Public Policy & Planning

Mirza Faran Baig

 Definitions of Public Policy
• James E. Anderson defines public policy as :
 ‘A purposive course of action
followed by an actor or set of
actors in dealing with a problem
or matter of concern’
 Harold Lasswell : Pioneer of Public
Policy
• The works of Harold Lasswell
• ‘Psychopathology and Politics’ (1930)
• ‘The Analysis of Political Behavior’ (1948)
• ‘The Policy Orientation’, The Policy Sciences,
co-edited with Daniel
• Started the movement on Public Policy
When the policy fails, the
government fails.
Policy Analysis
 Policy Analysis
• Policy analysis is "determining which of
various policies will most achieve a given set
of goals”
• Policy analysis can be divided into two major
fields.
– Analytical and descriptive i.e. attempts to
explain policies /their development.
– Prescriptive i.e., it is involved with formulating
policies and proposals e.g., to improve social
welfare
Policy Cycle
 Policy Cycle
Decision Making

Consultation Implementation

Improvement

Policy Design Output

Evaluation

Documentation Impact
Policy
Termination

Problem
Outcome
Recognition
Agenda
Setting
 Types of Public Policy
• Substantive Public Policy
• Regulatory Public Policy
• Distributive Public Policy
• Redistributive Public Policy
• Capitalization Public Policy
• Constituent Public Policy
• Technical Public Policy
Models of Policy Making
 Models of Policy Making
• Institutional Model
• Systems Model
• Rational Model
• Bounded Rationality Model
• Incrementalism Model
• Game Theory Model
• Optimal-Normative Model
• Elite Model
• Group Theory Model
• Market Exchange Model
Strategic Management
 Definition
 Strategic management can be defined
as the art and science of formulating,
implementing and evaluating cross-
functional decisions that enable an
organization to achieve its objectives.
 Strategic Management
Strategic management includes :
Understanding the strategic position of an
organization
 Making strategic choices for the future
 Managing strategy in action.
 Stages of Strategic Management

Strategy Strategy Strategy

formulation implementation evaluation
 Strategic Plan
 Plan must be:
Simple
 written
Clear
Based on the real current situation
It should not be rushed
Planning Process
STEPS IN A STRATEGIC PLANNING PROCESS
Step 1 Vision And Mission
Step 2. Environmental Scan
Step 3. Gap Analysis
Step 4. Benchmarking
Step 5. Strategic Issues
Step 6. Strategic Programming
Step 7. Emergent Strategies
Step 8. Evaluation Of Strategy
Step 9. Review Of The Strategic Plan
Step 10. Strategic Thinking
Planning Machinery in Pakistan
 Planning Machinery in Pakistan
1. Planning Machinery
2. Planning Commission
3. Planning and development department / Board
4. District Government / Zila Councils
5. Sanctioning Machinery
6. Federal Level
7. NEC
8. ECNEC
9. CDWP
10.Provincial Level
11.PDWP
12.Departmental Sub-committee
13.District Level
14.Zila Council
Planning Commission of Pakistan
 PROVINCIAL PLANNING ORGANIZATION

• PROVINCIAL LEVEL:

– Provincial Development Working Party (PDWP)

• Chairman: Chairman P&D

– Department Sub-Committee
• Chairman: Secretary of concerned department
Planning & Development Punjab
 ROLE OF DONORS &
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
 Role of Donors and International
Institutions
• Development aid / expertise for LDCs
• LDCs are faced with :
• Resource constraints
• Lack of capacity to plan
• Development
• Implement projects and programmes.
 Role of Donors and International
Institutions
• Role of donors/International institutions is to :
 Help LDCs overcome obstacles
 Improve socio-economic progress
 Provided financial support
 Technical and administrative facilities
 Priority Sectors
 Education
 Health
 Agriculture
 Population
 Administrative/ Judicial/ Political Reforms
 Infrastructural Development
 Major Donors in Pakistan
 US AID
 ADB
 World Bank
 WHO,
 DFID,
 AUS AID
 EU
 UNICEFF
 NUFFIC
JICA
 Role of Donors and International
Institutions : Issues
• Tied Aid
• Dependency Theory
• Neo-Colonialism/ Common Wealth etc
• Debt Servicing
• Neo-Liberalism Agenda
• Public Opinion
THANK YOU