Nama : Winner P T Daspin Sitanggang

NIM : 41319120130
Mata Kuliah : Alat Penukar Kalor

Tugas 9

Performance Analysis of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger: Parametric Study

Ammar Ali Abd1,3, Mohammed Qasim Kareem1, Samah Zaki Naji2,3

Abstract
Enhancement of heat transfer through shell and tube exchangers stills taking high attention by
researchers. The present work investigated the effect of shell diameter and tube length on heat
transfer coefficient and pressure drop for shell side with both triangular and square pitches.
In addition, the effect of baffle spacing and cutting space on heat transfer coefficient
and pressure drop were studied. Increasing shell diameter with a triangular pitch and
pull-through floating head recorded 3% increasing in heat transfer coefficient for only 0,05m
increasing in shell diameter. While 2.8% increase in heat transfer coefficient for shell side
by 0.05m increasing in shell diameter with split-ring floating head and square pitch. Heat
transfer coefficient for shell side reduced by 15.15% by increasing baffle space by 0.2 from shell
diameter and the pressure drop by 41.25%. Increasing cutting space from 15% to 25%
decreases heat transfer coefficient by 5.56% and the pressure drop diminished by 26.3%.
Increasing tube length by 0.61M leads to enhance the heat transfer coefficient by 31.9%
and pressure drop by 14.11% for tube side. For shell side, increasing tube length by 0.61M
gives 2.2% increasing in heat transfer coefficient and 21.9% increasing for pressure drop.

Introduction
Shell and tube heat exchanger considers one of the most common types of exchangers
widely used in the industrial processes. This exchanger consists of a vessel with different
sizes contains a number of tubes inside. This paper will design shell and tube heat
exchanger by using different parameters to study the effect of baffle spacing, cutting space,
shell diameter, tube length, fouling rate on heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop for shell
and tube sides.

 Effects of shell diameter on shell heat transfer oefficient

for triangular and square pitch

Many factors influence the fluid flow inside shell side such as tubes arrangement, pith type,
baffle space, cutting space, and shell header type. Abd & Naji (2017). Generally, heat transfer
coefficient for shell side increases as shell diameter increases for both triangular and square
pitches. Pull-through floating head with triangular pitch gives 3% increasing in shell heat
transfer coefficient for 0.005m increasing in shell diameter. While split-ring floating head
promotes heat transfer coefficient on shell side by almost 1% only for 0.005m increasing in shell
diameter with a triangular pitch. Outside packed head comes with small shell diameter
compare to two other heads, and the heat transfer coefficient increases by 1.5% for 0.005m
increasing in shell diameter with a triangular pitch. Pull-through floating head increases heat
transfer coefficient for shell side by 0.9%, 2.8% with split-ring floating head, and 1.5% with an
outside-packed head for o.005m increasing in shell diameter.
 Square pitch can be selected as best choice to increase shell diameter for all three
headers.triangular pitch gives the ability to control shell diameter in case of high pressure
drop and high overall heat transfer.
 Effect of baffle and cutting spacing on overall heat
transfer coefficient and pressure drop

Baffles can play a vital role in enhancing heat transfer by increasing velocity and direct the fluid
stream.Figure 3 shows that pressure drop, and heat transfer coefficient decreases as baffle
spacing increases. Where heat transfer coefficient reduces by 15.15% for 0.2 from shell diameter
increasing in baffle spacing. Shell pressure drop decreases by 41.25% to 0.2 from shell diameter
baffle spacing increases as shown in the figure below. Where, increasing baffle space leads to
reduce velocity, as a result, the pressure drop decrease and overall heat transfer as well, this
finding agrees with what was reached by Li and Kottke experimentally.

While figure 4 illustrates that increasing cutting space reducing both heat transfer coefficient and
pressure drop of shell side. It shows that using 15% cutting space lead to higher heat transfer
coefficient and high-pressure drop. Increasing in cutting space by 10% produces decreasing in
shell heat transfer coefficient by 5.56% and the pressure drop reduces by 26.3%Therefore, the
cutting space and baffle spacing can be selected based on the required specification to
balance the pressure drop and high heat transfer.
  Effect of tube length on overall heat transfer coefficient and
pressure drop for tube and shell sides.

Tube length considers as an important factor in balancing pressure drop and heat transfer
coefficient of shell and tube exchangers. analysis study used to check the effect of tube length
on the heat transfer coefficient for both shell and tube sides. In addition, the effect of tube
length on pressure drop tested for both sides as well. Heat transfer coefficient and pressure
drop increase as tube length increase for both sides as shown in figures 5. Figure 5 shows that
tube length increasing by 0.61M result increasing in heat transfer coefficient on tube side by
31.9%. while the pressure drops increase by 14.11% for 0.61M increasing in tube length. On the
other hand, increasing in tube length by 0.61M leads to 2.2% increase in heat transfer
coefficient on the shell side. The pressure drops for shell side increases by 21.9% for 0.61M

increasing in tube length as shown in figure 6.

 Effect of Fouling factor on heat transfer

Fouling can be considered as one of industrial operations problems that lead to reducing
thermal and hydraulic performance of equipment. where any material deposits on surfaces
can lead to additional resistance against energy transfer.Fouling rate depends strongly on
the fluid compositions that flow into equipment, where in our design the fluids are hot oil
and dry gas. Several standards fouling rate used for both sides shell and tube to study the
rate of change in heat transfer against fouling rate. The findings are on the shell side the
 change in fouling rate by 0.00003 m2. k/w lead to decreasing in heat transfer by 50 kW as
shown in figure 7. On the other hand, heat transfer for tube side decreases by 6 kW with
0.00003 m2. k/w fouling rate change for same conditions as shown in figure 8.

Conclusion

The study concluded that as shell diameter increases the heat transfer coefficient and
pressure drop increases. The pull-through head with triangular pitch can be the best choice
to increase heat transfer coefficient. While, baffle spacing and cutting space reduced the
heat transfer coefficient when increases. The fouling factor on shell side can affect the heat
transfer heat more than that for tube side. The parameters selection has direct effect on both
overall heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop