ESCLANDA, Maria Carmela Rachel G.

Grammatical Models
PhD English Professor: Dr. Felix M. Mercado

CASE GRAMMAR
Assignment

Sentence Analysis

Apply case grammar on the following sentences:

1. The news is fake. +[ _ O]
DEEP STRUCTURE
S

M P

V O

K NP

d N

pres fake Ø the news

I. Subject-copying

O M P

V O
K NP
K NP
d N
d N

Ø the news pres fake the news

1
 II. Second-copy deletion (&subject-preposition deletion)
S

NP M P

d N V

the news pres fake

SURFACE STRUCTURE
S

NP M P

d N V

the news is fake

2. John sent Mary a gift. + [ _ D +O+A]

DEEP STRUCTURE
S

M P

V D O A

K NP K NP K NP

N d N N

past send Ø Mary Ø a gift Ø John

2
I. Subject-fronting

A M P

K NP V D O

K NP K NP

N N d N

Ø John past send Ø Mary Ø a gift

II. Subject-preposition deletion

S

A M P

NP V D O

K NP K NP

N N d N

John past send Ø Mary Ø a gift

III. Object-preposition deletion

S

A M P

NP V D O

K NP NP

N N d N

John past send Ø Mary a gift

3
SURFACE STRUCTURE
S

NP P

N V D O

NP NP

N d N

John sent Mary a gift

3. John broke his leg. +[ _O+A]

DEEP STRUCTURE
S

M P

V O A

K NP K NP

d N N

past break Ø his leg Ø John

I. Subject-fronting
S

A M P

K NP V O

N K NP

d N

Ø John past break Ø his leg

4
II. Subject-preposition deletion
S

NP M P

N V O

K NP

d N

John past break Ø his leg

III. Object-preposition deletion

S

NP M P

N V O

NP

d N

John past break his leg

SURFACE STRUCTURE
S

NP P

N V O

NP

d N

John broke his leg

5
 4. John stained the car with paint. + [ _ O+ I+A]
DEEP STRUCTURE
S

M P

V O I A

K NP K NP K NP

d N N N

past stain Ø the car with paint Ø John

I. Subject-fronting
S

A M P

K NP V O I

N K NP K NP

d N N

Ø John past stain Ø the car with paint

II. Subject-preposition deletion

S

NP M P

V O I

N K NP K NP

d N N

John past stain Ø the car with paint

6
 III. Object-preposition deletion
S

NP M P

N V O I

NP K NP

d N N

John past stain the car with paint

SURFACE STRUCTURE
S

NP P

N V O I

NP K NP

d N N

John stained the car with paint

5. It is windy in Chicago. +[ _ L]
DEEP STRUCTURE
S

M P

V L

K NP

pres windy in Chicago

7
 I. Subject-copying
S

L M P

V L
K NP
K NP

N N

in Chicago pres windy in Chicago

II. First-copy pro replacement

S

NP M P

V L

K NP

it pres windy in Chicago

SURFACE STRUCTURE
S

NP M P

V L

K NP

it is windy in Chicago