(a) (i) LN = 10
hd
sin 80° sin 62° Rajah di atas menunjukkan sebuah segi tiga ABC.
The diagram shows a triangle ABC.
LN = 10 × sin 80°
sin 62° (a) Hitung panjang, dalam cm, bagi AC.
.B
= 11.1536 cm Calculate the length, in cm, of AC.
≈ 11.15 cm (b) Diberi panjang CB dipanjangkan manakala
panjang AB, panjang AC dan ∠ACB
dn
(ii) dikekalkan. Hitung luas, dalam cm2, segi tiga
92 = 72 + 11.15362 – 2(7)(11.1536) kos
cos ∠KNL yang baharu.
Given that CB is extended but the lengths of AB,
81 = 49 + 124.4028 − 156.1504 kos cos ∠KNL
AC and ∠ACB remain the same. Calculate the area,
S
−92.4028 = −156.1504 kos cos ∠KNL in cm2, of the new triangle.
kos cos ∠KNL =
–92.4028
–156.1504
cos 0.5918
∠KNL = kos −1
gi (a) AC2 = 82 + 10.62 – 2(8)(10.6) kos
= 248.04
cos 115°
an
= 53°43’ AC = 15.75 cm
(iii) Luas
Area ofsegi
the tiga KLN
triangle KLN (b) C
l
1
Pe
10.6 cm
n
Luas segi
Area of the tiga
triangle
LMN LMN
= 1 (10)(11.1536) sin(180° – 62° – 80°)
ta
115°
2
= 34.3342 cm2 A B
50° 65°
bi
Luas sisi
Area of theempat KLMNKLMN
quadrilateral
8 cm
= (31.4682 + 34.3342)
er
= 65.8024 cm2
BAB
≈ 65.80 cm2 Bʹ
n
Lʹ
= (8)(10.6) sin 115° + 1 (8)(8) sin 50°
1
7 cm 2 2
Nʹ
7 cm = 38.43 + 24.51
53°43ʹ = 62.94 cm2
N
(ii) ∠K9N9L9 = 180° − 53°439
= 126°179
178
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 9 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
Sudut KBAT
Untuk mengganggar luas sebuah tasik, Diyanah berjalan mengikut B
perimeter tasik. Rajah menunjukkan laluan yang diambil oleh
Diyanah. Menggunakan kaedah ini, anggarkan luas tasik tersebut. 30 m
To estimate the area of the lake, Diyanah walks along the perimeter of 50 m
the lake. Diagram shows the path taken by Diyanah. Using this method, C
100°
estimate the area of the lake.
.
hd
50°
A 20 m
30 m
E 25 m D
.B
Luas 1
Area ABE = (30)(50) sin 50°
2
dn
= 574.53 m2
Luas 1
Area BCD = (30)(20) sin 100°
2
S
= 295.44 m2
gi
BE2 = 502 + 302 – 2(50)(30) kos
cos 50°
BE = 38.36 m
an
BD2 = 202 + 302 – 2(20)(30) kos
cos 100°
BD = 38.84 m
l
B
Pe
38.36 m 38.84 m
n
E 25 m D
ta
s = 38.36 + 38.84 + 25
bi
2
= 51.1
er
BAB
Luas
Area BED = √51.1(51.1 – 38.36)(51.1 – 38.84)(51.1 – 25)
n
= √51.1(12.74)(12.26)(26.1)
= √208 315.37
9
Pe
= 456.42 m2
Maka, anggaran
Thus, estimate area luas
of thetasik =
lake 574.53 + 295.44 + 456.42
= 1 326.39 m2
+
+
KBAT
+ Ekstra
179