UNIVERSIDAD PRIVADA GRAN MARISCAL DE AYACUCHO

FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA

EL TIGRE – EDO. ANZOATEGUI

Maintenance
Engineering

Profesor: Alumno:

Frakimil Rosal Sebastian Marquez C.I: 30.363.199

El Tigre 28 de Enero de 2021

Definition: Maintenance describes the management, control,
execution and quality of activities. Maintenance will reasonably
ensure that design levels of availability and performance of assets
are achieved in order to meet business objectives.
If maintenance expenditure is viewed as the necessary premium to
be paid for reliability insurance, then it follows that all maintenance
activity should be directed towards maximum returns on that
investment, i.e. improved reliability. Rarely is that found to be the
focus. Usually the emphasis is on returning the machine to service
as quickly as possible without any serious consideration of reliability
improvement while the opportunity is presented.
many companies had not yet experience this evolution in
maintenance. And those companies remain anchored in the dark
prehistory of modern maintenance. In many companies, urgent
breakdown repair drives maintenance activity. The plant has been
dictating what should be done and not the professionals in charge of
the installation. A large percentage of companies dedicate all their
efforts to corrective maintenance. The people for comission
maintenance, within large and small companies, would be many.
They believe that maintenance management, the implementation of
TPM or RCM, the analysis of potential failures or even the simple
development of a scheduled maintenance plan are very interesting
concepts in the theoretical field, but that they are not applicable in
the plant they manage: They start from the idea that the urgency of
the repairs is what marks and will always mark the guidelines to be
followed in the maintenance department.
The maintenance department of an industry lists four objectives that
must mark and direct its work:
1. The department meets a certain value of availability.
2. The department defines a certain value of reliability.
3. The department ensures a long useful life for the installation
as a whole, at least in accordance with the amortization period
of the plant.
4. The department is within a given budget, usually the optimal
maintenance budget for that facility.
It is worth mentioning that the availability of an installation is
determined as the proportion of the time that said installation has
been in a position to produce, regardless of whether it has finally
done so or not for reasons unrelated to its technical state.
The most important maintenance objective is to ensure that the
facility will be able to produce a minimum number of hours per year.
It is a mistake to think that the maintenance objective is based on
achieving the highest possible availability (100%) since this can be
very expensive, unprofitable. Thus, achieving the availability
objective at a certain cost is generally sufficient.
Availability plays an important role as an indicator, offering many
possibilities for calculation and interpretation. Thus, for a solar
thermal power plant the availability objective is participate in the
hours in which the plant receives direct radiation, and it is relatively
inconsequential that the power plant produces at night or on days of
rain or abundant cloudiness. Defining the availability calculation
formula will play a vital role in judging whether the maintenance
department of any industrial facility is doing its job correctly or if
some type of improvement is necessary.
The main factors to take into account when calculating availability
are the following:
5. Number of total production hours.
6. Number of hours of total unavailability to produce
On the other hand, reliability is charge for measuring the ability of a
plant to meet its planned production plan. In an industrial facility the
planned production is fulfilled, and generally committed to internal or
external customers. Failure to comply with this loading program
carries financial penalties in some cases, hence the importance of
measuring this value and taking it into account when designing the
maintenance management of a facility.
reliability is charge for measuring the ability of a plant to meet its
planned production plan. In an industrial facility the planned
production is fulfilled, and generally committed to internal or external
customers. Failure to comply with this loading program carries
financial penalties in some cases, hence the importance of
measuring this value and taking it into account when designing the
maintenance management of a facility.
The third major maintenance objective ensures a long service life for
the installation. In other words, industrial plants present a state of
degradation in accordance with what was planned so that neither
availability nor reliability nor maintenance cost are outside their
objectives set over a long period of time, normally in line with the
payback period. Of the plant. The useful life expectancy for a typical
industrial installation is usually stipulated between 20 and 30 years,
in which the performance of the plant and the maintenance
objectives must always be within predetermined values.
In the United Kingdom the mid-90’s saw the creation of The Institute
of Asset Management. Asset Management is currently receiving the
full attention of most organisations with the creation of new
departments dedicated to its implementation – no doubt we will be
seeing a period of exploration and evolution as it develops and
becomes understood. It will be providing means of integration to the
many seemingly unrelated parts into a whole that will provide for
moving into a cohesive strategic model.
In the mid-1980’s Du Pont Corporation carried out a study of the
effectiveness of the maintenance operations in their large number of
plants. They identified the characteristics of these operations and
found the pattern shown below. Within industry and maintenance
consulting there has been an unquestioned acceptance of the
universal truth of this model. But the experience of companies
applying the model has led to the realisation that it is only a model,
and in reality there have been many factors not shown greatly
impacting the successful progression up the ‘stairway to heaven’.
It appears reliability is an evolutionary process, as indeed the history
of maintenance since the 1950’s has been. It may well continue to
be necessary for companies to learn how to become reliable instead
of transplanting improvement methods and tool into the company as
suggested by the DuPont model, as they had been following their
own path. If they follow this path, companies would be discovering
the “essential truth” of reliability and would be transporting that
knowledge and know-how it forward in their engineering,
maintenance and operations practices. By 2030, they will have been
utilizing with the same machines for decades, and by 2050, if they
follow better plans, they will have been using them for almost 30
years without worrying, but without a plan, many companies found
themselves with machines that would have been operating if they
took care of the problems earlier.
Throughout the industrial process since the end of the 19th century,
the maintenance function has passed different stages. At the
beginning of the industrial revolution, the operators themselves take
of the repairs of the equipment. When machines were updated to
become more complex and dedication to repair tasks increased, the
first maintenance departments began to be created, with a
differentiated activity from the production operators. In these two
times, the tasks usually dedicated all their effort to solve the failures
that occurred in the equipment.
The concept of reliability was work since the serious energy crisis in
73. Aviation and the automobile industry had also led this new
trend.
Industry is not an airline; over subsequent years industry has
followed this study and found that there is a high degree of validity in
it. This study is one of the principal foundations of Reliability
Centered Maintenance, and the one that would have saved many
machines if it had been found out sooner.
reliability is an evolutionary process, as indeed the history of
maintenance since the 1950’s has been. It may well continue to be
necessary for companies to learn how to become reliable instead of
transplanting improvement methods and tool into the company as
suggested by the DuPont model, as they had been following their
own path. If they follow this path, companies would be discovering
the “essential truth” of reliability and would be transporting that
knowledge and know-how it forward in their engineering,
maintenance and operations practices. By 2030, they will have been
utilizing with the same machines for decades, and by 2050, if they
follow better plans, they will have been using them for almost 30
years without worrying, but without a plan, many companies found
themselves with machines that would have been operating if they
took care of the problems earlier.
 Presente simple:
1. Maintenance describes the management, control, execution
and quality of activities.
El mantenimiento describe la administración, control,
ejecución y calidad de las actividades.

2. Maintenance expenditure is viewed as the necessary premium

to be paid for reliability insurance.
El gasto en mantenimiento es visto como un premium
necesario a ser pagado para el seguro de confiabilidad.

Pasado Simple:
1. The process of Planned Preventative Maintenance gave rise
to a series of mini-bathtub curves.
El proceso del Mantenimiento Preventivo Programado dió
aumento a una serie de mini curvas de bañera.

2. Instrumentation and control systems were very basic.

Los sistemas de instrumentación y control eran muy básicos.

Futuro Simple:
1. Maintenance will reasonably ensure that design levels of
availability and performance of assets are achieved in order to
meet business objectives.
El mantenimiento va a asegurarse de forma razonable que los
niveles de diseño de la disponibilidad y el rendimiento de los
bienes sean logrados en orden de alcanzar los objetivos del
negocio.
 2. It will get repaired by Replacement, Scheduled, or Condition
based maintenance.
Va a ser reparado por mantenimiento basado en Reemplazo,
Programado o Condición.

Condicional Simple:
1. All maintenance activity should be directed towards maximum
returns on that investment.
Toda la actividad de mantenimiento debería ser dirigida hacia
el máximo retorno en esa inversión.

2. The expenditure of maintenance dollars on risk management

should relate to the probability and consequences of failure.
El gasto de dólares de mantenimiento en administración de
riesgos debería relacionarse a la probabilidad y
consecuencias de los fallos.

Presente perfecto:
1. Many companies have not yet experienced this evolution in
maintenance.
Muchas empresas aún no han experimentado esta evolución
en el mantenimiento.

2. Those companies have remained anchored in the dark

prehistory of modern maintenance.
Esas empresas han permanecido ancladas en la oscura
prehistoria del mantenimiento moderno.
 Pasado Perfecto:
1. The maintenance function had passed different stages.
La función de mantenimiento había pasado por diferentes
etapas.

2. The dedication to repair tasks had increased.

La dedicación a las tareas de reparación había aumentado.

Condicional perfecto:
1. The availability objective would have participated in the
hours in which the plant receives direct radiation.
El objetivo de disponibilidad habría participado en las horas
en las que la planta recibe radiación directa
2. The power plant would have produced at night or on days of
heavy rain or cloudiness.
La planta de energía habría producido de noche o en días de
lluvia intensa o nubosidad.

Futuro perfecto:
1. The department will have adhered to a given budget, usually
the optimal maintenance budget for that facility.
El departamento se habrá adherido a un presupuesto dado,
generalmente el presupuesto de mantenimiento óptimo para
esa instalación.
2. Failure to comply with this loading program will have resulted
in financial penalties in some cases.
El incumplimiento de este programa de carga resultará en
sanciones económicas en algunos casos.
 Presente continuo:
1. Reliability is charge for measuring the ability of a plant to meet
its planned production plan –
La confiabilidad es un cargo por medir la capacidad de una
planta para cumplir con su plan de producción planificado.

2. The useful life expectancy for a typical industrial installation is

stipulate between 20 and 30 years
La esperanza de vida útil de una instalación industrial típica
está estipulada entre 20 y 30 años.

Pasado continuo:
1. the operators themselves were taking care of equipment
repairs.
los propios operadores se ocupaban de las reparaciones del
equipo.

2. When the machines were being upgraded to become more

complex.
las máquinas se estaban actualizando para volverse más
complejas.

Futuro Continuo:
1. We will be seeing a period of exploration and evolution
Estaremos viendo un periodo de exploración y evolución.

2. It will be providing means of integration to the many

seemingly unrelated parts into a whole
Va a estar proveyendo medios de integración para las varias
partes que parecen no relacionadas hacia una parte completa.
 Condicional Continuo:
1. Companies would be discovering the “essential truth” of
reliability
Las compañias estarian descubriendo la verdad esencial de la
confiabilidad.

2. They would be transporting that knowledge and know it

forward in their engineering, maintenance and operations
practices.
Ellos estarían transportando ese conocimiento y saberlo por
adelantado en sus prácticas de ingeniería, mantenimiento y
operación.

Presente perfecto continuo:

1. The concept of maintenance has been describing as the set
of techniques aimed at keeping equipment and industrial
facilities in service for as long as possible (seeking the highest
availability) and with maximum performance. –
El concepto de mantenimiento se ha venido describiendo
como el conjunto de técnicas encaminadas a mantener en
servicio los equipos e instalaciones industriales durante el
mayor tiempo posible (buscando la mayor disponibilidad) y
con el máximo rendimiento.
2. Urgent breakdown repair has been driving maintenance
activity. - La reparación urgente de averías ha impulsado la
actividad de mantenimiento.

Pasado perfecto continuo:

1. The tasks had usually been dedicating all their effort to solve
the failures that occurred in the equipment.
Las tareas habían estado usualmente dedicando todo su
esfuerzo a solucionar las fallas que ocurrían en los equipos.
2. The concept of reliability had been working since the severe
energy crisis in 73.
El concepto de fiabilidad ha estado funcionando desde la
grave crisis energética de 73.

Futuro perfecto continuo:

1. An industrial facility will have been complying with planned
production, and generally committed to internal or external
customers.
Una instalación industrial habrá estado cumpliendo con la
producción planificada y, en general, comprometida con los
clientes internos o externos.

2. The industrial plants will have been presenting a state of

degradation in accordance with what was planned.
Las plantas industriales habrán venido presentando un estado de
degradación acorde a lo previsto.

Condicional Perfecto Progresivo:

1. Many companies found themselves with machines that would

have been operating if they took care of the problems earlier.
Muchas compañías se encontraron con máquinas que podrían
estar operando si se hubiesen encargado de sus problemas
antes más temprano.

2. The one that would have saved many machines if it had been
found out sooner
El que hubiese salvado a muchas máquinas si hubiese sido
encontrado antes.