Adb Malay

MALAYSIA
Asian Development Bank (ADB)

Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2016
www.adb.org/statistics
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
POPULATION
Total population million; as of 1 July 23.49 24.03 24.54 25.04 25.54 26.05 26.55 27.06 27.57 28.08 28.59 29.06 29.51 30.21 30.60 31.00
Population density persons per square kilometer 71 73 74 76 77 79 80 82 83 85 87 88 89 91 93 94
Population annual change, percent 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.5 2.4 1.3 1.3
Urban population percent of total population 62.0 62.9 63.8 64.8 65.6 66.5 67.4 68.3 69.2 70.1 71.0 71.7 72.4 73.0 73.6 74.3
LABOR FORCE thousand; calendar year 9,556 9,699 9,887 10,240 10,346 10,413 10,629 10,890 11,028 11,315 12,304 12,741 13,222 13,981 14,264 14,518
Employed 9,269 9,357 9,543 9,870 9,980 10,045 10,275 10,538 10,660 10,897 11,900 12,352 12,821 13,545 13,853 14,068
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 1,552 1,416 1,424 1,408 1,453 1,470 1,504 1,558 1,488 1,471 1,615 1,422 1,628 1,759 1,694 1,754
Mining and quarrying 28 27 28 30 35 36 42 39 55 63 57 74 81 88 85 104
Manufacturing 2,174 2,184 2,069 2,131 2,023 1,989 2,083 1,977 1,945 1,807 2,109 2,244 2,264 2,316 2,373 2,323
Electricity, gas, steam, and air-conditioning supply;
water supply; sewerage, waste management, and
remediation activities 49 57 51 58 58 57 75 61 61 58 56 123 143 145 147 134
Construction 760 830 905 943 891 904 909 923 998 1,016 1,083 1,152 1,175 1,292 1,278 1,310
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and
motorcyclesa 1,787 1,458 1,497 1,592 1,607 1,620 1,651 1,712 1,729 1,832 1,888 2,005 2,126 2,261 2,324 2,361
Accommodation and food service activities – 585 616 644 698 672 721 761 784 801 857 951 965 1,042 1,149 1,151
Transportation and storageb 434 468 497 482 533 545 540 538 583 592 555 604 624 627 598 615
Information and communication … … … … … … … … … … 179 207 209 194 213 214
Financial and insurance activities c
474 225 241 223 236 247 242 282 276 272 323 319 322 319 329 354
Real estate activities – 349 397 404 459 459 508 558 553 602 59 61 69 73 80 71
Other services d
2,010 1,758 1,819 1,955 1,988 2,045 2,000 2,129 2,189 2,385 3,121 3,190 3,215 3,431 3,583 3,676
Unemployed 287 342 344 370 367 368 354 351 369 418 404 389 401 435 411 450
Unemployment rate percent 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.7 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.9 3.1
Labor force annual change, percent 4.4 1.5 1.9 3.6 1.0 0.6 2.1 2.5 1.3 2.6 8.7 3.6 3.8 5.7 2.0 1.8
Labor force participation rate percent 65.4 64.9 64.4 65.2 64.4 63.3 63.1 63.2 62.6 62.9 63.7 64.5 65.6 67.3 67.6 67.9
Male 83.3 82.3 81.5 82.1 80.9 80.0 79.9 79.5 79.0 78.9 79.3 79.7 80.5 81.0 80.6 80.6
Female 47.2 46.8 46.7 47.7 47.2 45.9 45.8 46.4 45.7 46.4 46.8 48.0 49.5 52.6 53.7 54.1
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS million ringgit; calendar year

At Current Prices
GDP by industrial origin at current market prices 356,401 352,579 383,213 418,769 474,048 543,578 596,784 665,340 769,949 712,857 821,434 911,733 971,252 1,018,614 1,106,466 1,157,139
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 30,647 28,245 34,432 38,971 43,949 44,912 51,383 66,446 76,753 65,719 82,882 104,424 95,122 92,830 98,179 97,805
Mining and quarrying 37,617 33,945 34,169 41,918 56,881 72,111 81,759 88,332 120,170 81,342 89,793 95,905 101,474 103,484 109,255 103,693
Manufacturing 109,998 103,434 112,076 125,332 144,007 149,754 164,510 173,804 189,105 169,661 192,493 212,618 224,730 232,659 253,337 263,717
Electricity, gas, steam, and air-conditioning supply 10,629 11,281 11,970 12,607 13,711 14,076 14,878 15,840 16,855 17,852 17,701 18,911 20,703 22,160 25,358 25,310
Water supply; sewerage, waste management, and
remediation activities 4,472 4,765 4,996 5,283 5,582 5,925
Construction 13,971 14,241 14,673 15,200 15,458 16,107 16,451 18,739 21,156 23,187 28,213 30,892 37,909 42,692 48,655 54,138
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and
motorcycles 47,934 49,201 51,327 53,062 59,401 74,642 81,528 95,353 114,197 115,263 112,771 127,030 135,439 146,447 166,241 182,072
KEY INDICATORS 2016 - COUNTRY TABLE Page 1 of 31 MALAYSIA

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Accommodation and food service activities 21,863 23,970 25,954 28,317 31,342 34,666
Transportation and storage 24,898 26,488 28,197 30,172 33,319 36,434 39,290 43,009 46,482 46,900 28,998 31,034 32,953 34,876 37,151 39,880
Information and communication 39,513 42,667 46,666 51,097 56,358 62,050
Financial and insurance activities 48,287 50,986 55,829 57,914 60,531 66,015 72,521 80,827 89,966 94,257 61,578 64,341 70,053 72,390 75,380 76,149
Real estate activities 11,797 12,537 13,464 14,497 15,764 17,091
Professional, scientific, and technical activities 13,679 14,815 16,556 18,368 20,049 21,812
Administrative
Public and support
administration service activities
and defense; compulsory social 6,885 7,424 7,971 8,739 9,716 10,692
security 22,576 24,104 27,450 29,569 31,827 35,656 40,045 46,210 54,675 56,588 64,359 72,390 85,560 89,796 95,278 97,310
Education 5,906 6,457 7,046 7,623 8,266 9,013
Human health and social work activities 5,263 5,705 6,201 6,720 7,292 7,988
Arts, entertainment, and recreation
Other service activities 21,324 22,594 23,810 24,891 26,099 27,500 28,762 30,812 33,058 35,123 25,598 27,135 28,267 29,873 31,316 33,141
Activities of households as employers;
undifferentiated goods- and services-producing
activities of households for own use … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Gross value added at basic prices … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Less: Financial intermediation services indirectly
measured 17,308 17,594 17,324 17,374 17,531 na na na na na na na na na na na
Plus: Taxes on imports 5,826 5,653 6,605 6,507 6,396 6,372 5,659 5,969 7,531 6,964 7,672 8,711 10,186 10,763 11,947 14,688
Net factor income from abroad -28,909 -25,623 -25,061 -22,537 -24,402 -23,943 -17,294 -13,985 -23,033 -14,214 -26,131 -21,600 -35,841 -33,975 -36,624 -32,011
GNI 327,492 326,956 358,152 396,232 449,646 519,635 579,490 651,355 746,916 698,643 795,303 890,133 935,410 984,639 1,069,842 1,125,128
Structure of Output percent of GDP at current producer prices

Agriculture 8.3 7.7 8.7 9.1 9.1 8.4 8.7 10.1 10.1 9.3 10.2 11.6 9.9 9.2 9.0 8.6
Industry 46.8 44.7 43.9 45.4 47.4 46.9 47.0 45.0 45.6 41.4 40.9 40.2 40.6 40.3 40.4 39.6
Services 44.9 47.6 47.4 45.5 43.5 44.7 44.3 44.9 44.4 49.3 48.9 48.2 49.5 50.5 50.6 51.8
Expenditure on GDP at current market prices 356,400 352,580 383,212 418,769 474,047 543,578 596,784 665,340 769,949 712,857 821,434 911,733 971,252 1,018,614 1,106,466 1,157,139
Final consumption expenditure 192,170 205,066 222,141 240,980 268,206 302,556 331,231 377,377 432,796 441,185 498,591 558,333 616,679 667,456 727,370 778,227
Household final consumption 155,941 162,618 172,485 186,674 208,571 240,188 264,584 300,418 344,215 348,168 394,893 436,980 481,865 527,359 579,576 625,808
NPISHs final consumption 352 360 372 390 409 430
Government final consumption 36,229 42,448 49,656 54,306 59,635 62,368 66,647 76,959 88,581 93,017 103,346 120,993 134,442 139,707 147,385 151,989
Gross capital formation 95,756 86,023 94,950 95,326 109,266 121,742 135,491 155,753 165,218 127,143 192,105 211,415 250,084 264,199 276,475 290,347
Gross fixed capital formation 90,141 88,580 89,995 93,864 99,336 121,237 131,024 149,064 158,381 156,660 184,292 202,251 246,343 269,699 287,417 302,948
Public … … … … … … … … … … 83,001 … … … … …
Private … … … … … … … … … … 101,291 … … … … …
Changes in inventories e
5,615 -2,557 4,955 1,462 9,930 505 4,467 6,689 6,837 -29,517 7,813 9,164 3,741 -5,500 -10,942 -12,601
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Exports of goods and services 427,003 389,256 415,040 447,846 546,925 613,694 669,505 706,382 766,096 651,671 714,075 777,302 770,202 770,368 816,483 820,459
Exports of goods … … … … … … … … … … 602,609 658,421 644,864 637,683 678,865 685,398
Exports of services … … … … … … … … … … 111,466 118,880 125,337 132,685 137,618 135,061
Less: Imports of goods and services 358,529 327,765 348,919 365,383 450,350 494,414 539,443 574,172 594,160 507,142 583,337 635,316 665,714 683,408 713,863 731,895
Imports of goods … … … … … … … … … … 478,427 517,893 531,835 541,131 565,538 575,849
Imports of services … … … … … … … … … … 104,910 117,424 133,879 142,277 148,325 156,046
Statistical discrepancy – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Structure of Demand percent of GDP at current market prices
Household final consumption 43.8 46.1 45.0 44.6 44.0 44.2 44.3 45.2 44.7 48.8 48.1 47.9 49.6 51.8 52.4 54.1
Government final consumption 10.2 12.0 13.0 13.0 12.6 11.5 11.2 11.6 11.5 13.0 12.6 13.3 13.8 13.7 13.3 13.1
Gross capital formation 26.9 24.4 24.8 22.8 23.0 22.4 22.7 23.4 21.5 17.8 23.4 23.2 25.7 25.9 25.0 25.1
1.6 -0.7 1.3 0.3 2.1 0.1 0.7 1.0 0.9 -4.1 1.0 1.0 0.4 -0.5 -1.0 -1.1
Exports of goods and services 119.8 110.4 108.3 106.9 115.4 112.9 112.2 106.2 99.5 91.4 86.9 85.3 79.3 75.6 73.8 70.9
Imports of goods and services 100.6 93.0 91.1 87.3 95.0 91.0 90.4 86.3 77.2 71.1 71.0 69.7 68.5 67.1 64.5 63.3
At Constant Prices
GDP by industrial origin at 2000 | 2005 | 2010 market price 356,401 358,246 377,559 399,414 426,508 | 543,579 573,938 610,085 639,566 629,885 | 821,434 864,920 912,261 955,080 1,012,506 1,062,805
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 30,647 30,594 31,471 33,369 34,929 | 44,912 47,533 48,188 50,036 50,063 | 82,882 88,555 89,406 91,181 93,052 94,143
Mining and quarrying 37,617 36,980 38,610 40,959 42,627 | 72,111 71,276 72,758 70,996 66,386 | 89,793 85,373 86,751 87,789 90,841 95,134
Manufacturing 109,998 105,301 109,640 119,687 131,127 | 149,754 160,880 165,879 167,148 152,150 | 192,493 202,960 211,921 219,152 232,790 244,205
Electricity, gas, steam, and air-conditioning supply 10,629 11,062 11,759 12,282 13,100 | 14,076 14,728 15,415 15,930 16,246 | 17,701 18,404 19,331 20,184 20,905 21,505
Water supply; sewerage, waste management, and
remediation activities 4,472 4,644 4,838 5,052 5,293 5,600
Construction 13,971 14,427 14,762 15,031 14,903 | 16,107 16,022 17,391 18,151 19,270 | 28,213 29,524 34,880 38,590 43,115 46,634
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and 47,934 48,974 50,986 51,965 56,441 | 74,642 79,608 91,405 101,344 103,444 | 112,771 120,411 125,905 133,797 145,714 155,745
Accommodation and food service activities 21,863 23,209 24,502 25,938 27,620 29,377
Transportation and storage 24,898 26,409 27,442 28,620 30,973 | 36,434 38,790 41,987 44,885 45,484 | 28,998 30,630 32,089 33,561 35,319 37,319
Information and communication 39,513 42,422 46,185 50,396 55,283 60,471
Financial and insurance activities 48,287 50,570 55,392 58,011 60,775 | 66,015 71,344 79,672 87,157 90,744 | 61,578 65,782 70,884 72,318 74,000 73,482
Real estate activities 11,797 12,299 12,917 13,592 14,375 15,058
Professional, scientific, and technical activities 13,679 14,640 16,185 17,854 19,418 20,887
Administrative
Public and support
administration service activities
and defense; compulsory social 6,885 7,310 7,730 8,340 9,177 9,842
security 22,576 23,583 24,816 26,693 28,243 | 35,656 39,806 41,494 44,633 46,145 | 64,359 71,503 78,397 84,164 89,348 92,888
Education 5,906 6,357 6,853 7,309 7,825 8,378
Human health and social work activities 5,263 5,534 5,860 6,194 6,508 6,858
Arts, entertainment, and recreation
Other service activities 21,324 22,223 23,105 23,996 24,996 | 27,500 28,280 29,959 31,763 32,965 | 25,598 26,710 27,624 29,093 30,285 31,482
Activities of households as employers;
undifferentiated goods- and services-producing
activities of households for own use … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Gross value added at basic prices … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Less: Financial intermediation services indirectly measu 17,308 17,505 17,018 17,654 17,705 | na na na na na na na na na na na
Plus: Taxes on imports 5,826 5,629 6,594 6,453 6,099 | 6,372 5,671 5,937 7,523 6,989 | 7,672 8,654 10,004 10,577 11,639 13,797
Net factor income from abroad -28,909 -26,506 -25,888 -22,605 -23,670 | -23,942 -19,694 -21,084 -23,034 -21,941 | -26,131 -25,868 -40,457 -38,357 -39,913 -24,278
GNI 327,492 331,740 351,671 376,809 402,838 | 519,637 554,244 589,001 616,532 607,944 | 795,303 839,052 871,804 916,722 972,593 1,038,527
Growth of Output annual change, percent

GDP 8.9 0.5 5.4 5.8 6.8 5.3 5.6 6.3 4.8 -1.5 7.4 5.3 5.5 4.7 6.0 5.0
Agriculture 6.1 -0.2 2.9 6.0 4.7 2.6 5.8 1.4 3.8 0.1 2.4 6.8 1.0 2.0 2.1 1.2
Industry 13.6 -2.6 4.2 7.5 7.3 3.6 4.3 3.2 0.3 -6.7 8.4 2.5 4.9 3.6 6.0 5.1
Services 6.0 4.1 5.8 4.2 6.4 7.3 7.3 10.4 8.9 2.9 7.4 7.2 6.6 6.0 6.7 5.2

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Expenditure on GDP at 2000 | 2005 | 2010 market prices 356,400 358,246 377,558 399,413 426,507 | 543,578 573,936 610,087 639,565 629,885 | 821,434 864,920 912,261 955,080 1,012,506 1,062,805
Final consumption expenditure 192,170 202,580 213,785 231,362 253,025 | 302,556 321,857 352,956 382,437 387,844 | 498,591 540,360 582,015 622,410 662,306 699,806
Household final consumption 155,941 160,662 166,883 180,423 198,193 | 240,188 256,065 282,807 307,467 309,169 | 394,893 422,016 457,255 490,418 524,645 556,150
NPISHs final consumption 352 361 370 380 393 408
Government final consumption 36,229 41,918 46,902 50,939 54,832 | 62,368 65,792 70,149 74,970 78,675 | 103,346 117,983 124,390 131,612 137,268 143,248
Gross capital formation 95,756 86,832 93,699 92,283 98,614 | 121,742 132,185 144,160 146,721 132,902 | 192,105 200,789 237,492 249,022 255,511 271,863
Gross fixed capital formation 90,141 88,282 88,792 91,317 94,562 | 121,237 128,832 142,178 145,525 141,584 | 184,292 195,996 233,203 252,162 264,236 274,008
Public … … … … … … … … … … 83,001 85,133 98,659 100,464 95,724 94,725
Private … … … … … … … … … … 101,291 110,863 134,543 151,698 168,512 179,282
5,615 -1,450 4,907 966 4,052 | 505 3,353 1,982 1,196 -8,682 | 7,813 4,793 4,289 -3,140 -8,725 -2,145
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Exports of goods and services 427,003 397,838 419,430 440,963 511,774 | 613,694 654,702 679,408 690,096 615,024 | 714,075 743,919 730,961 732,856 769,794 774,670
Exports of goods … … … … … … … … … … 602,609 626,712 608,529 604,549 639,514 651,454
Exports of services … … … … … … … … … … 111,466 117,207 122,432 128,307 130,280 123,216
Less: Imports of goods and services 358,529 329,004 349,356 365,195 436,906 | 494,414 534,808 566,438 579,688 505,886 | 583,337 620,147 638,206 649,208 675,105 683,534
Imports of goods … … … … … … … … … … 478,427 505,184 510,239 516,075 535,528 541,845
Imports of services … … … … … … … … … … 104,910 114,963 127,967 133,133 139,577 141,689
Growth of Demand annual change, percent

Household final consumption 13.0 3.0 3.9 8.1 9.8 9.1 6.6 10.4 8.7 0.6 6.9 6.9 8.4 7.3 7.0 6.0
Government final consumption 1.6 15.7 11.9 8.6 7.6 6.5 5.5 6.6 6.9 4.9 3.4 14.2 5.4 5.8 4.3 4.4
Gross capital formation 29.2 -9.3 7.9 -1.5 6.9 -2.5 8.6 9.1 1.8 -9.4 25.3 4.5 18.3 4.9 2.6 6.4
Exports of goods and services 16.1 -6.8 5.4 5.1 16.1 8.3 6.7 3.8 1.6 -10.9 11.1 4.2 -1.7 0.3 5.0 0.6
Imports of goods and services 24.4 -8.2 6.2 4.5 19.6 8.9 8.2 5.9 2.3 -12.7 15.6 6.3 2.9 1.7 4.0 1.2
Investment Financing at Current Prices

Gross capital formation 95,756 86,023 94,950 95,326 109,266 121,742 135,491 155,753 165,218 127,143 192,105 211,415 250,084 264,199 276,475 290,347
Gross national saving 128,008 113,713 125,444 145,952 166,568 200,109 231,531 257,931 296,568 237,790 274,906 310,735 300,268 299,675 325,037 324,869
Gross domestic saving f
164,230 147,514 161,071 177,789 205,841 241,022 265,553 287,963 337,153 271,672 322,843 353,400 354,573 351,158 379,096 378,912
Net factor income from abroad g
-28,909 -25,623 -25,061 -22,537 -24,402 -23,943 -17,294 -13,985 -23,033 -14,214 -26,131 -21,600 -35,841 -33,975 -36,624 -32,011
Net current transfers from abroad h
-7,313 -8,178 -10,566 -9,300 -14,871 -16,970 -16,728 -16,047 -17,552 -19,668 -21,806 -21,065 -18,464 -17,508 -17,435 -22,032
Savings and Investment percent of GDP at current market prices

Gross domestic saving 46.1 41.8 42.0 42.5 43.4 44.3 44.5 43.3 43.8 38.1 39.3 38.8 36.5 34.5 34.3 32.7
Gross national saving 35.9 32.3 32.7 34.9 35.1 36.8 38.8 38.8 38.5 33.4 33.5 34.1 30.9 29.4 29.4 28.1
Gross capital formation 26.9 24.4 24.8 22.8 23.0 22.4 22.7 23.4 21.5 17.8 23.4 23.2 25.7 25.9 25.0 25.1
At Current Market Prices ringgit

Per capita GDP 15,172 14,672 15,616 16,724 18,561 20,867 22,478 24,588 27,927 25,385 28,733 31,372 32,913 33,718 36,159 37,327
Per capita GNI 13,942 13,606 14,595 15,824 17,606 19,948 21,826 24,071 27,092 24,879 27,819 30,629 31,698 32,593 34,962 36,294
PRODUCTION INDEXES period averages

Agriculture 2004–2006 = 100 78.1 81.9 83.5 90.7 95.3 99.7 105.1 104.4 111.7 109.8 110.8 119.8 119.3 121.5 ... ...
Mining 2005 | 2010 = 100 86.9 89.5 91.1 96.0 101.7 100.0 96.2 98.3 99.1 95.5 | 100.0 94.8 96.2 97.0 99.5 ...

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Manufacturing 2005 | 2010 = 100 77.3 72.3 76.1 84.4 95.1 100.0 108.9 111.4 112.2 100.9 | 100.0 105.7 111.3 116.0 123.0 ...
ENERGY annual values

Crude petroleum thousand metric tons
Production 32,784 31,993 33,545 35,437 36,712 33,787 32,030 32,788 33,133 31,642 30,653 30,653 27,370 28,133 27,612 28,549
Exports 16,672 15,118 16,192 17,913 18,295 18,390 16,875 16,880 12,250 16,412 16,373 16,381 11,020 11,584 10,421 11,432
Imports 6,963 8,559 6,845 7,991 7,888 9,121 10,278 10,529 9,228 8,862 9,067 9,067 8,797 9,658 8,794 9,450
Consumption ... 24,806 23,628 27,364 26,274 ... ... ... 26,862 24,680 23,011 23,511 ... ... ... ...
Coal thousand metric tons

Production 383 498 353 175 389 789 921 1,063 1,167 2,138 2,397 2,397 2,916 2,951 2,894 2,687
Exports 5 9 6 1 24 63 100 94 54 75 206 678 305 531 301 ...
Imports 2,677 3,706 5,340 6,353 9,555 10,303 11,404 10,954 5,457 9,304 19,973 21,989 21,019 22,953 21,334 ...
Consumption ... 4,156 5,251 4,623 13,275 ... ... ... 15,919 ... ... 23,247 ... ... … ...
Electricity million kilowatt-hours

Production 66,686 72,280 75,328 84,022 90,661 96,214 100,841 104,950 106,927 107,116 116,808 116,808 124,894 134,421 138,331 147,461
Exports 18 5 12 193 953 1,814 2,680 2,252 570 92 253 148 10 15 23 12
Imports 1 17 7 0 – – – – 0 – – 0 370 100 221 23
Consumption 62,350 64,954 68,802 73,483 78,804 83,219 85,956 91,189 94,393 93,714 101,550 110,853 107,341 116,353 123,076 128,333
Retail prices ringgit/liter

Gasoline, premium 1.10 1.19 1.28 1.32 1.35 1.50 1.83 1.88 2.18 1.88 2.16 2.72 2.86 2.82 2.78 2.33
Diesel 0.67 0.72 0.73 0.77 0.80 1.10 1.53 1.58 ... 1.77 1.83 1.90 1.90 1.87 2.05 1.92
PRICE INDEXES period averages

Consumer 2010 = 100 80.4 81.5 83.0 83.9 85.2 87.7 90.9 92.7 97.7 98.3 100.0 103.2 104.9 107.1 110.5 112.8
Food 74.4 74.9 75.4 76.4 78.0 80.9 83.6 86.2 93.8 97.6 100.0 104.8 107.6 111.5 115.2 119.4
Nonfood 83.0 84.4 86.3 87.2 88.3 90.7 94.1 95.5 99.4 98.6 100.0 102.5 103.8 105.4 108.6 109.9
Producer 2010 = 100 72.7 72.9 72.4 75.8 80.5 85.3 87.9 92.8 102.2 94.7 100.0 109.6 109.7 107.8 109.3 104.0
Implicit GDP deflator 2000 | 2005 | 2010 = 100 100.0 98.4 101.5 104.8 111.1 | 100.0 104.0 109.1 120.4 113.2 | 100.0 105.4 106.5 106.7 109.3 108.9
Price Indexes annual change, percent

Consumer price index 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.1 1.5 2.9 3.6 2.0 5.4 0.6 1.7 3.2 1.6 2.1 3.2 2.1
Food price index 2.1 0.7 0.7 1.3 2.1 3.7 3.3 3.1 8.8 4.1 2.5 4.8 2.7 3.6 3.4 3.6
Nonfood price index 1.3 1.7 2.3 1.0 1.3 2.7 3.7 1.5 4.1 -0.8 1.4 2.5 1.3 1.6 3.0 1.2
Producer price index 3.1 0.2 -0.7 4.7 6.3 5.8 3.1 5.5 10.2 -7.3 5.6 9.6 0.1 -1.7 1.4 -4.8
Implicit GDP deflator 4.9 -1.6 3.1 3.3 6.0 4.6 4.0 4.9 10.4 -6.0 4.1 5.4 1.0 0.2 2.5 -0.4
MONEY AND BANKINGi million ringgit; as of end of period

Money supply (M1) 78,516 81,016 89,512 102,441 114,550 124,338 141,367 169,007 183,047 200,917 224,384 258,956 289,736 327,596 346,416 360,458
Currency in circulation 22,264 22,148 23,897 26,101 28,617 30,178 33,519 36,247 40,425 43,439 47,685 53,489 57,396 62,981 68,170 76,869
Demand deposits (excluding government deposits) 56,252 58,869 65,615 76,339 85,933 94,160 107,848 132,760 142,623 157,477 176,699 205,468 232,340 264,615 278,246 283,589
Quasi-money 278,051 283,707 297,000 326,996 423,085 497,009 586,317 627,868 720,382 788,426 835,770 956,648 1,043,652 1,108,856 1,198,242 1,228,065
Money supply (M2) 356,567 364,723 386,512 429,436 537,636 621,346 727,684 796,876 903,430 989,343 1,060,154 1,215,604 1,333,388 1,436,452 1,544,657 1,588,523

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Money supply (M3) 458,363 471,731 504,150 553,058 621,226 672,835 760,302 832,738 931,865 1,017,303 1,086,094 1,241,675 1,352,886 1,452,317 1,553,807 1,593,843
Foreign assets (net) 122,213 125,751 134,019 167,417 258,043 259,875 312,620 383,786 331,800 354,263 371,842 489,463 509,911 514,397 504,445 526,355
Domestic credit 476,283 495,128 533,990 578,231 592,156 631,453 674,484 727,250 855,127 931,893 1,019,935 1,127,854 1,254,262 1,391,325 1,543,597 1,654,871
Claims on government sector (net) -11,826 -12,833 -1,068 11,886 -4,713 -9,917 -1,600 -2,241 31,408 57,216 49,097 51,900 48,561 70,013 104,331 95,472
Claims on private sector 488,109 507,960 535,058 566,345 596,869 641,370 676,084 729,490 823,719 874,676 970,838 1,075,954 1,205,701 1,321,311 1,439,267 1,559,398
Other items -140,133 -149,148 -163,860 -192,590 -228,973 -218,493 -226,802 -278,298 -255,063 -268,852 -305,683 -375,642 -411,287 -453,405 -494,235 -587,383
Money Supply (M3) annual change, percent 5.1 2.9 6.9 9.7 12.3 8.3 13.0 9.5 11.9 9.2 6.8 14.3 9.0 7.3 7.0 2.6
M3 percent of GDP at current market prices 128.6 133.8 131.6 132.1 131.0 123.8 127.4 125.2 121.0 142.7 132.2 136.2 139.3 142.5 140.4 137.7
Deposit Money Banks

Demand deposits 54,627 56,201 60,222 70,033 90,946 99,243 114,826 140,949 149,509 165,891 184,638 214,198 241,906 272,923 285,832 291,809
Savings deposits 37,702 41,166 45,109 49,085 68,590 70,535 75,730 84,433 92,218 102,268 104,943 115,671 123,740 131,765 134,931 135,591
Time deposits 201,391 191,170 194,813 210,543 342,452 357,222 405,620 418,351 444,190 473,668 502,599 560,243 606,845 667,018 636,081 551,408
Loans and advances j
314,798 325,072 338,242 355,839 448,354 526,772 585,506 636,368 721,797 783,507 883,285 1,003,504 1,107,970 1,225,656 1,339,718 1,445,139
Interest Rates percent per annum; period averages

On deposits
Savings 2.72 2.28 2.12 1.86 1.58 1.41 1.48 1.44 1.40 0.93 0.94 1.08 1.04 1.01 1.03 1.06
Time: 6 months 3.50 3.22 3.21 3.01 3.00 3.04 3.34 3.29 3.11 2.09 2.55 2.98 3.04 3.02 3.10 3.19
12 months 4.24 4.00 4.00 3.70 3.70 3.70 3.73 3.70 3.50 2.56 2.81 3.14 3.18 3.15 3.23 3.31
GOVERNMENT FINANCE million ringgit; fiscal year ending 31 December

Central Government
Total revenue and grants 61,865 79,567 83,515 92,608 99,397 106,304 123,546 139,885 159,793 158,639 159,653 185,419 207,913 213,370 220,626 219,089
Total revenue 61,865 79,567 83,515 92,608 99,397 106,304 123,546 139,885 159,793 158,639 159,653 185,419 207,913 213,370 220,626 219,089
Current revenuek 61,865 79,567 83,515 92,608 99,397 106,304 123,546 139,885 159,793 158,639 159,653 185,419 207,913 213,370 220,626 219,089
Taxes 47,173 61,492 66,860 64,891 72,050 80,594 86,630 95,168 112,897 106,504 109,515 134,885 151,643 155,952 164,205 165,441
Nontaxes 14,692 18,075 16,655 27,717 27,347 25,710 36,916 44,717 46,896 52,135 50,138 50,534 56,269 57,418 56,421 53,648
Capital receipts – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Grants – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Total expenditure and net lending 81,579 97,989 103,768 113,536 118,816 125,028 142,655 160,544 195,388 206,064 202,928 227,928 249,863 251,953 258,040 256,282
Total expenditure 81,579 97,989 103,768 113,536 118,816 125,028 142,655 160,544 195,388 206,064 202,928 227,928 249,863 251,953 258,040 256,282
Current expenditure l
56,547 63,757 68,699 75,224 91,298 97,744 107,694 123,084 153,499 157,067 151,633 182,594 205,537 211,270 219,589 216,998
Capital expenditure m
25,032 34,232 35,069 38,312 27,518 27,284 34,961 37,460 41,889 48,997 51,296 45,334 44,326 40,683 38,451 39,285
Net lending ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Current surplus/deficit 5,318 15,810 14,816 17,384 8,099 8,560 15,852 16,801 6,295 1,572 8,020 2,825 2,376 2,100 1,037 2,091
Capital account surplus/deficit -25,032 -34,232 -35,069 -38,312 -27,518 -27,284 -34,961 -37,460 -41,889 -48,997 -51,296 -45,334 -44,326 -40,683 -38,451 -39,285
Overall budgetary surplus/deficit n
-19,715 -18,422 -20,253 -20,928 -19,419 -18,724 -19,109 -20,659 -35,594 -47,424 -43,275 -42,509 -41,951 -38,584 -37,414 -37,193
Financing
Domestic borrowing (net) 12,714 13,381 6,076 23,250 25,650 12,700 14,866 25,800 35,654 56,879 36,456 45,069 43,344 39,526 37,557 38,931
Foreign borrowing (net) o
864 6,295 8,020 -3,664 121 -3,503 -170 -4,313 -474 -6,286 3,664 550 -14 -222 -356 727
Special receipts p
13 6 61 – 516 454 26 16 18 3 31 0 1,520 26 6 250
Use of cash balances q
6,123 -1,259 6,096 1,342 -6,868 9,073 4,387 -843 397 -3,171 3,125 -3,110 -2,899 -747 208 -2,714

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Government Finance percent of GDP at current market prices
Total revenue 17.4 22.6 21.8 22.1 21.0 19.6 20.7 21.0 20.8 22.3 19.4 20.3 21.4 20.9 19.9 18.9
Taxes 13.2 17.4 17.4 15.5 15.2 14.8 14.5 14.3 14.7 14.9 13.3 14.8 15.6 15.3 14.8 14.3
Total expenditure 22.9 27.8 27.1 27.1 25.1 23.0 23.9 24.1 25.4 28.9 24.7 25.0 25.7 24.7 23.3 22.1
Overall budgetary surplus/deficit -5.5 -5.2 -5.3 -5.0 -4.1 -3.4 -3.2 -3.1 -4.6 -6.7 -5.3 -4.7 -4.3 -3.8 -3.4 -3.2
Expenditure by Function, Central Government

Total 84,488 98,992 104,676 114,577 120,162 128,278 143,502 163,649 196,346 206,563 204,424 229,010 252,469 253,480 259,092 260,737
General public services 11,295 12,474 9,442 10,277 15,288 11,190 12,402 13,386 14,448 28,853 17,259 17,565 20,279 19,878 17,583 18,686
Defense 9,291 11,597 13,363 16,436 16,323 17,888 19,365 21,836 24,289 23,538 22,653 25,509 27,089 28,670 30,284 32,070
Education 20,022 24,785 29,418 29,226 25,833 26,794 30,938 36,714 44,420 50,158 49,866 49,476 54,590 54,411 56,627 57,395
Health 5,403 6,250 6,654 8,976 9,361 8,723 9,991 11,268 13,246 14,768 16,499 17,135 18,672 19,420 22,120 23,172
Social security and welfare r
3,149 4,440 4,826 6,107 4,968 4,843 5,560 6,980 7,873 8,051 9,735 8,326 9,362 8,685 11,917 11,621
Housing and community amenities s
1,286 1,666 1,944 2,105 2,485 1,335 1,658 3,878 2,760 2,642 2,448 2,388 2,182 2,858 1,389 3,037
Economic services 18,277 17,874 18,447 20,260 18,752 23,721 30,945 30,056 35,178 38,106 40,648 47,711 45,386 43,493 42,648 48,837
Agriculture t
2,506 2,760 2,809 3,378 4,528 4,279 7,366 6,019 9,211 9,844 6,391 5,919 6,298 7,617 8,290 8,103
Industry 7,428 6,700 5,311 5,458 3,466 6,980 7,897 7,425 8,204 7,882 13,512 16,231 12,529 14,865 11,377 13,531
Electricity, gas, and water 1,621 1,131 2,267 977 1,056 1,547 2,726 2,593 2,887 3,300 5,412 6,138 5,649 3,467 3,610 4,794
Transport and communications 6,411 7,105 7,788 10,235 9,443 10,908 12,937 13,530 14,582 13,748 13,707 17,703 14,904 13,444 12,879 14,881
Other economic services u
311 178 272 212 260 8 19 489 295 3,332 1,627 1,720 6,006 4,100 6,494 7,528
Others v
15,765 19,906 20,582 21,190 27,151 33,785 32,644 39,530 54,132 40,446 45,316 60,900 74,909 76,065 76,523 65,919
Expenditure by Function percent of GDP at current market prices

Education 5.6 7.0 7.7 7.0 5.4 4.9 5.2 5.5 5.8 7.0 6.1 5.4 5.6 5.3 5.1 5.0
Health 1.5 1.8 1.7 2.1 2.0 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0
Social security and welfare 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.0
EXTERNAL TRADE million ringgit; calendar year

Exports, fob 373,270 334,284 357,430 397,884 481,253 536,234 589,200 604,300 663,014 552,518 638,822 697,862 702,641 719,992 765,417 779,947
Imports, cif 311,459 280,229 303,090 316,538 399,632 432,871 478,100 502,000 519,804 434,670 528,828 573,626 606,677 648,695 682,937 685,391
Trade balance 61,811 54,055 54,340 81,346 81,621 103,363 111,100 102,300 143,209 117,848 109,994 124,236 95,964 71,298 82,480 94,556
External Trade annual change, percent

Exports 16.1 -10.4 6.9 11.3 21.0 11.4 9.9 2.6 9.7 -16.7 15.6 9.2 0.7 2.5 6.3 1.9
Imports 25.3 -10.0 8.2 4.4 26.3 8.3 10.4 5.0 3.5 -16.4 21.7 8.5 5.8 6.9 5.3 0.4
Direction of Trade million US dollars; calendar year

Exports, total 98,154 88,201 93,388 104,969 126,511 140,980 160,659 176,211 199,515 157,334 198,748 228,289 227,766 228,392 234,248 199,958
1. Singapore 18,050 14,913 15,959 16,523 18,994 22,010 24,744 25,772 29,416 21,934 26,544 28,841 30,967 31,912 33,292 27,808
2. China, People's Rep. of 3,028 3,821 5,253 6,810 8,460 9,303 11,646 15,452 19,049 19,203 24,912 29,954 28,782 30,711 28,204 25,987
3. Japan 12,780 11,770 10,530 11,222 12,777 13,181 14,241 16,091 21,466 15,189 20,782 26,591 27,032 25,328 25,270 18,999
4. United States 20,162 17,816 18,826 20,540 23,749 27,764 30,191 27,531 24,936 17,329 18,987 18,898 19,739 18,474 19,708 18,880
5. Thailand 3,550 3,360 3,972 4,615 6,040 7,585 8,502 8,730 9,571 8,491 10,587 11,711 12,208 12,674 12,315 11,403
6. Hong Kong, China 4,440 4,063 5,307 6,784 7,549 8,241 7,947 8,145 8,530 8,290 10,088 10,229 9,740 9,898 11,326 9,482
7. India 1,925 1,577 1,761 2,534 3,003 3,955 5,129 5,884 7,413 4,918 6,517 9,214 9,507 8,175 9,768 8,128

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
8. Australia 2,426 2,052 2,108 2,614 4,153 4,766 4,553 5,939 7,345 5,750 7,472 8,398 9,436 9,238 10,094 7,214
9. Indonesia 1,707 1,563 1,801 2,129 3,073 3,322 4,074 5,171 6,243 4,907 5,616 6,812 8,951 10,500 9,718 7,473
10. Korea, Rep. of 3,235 2,963 3,140 3,039 4,431 4,737 5,806 6,703 7,800 5,789 7,555 8,589 8,226 8,293 8,557 6,475
Imports, total 82,205 73,361 79,515 82,743 104,307 113,609 130,477 146,982 156,896 123,826 164,735 187,640 196,592 206,118 208,961 175,977
1. China, People's Rep. of 3,237 3,804 6,157 7,300 10,339 13,177 15,887 18,908 20,084 17,391 20,682 24,747 29,762 33,740 35,328 33,155
2. Singapore 11,763 9,293 9,541 9,811 11,705 13,425 15,329 16,870 17,293 14,074 18,761 24,121 26,080 25,504 26,224 21,052
3. Japan 17,331 14,211 14,168 14,282 16,773 16,634 17,338 19,085 19,592 15,473 20,726 21,382 20,213 17,899 16,739 13,785
4. United States 13,668 11,839 13,099 12,851 15,263 14,789 16,424 15,928 16,969 13,909 17,526 18,145 15,904 16,186 16,016 14,194
5. Thailand 3,176 2,927 3,158 3,829 5,789 6,045 7,167 7,863 8,802 7,492 10,263 11,286 11,566 12,281 12,123 10,691
6. Taipei,China 4,611 4,193 4,437 4,131 5,698 6,331 7,157 8,350 7,570 5,268 7,422 8,884 8,175 9,990 10,515 9,373
7. Indonesia 2,269 2,241 2,551 2,939 4,194 4,375 4,952 6,233 7,269 6,559 9,151 11,486 10,084 8,879 8,482 7,950
8. Korea, Rep. of 3,663 2,958 4,231 4,555 5,228 5,706 7,068 7,250 7,292 5,738 8,933 7,616 7,992 9,725 9,705 7,968
9. Germany 2,441 2,743 2,939 3,891 4,703 5,088 5,750 6,813 6,745 5,242 6,648 7,185 7,521 7,278 7,090 6,009
10. Australia 1,593 1,564 1,425 1,264 1,788 2,157 2,426 2,970 3,527 2,696 3,184 4,188 4,730 5,242 6,189 4,501
BALANCE OF PAYMENTSw,x million US dollars; calendar year

Current account balance 8,487 7,286 8,025 13,322 15,079 20,693 | 26,200 29,770 38,914 31,801 25,644 32,492 16,316 11,205 14,847 8,960
Balance on goods 20,827 18,383 18,978 25,727 27,572 34,034 | 38,042 38,113 50,831 40,731 38,403 45,938 36,643 30,577 34,605 28,051
Exports, fob 98,430 87,981 94,343 104,729 126,817 142,437 | 161,485 176,545 199,222 158,058 187,336 215,164 208,795 202,285 207,483 175,731
Imports, fob -77,602 -69,598 -75,365 -79,002 -99,244 -108,402 | -123,443 -138,432 -148,391 117,327 148,932 169,226 172,152 171,708 172,878 147,680
Balance on services y
-10,416 -8,944 -8,173 -9,957 -8,579 -8,860 | -2,570 407 482 820 2,032 498 -2,767 -3,037 -3,264 -5,327
Credit 15,926 16,302 17,017 16,582 21,441 25,059 | 21,081 29,076 30,751 28,292 34,676 38,843 40,581 42,100 42,056 34,677
Debit -26,341 -25,246 -25,190 -26,539 -30,020 -33,919 | -23,651 -28,668 -30,270 27,472 32,645 38,345 43,349 45,137 45,320 40,004
Balance on primary income ... ... ... ... ... ... -4,712 -4,082 -7,137 -4,170 -8,021 -7,061 -11,582 -10,779 -11,168 -8,123
Credit ... ... ... ... ... ... 8,494 11,380 12,081 11,213 11,996 17,144 13,700 15,092 16,049 12,606
Debit ... ... ... ... ... ... -13,206 -15,462 -19,218 15,382 20,017 24,205 25,282 25,870 27,217 20,729
Balance on secondary incomez -1,924 -2,152 -2,781 -2,447 -3,913 -4,481 | -4,560 -4,668 -5,262 -5,580 -6,770 -6,884 -5,978 -5,557 -5,327 -5,641
Credit 756 537 661 508 422 300 | 314 391 419 1,077 598 1,528 2,156 2,409 3,212 3,036
Debit -2,680 -2,689 -3,442 -2,955 -4,335 -4,781 | -4,874 -5,059 -5,681 6,657 7,368 8,412 8,134 7,966 8,539 8,677
Capital account ... ... ... ... ... ... -72 -54 187 -45 -34 -43 79 -5 103 -311
Credit ... ... ... ... ... ... 9 14 268 3 22 14 134 5 115 2
Debit ... ... ... ... ... ... -82 -68 -81 48 56 58 55 10 12 313
Financial account -6,276 -3,892 -3,142 -3,196 5,091 -9,768 | -11,812 -11,377 -33,974 -22,639 -5,961 7,727 -7,501 -6,175 -24,170 -13,321
Direct investment 1,762 287 1,299 1,104 2,563 990 | -53 2,744 7,827 6,626 4,464 2,989 8,001 2,112 5,441 -1,075
Portfolio investment -2,472 -649 -1,712 1,097 8,683 -3,727 | -3,436 -5,388 23,961 291 -14,994 -8,678 -20,681 814 11,883 7,708
Financial derivatives … … … … … … -29 48 659 -683 212 21 -313 98 295 174
Other investment -5,565 -3,531 -2,729 -5,397 -6,154 -7,030 | -15,331 -13,973 -1,526 -16,404 -16,280 2,058 -20,494 -3,151 -6,551 -6,514
Net errors and omissions -3,186 -2,430 -1,148 343 1,863 -7,347 | -7,451 -5,195 -8,578 -5,199 -19,685 -9,019 -7,550 -627 -1,861 5,019
Overall balance -974 964 3,734 10,469 22,034 3,578 | 6,864 13,144 -3,450 3,918 -37 31,156 1,343 4,399 -11,080 346
Reserves and related items 974 -964 -3,734 -10,469 -22,034 -3,578 | -6,864 -13,144 3,450 -3,918 37 -31,156 -1,343 -4,399 11,080 -346
Reserve assets 974 -964 -3,734 -10,469 -22,034 -3,578 | -6,864 -13,144 3,450 -3,918 37 -31,156 -1,343 -4,399 11,080 -346
International investment position – -36,217 -36,786 -37,367 -33,479 -19,785 | -6,373 -4,367 31,413 30,017 4,017 11,945 -5,751 -14,938 -5,339 28,232
Balance of Payments percent of GDP

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Exports 104.9 94.8 93.6 95.0 101.7 99.2 98.9 91.0 86.4 77.6 73.4 72.2 66.4 62.6 61.4 59.3
Imports 82.7 75.0 74.7 71.7 79.6 75.5 75.9 71.5 64.3 58.0 58.4 56.8 54.7 53.1 51.1 49.8
Balance on goods 22.2 19.8 18.8 23.3 22.1 23.7 23.4 19.7 22.0 20.1 15.1 15.4 11.7 9.5 10.2 9.5
Current account balance 9.0 7.9 8.0 12.1 12.1 14.4 16.1 15.4 16.9 15.7 10.1 10.9 5.2 3.5 4.4 3.0
Overall balance -1.0 1.0 3.7 9.5 17.7 2.5 4.2 6.8 -1.5 1.9 0.0 10.5 0.4 1.4 -3.3 0.1
INTERNATIONAL RESERVES million US dollars; as of end of period

Total 28,624 29,817 33,656 44,116 66,176 70,152 82,426 101,313 91,528 96,713 106,525 133,618 139,724 134,854 115,937 95,287
Gold, national valuation 294 295 295 295 295 295 294 294 379 1,281 1,641 1,838 1,940 1,410 1,365 1,309
Foreign exchange 27,432 28,633 32,419 42,772 64,906 69,377 81,724 100,635 90,605 92,865 102,325 128,964 134,940 130,492 111,765 91,429
Reserve position in the IMF 792 764 790 871 776 285 195 155 317 442 471 843 867 972 942 767
SDRs 105 125 151 178 199 196 214 229 226 2,124 2,088 1,973 1,976 1,981 1,864 1,783
EXCHANGE RATES ringgit per US dollar

End of period 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.78 3.53 3.31 3.46 3.42 3.08 3.18 3.06 3.28 3.50 4.29
Average of period 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.79 3.67 3.44 3.34 3.52 3.22 3.06 3.09 3.15 3.27 3.91
EXTERNAL INDEBTEDNESS million US dollars; as of end of year

Total debt outstanding and disbursed 41,946 45,158 48,344 50,773 60,510 64,911 70,051 84,215 106,896 119,611 133,800 144,898 193,880 212,387 210,820 …
Long-term debt 37,192 38,232 39,785 41,941 48,862 51,537 58,039 60,896 67,882 73,806 80,450 78,128 99,201 107,502 105,037 …
Public and publicly guaranteed 19,125 24,051 26,297 29,269 33,430 34,387 40,238 42,730 49,070 53,717 61,858 60,647 67,392 70,365 66,237 …
Private nonguaranteed 18,067 14,181 13,488 12,672 15,433 17,150 17,800 18,165 18,812 20,089 18,593 17,481 31,809 37,137 38,800 …
Short-term debt 4,573 6,752 8,369 8,625 11,432 13,176 11,803 23,100 38,800 43,695 51,276 64,704 92,610 102,812 103,833 …
Use of IMF credit 181 175 189 207 216 199 209 220 214 2,110 2,073 2,067 2,069 2,073 1,950 …
External debt percent of GNI 48.7 52.5 51.3 48.7 51.1 47.3 44.3 44.4 47.7 60.3 55.9 51.3 66.1 70.3 66.8 …
Total long-term debt percent of total debt 88.7 84.7 82.3 82.6 80.8 79.4 82.9 72.3 63.5 61.7 60.1 53.9 51.2 50.6 49.8 …
Short-term debt percent of total debt 10.9 15.0 17.3 17.0 18.9 20.3 16.8 27.4 36.3 36.5 38.3 44.7 47.8 48.4 49.3 …
Debt service percent of exports of goods and services 5.6 6.0 7.2 7.9 6.2 5.6 3.8 3.9 2.4 5.1 2.3 2.3 2.4 4.3 5.8 …
Debt service million US dollars; transactions during the year

Principal repayments on long-term debt 4,146 4,091 5,973 7,409 7,102 7,192 4,932 5,779 3,258 7,750 3,564 4,551 4,171 8,995 9,876 11,100
Interest on long-term debt 2,021 1,934 1,719 1,896 1,769 1,858 1,867 2,035 2,112 1,746 1,708 1,563 2,053 2,451 2,540 2,378
Interest on short-term debt 266 195 235 275 306 325 480 594 476 581 297 327 351 421 532 …
Average terms of new commitments

Interest percent per annum 5.8 4.0 5.0 5.5 5.5 6.6 6.6 6.8 6.2 6.1 3.3 4.4 6.2 5.4 2.9 …
Maturity years 13.2 13.6 11.7 23.6 21.8 25.3 22.2 26.2 21.8 19.0 4.7 7.6 20.8 19.7 4.4 …
Grace period years 3.9 5.8 7.9 22.0 19.9 25.2 21.1 25.9 19.6 19.0 2.6 7.1 20.4 19.5 4.4 …
Grant element percent 21.6 33.4 24.9 25.8 26.5 27.1 24.8 26.2 21.3 26.1 19.1 24.3 26.7 29.9 24.5 …
… = data not available at cutoff date; | = marks break in the series; 0 or 0.0 = magnitude is less than half of unit employed; – = magnitude equals zero; na = not applicable; cif = cost,
insurance, and freight; fob = free on board; GDP = gross domestic product; GNI = gross national income; IMF = International Monetary Fund; NPISH = nonprofit institution serving households;
SDR = special drawing right; US = United States.
a For 2000, data refer to wholesale and retail trade; and restaurants and hotels. For 2001–2015, data refer to wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles.

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
b For 2000–2009, data refer to transport, storage, and communication. For 2010–2015, data refer to transport and storage.
c For 2000, data refer to finance, insurance, real estate, and business services. For 2001–2009, data refer to financial intermediation. For 2010–2014, data refer to financial insurance.
d For 2000, data refer to community, social, and personal services. For 2001–2009, data refer to water supply; sewerage, waste management, and remediation activities; professional, scientific, and
technical activities; administrative and support service activities; public administration and defense; compulsory social security; education; human health and social work activities; arts, entertainment,
and recreation; other services activities; activities of households as employers; and activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies. For 2010–2014, data refer to public administration and
defense; compulsory social security; education; health and social work; other community, social, and personal service activities; private households with employed persons; and extraterritorial
organizations and bodies.
e Inclusive of valuables and statistical discrepancy.
f Estimated as the difference between GDP by industrial origin at current market prices and the sum of household consumption expenditure and government consumption expenditure.
g Beginning 2005, refers to the balance of primary income.
h Same as net current transfer data from the balance of payments.
i Data compilation was based on a new statistical reporting system, which follows fixing the ringgit/US dollar exchange rate at RM3.80; all assets and liabilities in foreign currencies have been revalued
to ringgit at exchange rates prevailing on the reporting date; and the exchange revaluation gain has been reflected in Bank Negara Malaysia's records. In April 2007, money supply (M3) was revised
to include "other deposits."
j Refers to loans by commercial and Islamic banks and includes loans sold to Cagamas.
k Includes sinking fund revenues, but excludes loan repayments by state governments and statutory authorities.
l Excludes intra-account transfers such as development funds.
m Refers to net development expenditure.
n Exclude nonbudgetary surplus/deficit.
o Includes use of IMF compensatory and buffer financing facilities.
p Includes proceeds from the sale of assets and grants from foreign governments and organizations.
q Includes changes in government trust fund balances. A minus sign indicates the accumulation of assets.
r Includes mainly welfare services, post and broadcasting, culture, youth, and sports.
s Refers to government housing.
t Includes rural development.
u Includes mainly feasibility studies, research and development, and mineral resources.
v Includes mainly transfer payments, debt service charges, pensions, and gratuities.
w
From 2000 to 2005, data are compiled based on the fifth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual format; beginning 2006, data are compiled based on the sixth edition.
x All conversions to US dollars from ringgit were made at annual average exchange rates.
y From 2000 to 2005, refers to services and income. Beginning 2006, refers to services.
z From 2000 to 2005, refers to current transfers, net. Beginning 2006, refers to secondary income, net.
Sources:
Population Department of Statistics (DOS). Official communication, 1 July 2016; past communication.
Labor Force DOS. Official communication, 1 July 2016; past communication.
National Accounts DOS. Official communication, 1 July 2016; past communication; other publications.
GDP by industrial origin From 2010–2015: CEIC Database. (accessed 20 July 2016).
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor
vehicles and motorcycles
Financial and insurance activities
Expenditure on GDP
Production Indexes
Agriculture Food and Agriculture Organization. FAOSTAT. http://faostat3.fao.org/home/E (accessed 8 June 2015)
Mining DOS. Official communication, 1 July 2016; past communication.

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Manufacturing
Energy
Crude Petroleum Production, exports, and imports:
DOS. Official communication, 1 July 2016; past communication; other publications.
Consumption:
United Nations. 2014. Energy Statistics Yearbook 2011. New York; past issues.
Coal Production, exports, and imports:

DOS. Official communication, 1 July 2016; past communication; other publications.
Consumption:
United Nations. 2014. Energy Statistics Yearbook 2011. New York; past issues.
Electricity DOS. Official communication, 1 July 2016; past communication; other publications.
Retail Prices DOS. Official communication, 1 July 2016; past communication; official website, http://www.statistics.gov.my.
Price Indexes DOS. Official communication, 1 July 2016; past communication; other publications.
Money and Banking Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM). Official communication, 27 June 2016; past communication; other publications.
Government Finance BNM. Official communication, 27 June 2016; past communication; other publications.
External Trade DOS. Official communication, 1 July 2016; past communication; other publications.
Direction of Trade International Monetary Fund (IMF). Direction of Trade Statistics, CD-ROM, July 2016.
Balance of Payments From 2000–2005: DOS. Official communication, 1 July 2016; past communication; other publications.
From 2006–2015: CEIC Database. (accessed on 20 July 2016).
International investment position From 2000–2015: DOS. Official communication, 1 July 2016; past communication; other publications.
International Reserves IMF. International Financial Statistics, CD-ROM, July 2016.

Exchange Rates
External Indebtedness World Bank. World Development Indicators and International Debt Statistics. http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators (accessed 25 May 2016).

MALAYSIA
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
POPULATION
Total population million; as of 1 July 20.68 21.22 21.77 22.33 22.91 23.49 24.03 24.54 25.04 25.54 26.05 26.55 27.06 27.57 28.08
Population density persons per square kilometer 63 64 66 68 69 71 73 74 76 77 79 80 82 83 85
Population annual change, percent 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9
Urban population percent of total population 56.0 57.1 58.3 59.6 60.8 62.0 62.9 63.8 64.8 65.6 66.5 67.4 68.3 69.2 70.1
LABOR FORCE thousand; calendar year 7893 8616 8784 8884 9152 9556 9699 9887 10240 10346 10413 10629 10890 11028 11315
Employed 7645 8399 8569 8600 8838 9269 9357 9543 9870 9980 10045 10275 10538 10660 10897
Agriculture 1527 1626 1481 1616 1628 1552 1416 1424 1408 1453 1470 1504 1558 1488 1471
Manufacturing 1780 1912 2002 1908 1991 2174 2184 2069 2131 2023 1989 2083 1977 1945 1807
Mining 32 35 38 28 38 28 27 28 30 35 36 42 39 55 63
Others 4306 4826 5048 5048 5181 5515 5730 6022 6301 6469 6550 6647 6963 7173 7556
Unemployed 248 217 215 284 314 287 342 344 370 367 368 354 351 369 418
Unemployment rate percent 3.1 2.5 2.4 3.2 3.4 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.7
Labor force annual change, percent 0.8 9.2 1.9 1.1 3.0 4.4 1.5 1.9 3.6 1.0 0.6 2.1 2.5 1.3 2.6
Labor force participation rate percent 64.7 66.3 65.6 64.3 64.2 65.4 64.9 64.4 65.2 64.4 63.3 63.1 63.2 62.6 62.9
Male 84.3 84.9 84.3 83.1 82.8 83.3 82.3 81.5 82.1 80.9 80.0 79.9 79.5 79.0 78.9
Female 44.7 46.8 46.0 44.4 44.6 47.2 46.8 46.7 47.7 47.2 45.9 45.8 46.4 45.7 46.4
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS million Ringgit; calendar year

At Current Prices
GDP by industrial origin at current market prices 222473 253733 281795 283243 300764 356401 352579 383213 418769 474048 543578 596784 665340 769949 712857
Agriculture 28809 29637 31283 37706 32610 30647 28245 34432 38971 43949 44912 51383 66446 76753 65719
Mining 13864 16598 19432 19055 23081 37617 33945 34169 41918 56881 72111 81759 88332 120170 81342
Manufacturing 58684 70646 79974 81525 93045 109998 103434 112076 125332 144007 149754 164510 173804 189105 169661
Electricity, gas, and watera 5813 6560 7726 9188 9619 10629 11281 11970 12607 13711 14076 14878 15840 16855 17852
Construction 13747 16641 18474 14507 13987 13971 14241 14673 15200 15458 16107 16451 18739 21156 23187
Trade 34132 37794 41529 43169 44378 47934 49201 51327 53062 59401 74642 81528 95353 114197 115263
Transport and communications 14964 16761 18762 19433 20290 24898 26488 28197 30172 33319 36434 39290 43009 46482 46901
Financeb 25758 32716 38210 37774 38326 48287 50986 55829 57914 60531 66016 72521 80826 89965 94258
Public administration 16780 17216 18704 18335 20184 22576 24104 27450 29569 31827 35656 40045 46210 54675 56588
Othersc 14891 17052 18743 19996 20836 21324 22594 23810 24891 26099 27499 28762 30812 33058 35123
Less: Imputed bank service charges 12529 16057 19858 22760 22052 17308 17594 17324 17374 17531 ... ... ... … …
Plus: Taxes on imports 7559 8169 8815 5316 6459 5826 5653 6605 6507 6396 6372 5659 5969 7531 6964
Net factor income from abroadd -10377 -11801 -15095 -15321 -20886 -28909 -25623 -25061 -22537 -24402 -23942 -17294 -13985 -23034 -14215
GNI 212095 241932 266699 267923 279877 327492 326956 358152 396232 449646 519635 579490 651355 746915 698642
Structure of Output percent of GDP at current producers' prices

Agriculture 12.7 11.3 10.7 12.5 10.3 8.3 7.7 8.7 9.1 9.1 8.4 8.7 10.1 10.1 9.3
Industry 40.5 42.2 42.9 41.3 44.2 46.8 44.7 43.9 45.4 47.4 46.9 47.0 45.0 45.6 41.4
Services 46.8 46.5 46.4 46.1 45.5 44.9 47.6 47.4 45.5 43.5 44.7 44.3 44.9 44.4 49.3
Expenditure on GDP at current market prices 222473 253733 281795 283243 300764 356400 352580 383212 418769 474047 543578 596784 665340 769949 712857
Private consumption 106613 116794 127783 117718 125056 155941 162618 172485 186674 208571 240188 264584 300418 344215 348168
MALAYSIA
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Government consumption 27527 28178 30341 27670 33044 36229 42448 49656 54306 59635 62368 66647 76959 88581 93017
Gross fixed capital formation 96967 107825 121494 75982 65841 90141 88580 89995 93864 99336 121237 131024 149064 158381 156660
Increase in stockse 120 -2579 -398 -427 1476 5615 -2557 4955 1462 9930 505 4467 6689 6837 -29517
Exports of goods and services 209323 232358 262885 327836 364861 427003 389256 415040 447846 546925 613694 669505 706382 766096 651671
Less: Imports of goods and services 218077 228843 260310 265536 289514 358529 327765 348919 365383 450350 494414 539443 574172 594160 507142
Statistical discrepancy – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Private consumption 47.9 46.0 45.3 41.6 41.6 43.8 46.1 45.0 44.6 44.0 44.2 44.3 45.2 44.7 48.8
Government consumption 12.4 11.1 10.8 9.8 11.0 10.2 12.0 13.0 13.0 12.6 11.5 11.2 11.6 11.5 13.0
Gross domestic capital formation 43.6 41.5 43.0 26.7 22.4 26.9 24.4 24.8 22.8 23.0 22.4 22.7 23.4 21.5 17.8
Exports of goods and services 94.1 91.6 93.3 115.7 121.3 119.8 110.4 108.3 106.9 115.4 112.9 112.2 106.2 99.5 91.4
Imports of goods and services 98.0 90.2 92.4 93.7 96.3 100.6 93.0 91.1 87.3 95.0 91.0 90.4 86.3 77.2 71.1
Statistical discrepancy – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
At Constant Prices
GDP by industrial origin at 1987 | 2000 | 2005 market prices 166626 183292 196714 182237 193422 | 356401 358246 377559 399414 426508 | 543579 573938 610085 639566 629884
Agriculture 17114 17890 18010 17512 17596 | 30647 30594 31471 33369 34929 | 44912 47533 48188 50036 50063
Mining 13643 14040 14305 14357 15344 | 37617 36980 38610 40959 42627 | 72111 71276 72758 70996 66386
Manufacturing 45174 53387 58788 50899 56840 | 109998 105301 109640 119687 131127 | 149754 160880 165879 167148 152150
Electricity, gas, and watera 5876 6441 6070 6745 7078 | 10629 11062 11759 12282 13100 | 14076 14728 15415 15930 16246
Construction 7411 8610 9522 7241 6926 | 13971 14427 14762 15031 14903 | 16107 16022 17391 18151 19270
Trade 25304 27297 29484 28489 29383 | 47934 48974 50986 51965 56441 | 74642 79608 91405 101344 103444
Transport and communications 12298 13208 14764 14720 15354 | 24898 26409 27442 28620 30973 | 36434 38790 41987 44885 45483
Financeb 17287 20220 24044 23583 24976 | 48287 50570 55392 58011 60775 | 66015 71344 79672 87157 90743
Public administration 11803 12004 13041 13180 14055 | 22576 23583 24816 26693 28243 | 35656 39806 41494 44633 46145
Othersc 12780 13792 14760 15036 15447 | 21324 22223 23105 23996 24996 | 27500 28280 29959 31763 32965
Less: Imputed bank service charges 8888 10954 13759 13956 14896 | 17308 17505 17018 17654 17705 | ... ... ... ... ...
Plus: Taxes on imports 6823 7356 7684 4430 5319 | 5826 5629 6594 6453 6099 | 6372 5671 5937 7523 6989
Net factor income from abroadd -11422 -13188 -14416 -9451 -13628 | -28909 -26506 -25888 -22605 -23670 | -23942 -19694 -21084 -23034 -14215
GNI 155203 170103 182297 172785 179794 | 327492 331740 351671 376809 402838 | 519637 554244 589001 616532 615669

GDP 9.8 10.0 7.3 -7.4 6.1 8.9 0.5 5.4 5.8 6.8 5.3 5.6 6.3 4.8 -1.5
Agriculture -2.5 4.5 0.7 -2.8 0.5 6.1 -0.2 2.9 6.0 4.7 2.6 5.8 1.4 3.8 0.1
Industry 14.9 14.4 7.5 -10.6 8.8 13.6 -2.6 4.2 7.5 7.3 3.6 4.3 3.2 0.3 -6.7
Services 9.6 8.9 11.1 -1.1 4.4 6.0 4.1 5.8 4.2 6.4 7.3 7.3 10.4 8.9 2.9
Expenditure on GDP at 1987 | 2000 | 2005 market prices 166626 183292 196714 182237 193422 | 356400 358246 377558 399413 426507 | 543578 573936 610087 639565 629885
Private consumption 81981 87609 91385 82031 84377 | 155941 160662 166883 180423 198193 | 240188 256065 282807 307467 309169
Government consumption 20682 20833 22017 20059 23485 | 36229 41918 46902 50939 54832 | 62368 65792 70149 74970 78675
Gross fixed capital formation 81895 88624 96744 55177 51568 | 90141 88282 88792 91317 94562 | 121237 128832 142178 145525 141584
Increase in stockse 90 -1900 -276 -233 1254 | 5615 -1450 4907 966 4052 | 505 3353 1982 1196 -8682
Exports of goods and services 161856 176792 186499 187415 212085 | 427003 397838 419430 440963 511774 | 613694 654702 679408 690096 615024
MALAYSIA
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Less: Imports of goods and services 179878 188666 199655 162212 179347 | 358529 329004 349356 365195 436906 | 494414 534808 566438 579688 505886
Statistical discrepancy – – – – –| – – – – –| – – – – –

Private consumption 11.7 6.9 4.3 -10.2 2.9 13.0 3.0 3.9 8.1 9.8 9.1 6.6 10.4 8.7 0.6
Government consumption 6.1 0.7 5.7 -8.9 17.1 1.6 15.7 11.9 8.6 7.6 6.5 5.5 6.6 6.9 4.9
Gross domestic capital formation 20.3 5.8 11.2 -43.0 -3.9 29.2 -9.3 7.9 -1.5 6.9 -2.5 8.6 9.1 1.8 -9.4
Exports of goods and services 19.0 9.2 5.5 0.5 13.2 16.1 -6.8 5.4 5.1 16.1 8.3 6.7 3.8 1.6 -10.9
Imports of goods and services 23.7 4.9 5.8 -18.8 10.6 24.4 -8.2 6.2 4.5 19.6 8.9 8.2 5.9 2.3 -12.7
Investment Financing at Current Prices

Gross domestic capital formation 97087 105246 121096 75555 67317 95756 86023 94950 95326 109266 121742 135491 155753 165218 127143
Gross national saving 75441 94017 104400 112951 115211 128009 113712 125445 145952 166569 200109 231519 257943 296630 237869
Gross domestic savingf 88333 108761 123671 137855 142664 164231 147513 161072 177789 205842 241022 265553 287962 337154 271672
Net factor income from abroadd -10377 -11801 -15095 -15321 -20886 -28909 -25623 -25061 -22537 -24402 -23942 -17294 -13985 -23034 -14215
Net current transfers from abroadg -2515 -2943 -4176 -9583 -6567 -7313 -8178 -10566 -9300 -14871 -16971 -16739 -16035 -17489 -19587

Gross domestic saving 39.7 42.9 43.9 48.7 47.4 46.1 41.8 42.0 42.5 43.4 44.3 44.5 43.3 43.8 38.1
Gross national saving 33.9 37.1 37.0 39.9 38.3 35.9 32.3 32.7 34.9 35.1 36.8 38.8 38.8 38.5 33.4
Gross domestic capital formation 43.6 41.5 43.0 26.7 22.4 26.9 24.4 24.8 22.8 23.0 22.4 22.7 23.4 21.5 17.8
At Current Market Prices Ringgit

Per capita GDP 10758 11957 12944 12684 13128 15172 14672 15616 16724 18561 20867 22478 24588 27927 25387
Per capita GNI 10256 11401 12251 11998 12216 13942 13606 14595 15824 17606 19948 21826 24071 27092 24880

Agriculture 2004–2006 = 100 69.6 71.7 73.1 69.0 75.3 78.0 81.9 83.4 90.7 95.3 99.7 105.0 104.0 110.7 109.5
Mining 2005 = 100 82.1 86.9 89.0 89.9 87.1 86.9 89.5 91.1 96.0 101.7 100.0 96.2 98.3 99.1 95.5
Manufacturing 2005 = 100 48.4 54.3 61.1 54.8 61.9 77.3 72.3 76.1 84.4 95.1 100.0 108.9 111.4 112.2 100.9

Production 33862 34466 34285 34821 33178 32784 31993 33545 35437 36712 33787 32030 32788 33133 31642
Exports 19165 17495 15872 18071 17725 16672 15118 16192 17913 18295 18390 16875 16880 12250 16412
Imports 1271 1397 1256 1929 3247 6963 8559 6845 7991 7888 9121 10278 10529 9228 9146
Consumption 15183 17290 18263 17557 ... ... 24806 23628 27364 26274 ... ... ... ... ...
Coalh thousand metric tons

Production 112 74 105 350 309 383 498 353 175 389 789 921 1063 1167 2138
Exports 77 15 2 0 4 5 9 6 1 24 63 100 94 54 75
Imports 2003 2924 2523 2299 2641 2677 3706 5340 6353 9555 10303 11404 10954 5457 9304
Consumption 2254 2768 2591 2633 ... ... 4156 5251 4623 13275 ... ... ... ... ...
MALAYSIA
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Production 46632 52819 58674 60471 62553 66686 72280 75328 84022 90661 96214 100841 104950 106927 107116
Exports – – – – – 18 5 12 193 953 1814 2680 2252 570 199
Imports – – – – – 1 17 7 0 – – – – 0 –
Consumption 46609 45177 51204 52525 55961 62350 64954 68802 73483 78804 83219 85956 91189 94393 93714
Retail prices Ringgit/liter

Gasoline, premium 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.19 1.28 1.32 1.35 1.50 1.83 1.88 2.18 1.88
Diesel 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.67 0.72 0.73 0.77 0.80 1.10 1.53 1.58 … 1.77

Consumer 2010 = 100 68.9 71.3 73.2 77.0 79.2 80.4 81.5 83.0 83.9 85.2 87.7 90.9 92.7 97.7 98.3
Food 58.2 61.5 64.0 69.8 72.9 74.4 74.9 75.4 76.4 78.0 80.9 83.6 86.2 93.8 97.6
Nonfood 73.6 75.6 77.2 80.1 81.9 83.0 84.4 86.3 87.2 88.3 90.7 94.1 95.5 99.4 98.6
Producer 2005 = 100 73.5 75.2 77.2 85.6 82.7 85.3 85.5 84.9 88.9 94.5 100.0 103.1 108.8 119.9 111.1
Implicit GDP deflator 1987 | 2000 | 2005= 100 133.5 138.4 143.3 155.4 155.5 | 100.0 98.4 101.5 104.8 111.1 | 100.0 104.0 109.1 120.4 113.2

Consumer price index 3.4 3.5 2.7 5.2 2.9 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.1 1.5 2.9 3.6 2.0 5.4 0.6
Food price index 4.9 5.7 4.1 9.1 4.4 2.1 0.7 0.7 1.3 2.1 3.7 3.3 3.1 8.8 4.1
Producer price index 3.8 2.3 2.7 10.9 -3.4 3.1 0.2 -0.7 4.7 6.3 5.8 3.1 5.5 10.2 -7.3
Implicit GDP deflator 3.6 3.7 3.5 8.5 0.0 4.9 -1.6 3.1 3.3 6.0 4.6 4.0 4.9 10.4 -6.0
MONEY AND BANKINGi million Ringgit; as of end of period

Money supply (M1) 51924 60585 63365 54135 73628 78516 81016 89512 102441 114550 124338 141367 169007 183047 200917
Currency in circulation 17479 19031 21434 18246 24780 22264 22148 23897 26101 28617 30178 33519 36247 40425 43439
Demand deposits (excluding government deposits) 34445 41554 41931 35889 48848 56252 58869 65615 76339 85933 94160 107848 132760 142623 157477
Quasi-money 146949 177623 228852 242337 265089 278051 283707 297000 326996 423085 497009 586317 627868 720382 788426
Money supply (M2) 198873 238209 292217 296472 338718 356567 364723 386512 429436 537636 621346 727684 796876 903430 989343
Money supply (M3) 271949 329708 390809 401459 436170 458363 471731 504150 553058 621226 672835 760302 832738 931865 1017303
Foreign assets (net) 58752 60273 43484 94640 124686 122213 125751 134019 167417 258043 259875 312620 383786 331800 354263
Domestic credit 278467 361639 458198 449795 445843 476283 495128 533990 578231 592156 631453 674484 727250 855127 931893
Claims on government sector (net) -6376 -9235 -8725 -21016 -16813 -11826 -12833 -1068 11886 -4713 -9917 -1600 -2241 31408 57216
Claims on private sector 284844 370874 466924 470810 462656 488109 507960 535058 566345 596869 641370 676084 729490 823719 874676
Other items -65270 -92204 -110873 -142975 -134360 -140133 -149148 -163860 -192590 -228973 -218493 -226802 -278298 -255063 -268852
Money supply (M3) annual change, percent 14.9 21.2 18.5 2.7 8.6 5.1 2.9 6.9 9.7 12.3 8.3 13.0 9.5 11.9 9.2
M3 percent of GDP at current market prices 122.2 129.9 138.7 141.7 145.0 128.6 133.8 131.6 132.1 131.0 123.8 127.4 125.2 121.0 142.7
Deposit Money Banks

Demand deposits 36301 42857 43846 36794 48413 54627 56201 60222 70033 90946 99243 114826 140949 149509 165891
Savings deposits 23483 28155 25854 26800 32984 37702 41166 45109 49085 68590 70535 75730 84433 92218 102268
Time deposits 102210 128340 165131 175663 199717 201391 191170 194813 210543 342452 357222 405620 418351 444190 473668
Loans and advancesj 175007 230603 293044 302694 295332 314798 325072 338242 355839 448354 526772 585506 636368 721797 779279
MALAYSIA
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

On deposits
Savings 3.70 4.10 4.23 3.87 2.76 2.72 2.28 2.12 1.86 1.58 1.41 1.48 1.44 1.40 0.86
Time: 6 months 6.73 7.23 9.21 5.76 3.47 3.50 3.22 3.21 3.01 3.00 3.04 3.34 3.29 3.11 2.04
12 months 6.89 7.26 9.33 5.74 3.95 4.24 4.00 4.00 3.70 3.70 3.70 3.73 3.70 3.50 2.50
GOVERNMENT FINANCE million Ringgit; fiscal year ending 31 December

Central Government
Total revenue and grants 50954 58280 65736 56710 58675 61864 79567 83515 92608 99397 106304 123546 139885 159793 158639
Total revenue 50954 58280 65736 56710 58675 61864 79567 83515 92608 99397 106304 123546 139885 159793 158639
Current revenuek 50954 58280 65736 56710 58675 61865 79567 83515 92608 99397 106304 123546 139885 159793 158639
Taxes 41671 47272 53627 45336 45346 47173 61492 66860 64891 72050 80594 86630 95168 112897 106504
Nontaxes 9283 11008 12109 11374 13329 14692 18075 16655 27717 27347 25710 36916 44717 46896 52135
Capital receipts – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Grants … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Total expenditure and net lending 49093 56465 59110 61713 68161 81579 97989 103768 113536 118816 125028 142655 160544 195388 206064
Total expenditure 49093 56465 59110 61713 68161 81579 97989 103768 113536 118816 125028 142655 160544 195388 206064
Current expenditurel 36573 43865 44665 44585 46699 56547 63757 68699 75224 91298 97744 107694 123084 153499 157067
Capital expenditurem 12520 12600 14445 17128 21462 25032 34232 35069 38312 27518 27284 34961 37460 41889 48997
Net lending … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Current surplus/deficit 14381 14415 21071 12126 11976 5317 15810 14816 17384 8099 8560 15852 16801 6295 1572
Capital account surplus/deficit -12520 -12600 -14445 -17128 -21463 -25032 -34232 -35069 -38312 -27518 -27284 -34961 -37460 -41889 -48997
Overall budgetary surplus/deficitn 1861 1815 6626 -5002 -9487 -19715 -18422 -20253 -20928 -19419 -18724 -19109 -20659 -35594 -47424
Financing
Domestic borrowing (net) – 1291 -2048 11040 5423 12714 13381 6076 23250 25650 12700 14866 25800 35654 56879
Foreign borrowing (net)o -1635 -2177 -1681 1819 2923 864 6295 8020 -3664 121 -3503 -170 -4313 -474 -6286
Special receiptsp 166 475 91 1 238 13 6 61 – 516 454 26 16 18 3
Use of cash balancesq -392 -1404 -2988 -7858 902 6123 -1259 6096 1342 -6868 9073 4387 -843 397 -3171

Total revenue 22.9 23.0 23.3 20.0 19.5 17.4 22.6 21.8 22.1 21.0 19.6 20.7 21.0 20.8 22.3
Taxes 18.7 18.6 19.0 16.0 15.1 13.2 17.4 17.4 15.5 15.2 14.8 14.5 14.3 14.7 14.9
Total expenditure 22.1 22.3 21.0 21.8 22.7 22.9 27.8 27.1 27.1 25.1 23.0 23.9 24.1 25.4 28.9
Overall budgetary surplus/deficit 0.8 0.7 2.4 -1.8 -3.2 -5.5 -5.2 -5.3 -5.0 -4.1 -3.4 -3.2 -3.1 -4.6 -6.7
Expenditure by Function, Central Government

Total 50624 58493 60415 62687 69313 84488 98992 104676 114577 120162 128278 143502 163649 196346 206563
General public services 6426 5700 6943 7503 9077 11295 12474 9442 10277 15288 11190 12402 13386 14448 28853
Defense 8892 9060 8921 7276 9230 9291 11597 13363 16436 16323 17888 19365 21836 24289 23538
Education 10603 12489 12881 13443 15323 20022 24785 29418 29226 25833 26794 30938 36714 44420 50158
Health 2772 3474 3727 4047 4461 5403 6250 6654 8976 9361 8723 9991 11268 13246 14768
Social security and welfarer 1796 2143 2506 2237 2596 3149 4440 4826 6107 4968 4843 5560 6980 7873 8051
Housing and community amenitiess 483 702 856 1118 1168 1286 1666 1944 2105 2485 1335 1658 3878 2760 2642
MALAYSIA
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Economic services 9309 11978 11626 13329 13182 18277 17874 18447 20260 18752 23721 30945 30056 35178 38106
Agriculturet 2495 2618 2405 2081 2310 2506 2760 2809 3378 4528 4279 7366 6019 9211 9844
Industry 1842 2680 2562 4506 4394 7428 6700 5311 5458 3466 6980 7897 7425 8204 7882
Electricity, gas, and water 707 955 1601 2365 1941 1621 1131 2267 977 1056 1547 2726 2593 2887 3300
Transport and communications 4191 5655 4992 4142 4369 6411 7105 7788 10235 9443 10908 12937 13530 14582 13748
Other economic servicesu 74 70 66 235 168 311 178 272 212 260 8 19 489 295 3332
Othersv 10343 12947 12955 13734 14276 15765 19906 20582 21190 27151 33785 32644 39530 54132 40446
EXTERNAL TRADE million Ringgit; calendar year

Exports, fob 184986 197026 220890 286563 321560 373270 334284 357430 397884 481253 536234 589200 604300 663014 552518
Imports, cif 194344 197280 220935 228124 248477 311459 280229 303090 316538 399632 432871 478100 502000 519804 434670
Trade balance -9358 -254 -45 58439 73083 61811 54055 54340 81346 81621 103363 111100 102300 143209 117848

Exports 20.2 6.5 12.1 29.7 12.2 16.1 -10.4 6.9 11.3 21.0 11.4 9.9 2.6 9.7 -16.7
Imports 24.6 1.5 12.0 3.3 8.9 25.3 -10.0 8.2 4.4 26.3 8.3 10.4 5.0 3.5 -16.4
Direction of Trade million US Dollars; calendar year

Exports, total 73728 78222 78909 73471 84552 98155 88204 93389 104971 126513 140981 160660 176216 199517 157337
1. Singapore 14960 16018 15869 12444 13974 18050 14913 15959 16523 18994 22010 24744 25772 29416 21934
2. China, People's Rep. of 1889 1882 1852 1994 2318 3028 3821 5253 6810 8460 9303 11646 15452 19049 19203
3. Japan 9199 10498 9983 7716 9839 12780 11770 10530 11222 12777 13181 14241 16091 21466 15189
4. United States 15313 14251 14553 15885 18533 20162 17816 18826 20540 23749 27764 30191 27531 24936 17329
5. Thailand 2868 3207 2869 2317 2758 3550 3360 3972 4615 6040 7585 8502 8730 9571 8491
6. Hong Kong, China 3941 4607 4355 3410 3775 4440 4063 5307 6784 7549 8241 7947 8145 8530 8290
7. Australia 1122 1217 1347 1693 2029 2426 2052 2108 2614 4153 4766 4553 5939 7345 5750
8. Korea, Rep. of 2015 2386 2521 1672 2487 3235 2963 3140 3039 4431 4737 5806 6703 7800 5789
9. India 821 1209 1186 1890 2038 1925 1577 1761 2534 3003 3955 5129 5884 7413 4918
10. Indonesia 970 1219 1225 1009 1231 1707 1563 1801 2129 3073 3322 4074 5171 6243 4907
Imports, total 77646 78474 79072 58356 65512 82214 73366 79522 82752 104317 113619 130487 146993 156932 123827
1. China, People's Rep. of 1709 1876 2232 1849 2139 3237 3804 6157 7300 10339 13177 15887 18908 20084 17391
2. Singapore 9613 10475 10434 7902 9166 11763 9293 9541 9811 11705 13425 15329 16870 17293 14074
3. Japan 21179 19241 17368 11470 13633 17331 14211 14168 14282 16773 16634 17338 19085 19592 15473
4. United States 12657 12133 13246 11444 11414 13668 11839 13099 12851 15263 14789 16424 15928 16969 13909
5. Thailand 2037 2594 3093 2259 2467 3176 2927 3158 3829 5789 6045 7167 7863 8802 7492
6. Indonesia 1213 1426 1464 1477 1757 2269 2241 2551 2939 4194 4375 4952 6233 7269 6559
7. Korea, Rep. of 3179 4070 4070 3359 3415 3663 2958 4231 4555 5228 5706 7068 7250 7292 5738
8. Germany 3432 3351 3438 2294 2028 2441 2743 2939 3891 4703 5088 5750 6813 6745 5242
9. Hong Kong, China 1675 1820 1923 1518 1645 2264 1892 2323 2258 2858 2852 3452 4273 4116 3078
10. Australia 2099 2210 1962 1278 1492 1593 1564 1425 1264 1788 2157 2426 2970 3527 2696
BALANCE OF PAYMENTSw,x million US Dollars; calendar year

Current account -8687 -4456 -5935 9529 | 12604 8487 7286 8025 13322 15079 20693 26179 29727 39454 31498
MALAYSIA
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Balance on goods 6 4018 3652 17637 | 22644 20827 18383 18978 25727 27572 34034 37428 37668 51579 40031
Exports, fob 71715 76875 77390 71774 | 84097 98430 87981 94343 104729 126817 142437 160848 176047 199315 157390
Imports, fob -71709 -72857 -73738 -54137 | -61452 -77602 -69598 -75365 -79002 -99244 -108402 -123420 -138379 -147736 -117359
Services and incomey -7686 -7303 -8103 -5667 | -8312 -10416 -8944 -8173 -9957 -8579 -8860 -6686 -3276 -6874 -2962
Credit 14288 17927 18316 13137 | 13923 15926 16302 17017 16582 21441 25059 30150 40806 42800 39259
Debit -21974 -25230 -26419 -18804 | -22235 -26341 -25246 -25190 -26539 -30020 -33919 -36835 -44083 -49674 -42221
Current transfersz -1007 -1171 -1484 -2442 | -1728 -1924 -2152 -2781 -2447 -3913 -4481 -4564 -4665 -5251 -5572
Official | Credit ... ... ... …| 801 756 537 661 508 422 300 313 392 425 1063
Private | Debit ... ... ... …| -2529 -2680 -2689 -3442 -2955 -4335 -4781 -4877 -5057 -5676 -6635
Capital account ... ... ... …| ... ... ... ... ... ... – -72 -54 178 -36
Financial account ... ... ... …| -6619 -6276 -3892 -3142 -3196 5091 -9768 -11772 -11332 -35752 -22806
Direct investmentaa 6642 5369 6788 2708 | 2473 1762 287 1299 1104 2563 990 39 -2719 -7805 -6348
Portfolio investment ... ... ... …| -1156 -2472 -649 -1712 1097 8683 -3727 3486 5348 -25586 167
Other investmentab 969 4147 -4590 -5258 | -7936 -5565 -3531 -2729 -5397 -6154 -7030 -15297 -13961 -2361 -16626
Net errors and omissions -638 -2569 -134 3290 | -1296 -3186 -2430 -1148 343 1863 -7347 -7476 -5165 -9359 -4721
Overall balance -1714 2491 -3872 10269 | 4689 -974 964 3734 10469 22034 3578 6858 13177 -5479 3934
Reserves and related items 1714 -2491 3872 -10269 | -4689 974 -964 -3734 -10469 -22034 -3578 -6858 -13177 5479 -3934

Exports 80.7 76.2 77.3 99.4 106.3 104.9 94.8 93.6 95.0 101.7 99.2 98.9 91.0 86.4 77.8
Imports -80.7 -72.2 -73.6 -75.0 -77.6 -82.7 -75.0 -74.7 -71.7 -79.6 -75.5 -75.9 -71.5 -64.0 -58.0
Balance on goods 0.0 4.0 3.6 24.4 28.6 22.2 19.8 18.8 23.3 22.1 23.7 23.0 19.5 22.3 19.8
Current account balance -9.8 -4.4 -5.9 13.2 15.9 9.0 7.9 8.0 12.1 12.1 14.4 16.1 15.4 17.1 15.6
Overall balance -1.9 2.5 -3.9 14.2 5.9 -1.0 1.0 3.7 9.5 17.7 2.5 4.2 6.8 -2.4 1.9
INTERNATIONAL RESERVES million US Dollars; as of end of period

Total 23899 27130 20899 25675 30645 28624 29817 33656 44116 66176 70153 82426 101313 91528 96713
Gold, national valuation 124 120 111 116 57 294 295 295 295 295 295 294 294 379 1281
Foreign exchange 22945 26156 20013 24728 29670 27432 28633 32419 42772 64906 69377 81724 100635 90605 92865
Reserve position in the Fund 678 688 600 626 835 792 764 790 871 776 285 195 155 317 442
SDRs 151 166 175 205 83 105 125 151 178 199 196 214 229 226 2124
EXCHANGE RATES Ringgit per US Dollar

End of period 2.54 2.53 3.89 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.78 3.53 3.31 3.46 3.42
Average of period 2.50 2.52 2.81 3.92 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.79 3.67 3.44 3.34 3.52
EXTERNAL INDEBTEDNESS million US Dollars; as of end of year

Total debt outstanding and disbursed 34343 39673 47228 42409 41976 41946 45158 48344 48633 52231 52054 55658 63091 67674 69784
Long-term debt 27069 28605 32289 33940 35774 37192 38232 39785 39802 40583 38679 43646 39771 44660 43979
Public and publicly guaranteed 16023 15702 16807 18155 18812 19125 24051 26297 25269 25430 22324 23022 19745 22742 22647
Private nonguaranteed 11046 12903 15482 15786 16961 18067 14181 13488 14532 15153 16356 20624 20026 21918 21332
Short-term debt 7274 11068 14939 8469 6012 4573 6752 8369 8625 11432 13176 11803 23100 22800 23695
Use of IMF credit – – – – 191 181 175 189 207 216 199 209 220 214 2110
MALAYSIA
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
External debt percent of GNI 40.6 41.3 49.8 62.1 57.1 48.7 52.5 51.3 46.6 44.1 39.5 36.6 34.5 31.4 37.0
Total long-term debt percent of total debt 78.8 72.1 68.4 80.0 85.2 88.7 84.7 82.3 81.8 77.7 74.3 78.4 63.0 66.0 63.0
Short-term debt percent of total debt 21.2 27.9 31.6 20.0 14.3 10.9 15.0 17.3 17.7 21.9 25.3 21.2 36.6 33.7 34.0
Debt service percent of exports of goods and services 7.0 8.9 7.4 7.2 5.0 5.6 6.0 7.2 7.9 6.2 5.6 4.0 4.8 3.7 6.1
Debt service million US Dollars; transactions during the year

Principal repayments on long-term debt 4450 6343 4276 3806 2971 4146 4091 5973 7409 7102 7192 5269 7819 6258 9793
Interest on long-term debt 1150 1432 1588 1612 1603 2021 1934 1719 1896 1769 1858 1867 2035 2112 1746
Interest on short-term debt 441 652 1245 656 319 266 195 235 275 306 325 480 594 476 581

Interest percent per annum 5.8 6.5 5.9 4.6 5.1 5.8 4.0 5.0 1.5 3.0 5.2 6.0 5.8 4.7 5.3
Maturity years 18.3 15.0 13.3 14.2 14.4 13.2 13.6 11.7 6.7 8.3 9.6 9.4 9.7 7.0 8.4
Grace period years 12.5 10.0 5.0 3.6 6.2 3.9 5.8 7.9 0.7 3.2 9.5 6.6 8.0 0.8 8.4
Grant element percent 27.6 18.9 21.9 30.1 28.9 21.6 33.4 24.9 23.6 26.3 28.3 21.8 24.2 11.6 25.5
… = Data not available at cutoff date, | = Marks break in the series, 0 or 0.0 = Magnitude is less than half of unit employed, – = Magnitude equals zero.
a Starting 2005, data are included in Services under Utilities.

b Refers to finance, insurance, real estate, and business services.
c Refers to community, social and personal services, producers of private nonprofit services, domestic services of households including owner occupied dwellings.
d Starting 2005, refers to the balance of primary income.
e Inclusive of valuables and statistical discrepancy.
f Estimated as the difference between GDP by industrial origin at current market prices and sum of private consumption expenditure and government consumption expenditure.
g Same as net current transfer data from the Balance of Payments.

h Data for 2012 are for January to November only.
i Beginning December 1996, data compilation was based on a new statistical reporting system. Effective 15 September 1998, following the fixing of the ringgit/US dollar exchange rate at RM3.80, all assets
and liabilities in foreign currencies have been revalued to ringgit at exchange rates prevailing on the reporting date and the exchange revaluation gain has been reflected in the Bank Negara Malaysia's
records. In April 2007, money supply (M3) was revised to include "other deposits" from December 1999 on.
j From December 1996 on, item refers to loans by commercial and Islamic banks and includes loans sold to Cagamas.
k Includes sinking fund revenues but excludes loan repayments by state governments and statutory authorities.
l Excludes intra-account transfers such as development funds.
m Refers to net development expenditure.
n Exclude nonbudgetary surplus/deficit.
o Includes use of IMF compensatory and buffer financing facilities.
p Includes proceeds from the sale of assets and grants from foreign governments and organizations.
q Includes changes in government trust fund balances. A minus sign indicates the accumulation of assets.
r Includes mainly welfare services, post and broadcasting, culture, youth, and sports.
u Includes mainly feasibility studies, research and development, and mineral resources.
v Includes mainly transfer payments, debt service charges, pensions, and gratuities.
w From 1999 on, data are compiled based on the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual 5.
x All conversions to US dollars from Malaysian ringgit were made at annual average exchange rates.
y For 1995–1998, refers to services. From 1999 on, item refers to services and income.
MALAYSIA
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
z Prior to 1999, refers to unrequited transfers. From 1999 onward, item refers to current transfers, net.
aa For 1995–1998, refers to net long-term capital, private and official. For 1999 on, item refers to direct investment.
ab For 1995–1998, refers to net private short-term capital only. From 1999 on, item refers to other investments.
Sources:
Population Department of Statistics (DOS). Official communication, 30 April 2013; past communication.
Labor Force DOS. Official communication, 30 April 2013; past communication.
National Accounts For 1995–2004: DOS. Official communication, 22 April 2012; past communication; other publications.
For 2005–2011: DOS. Annual Nationl Accounts Gross Domestic Product 2005–2011. May 2012.
For 2012: DOS, Official communication, 30 April 2013.
Production Indexes
Agriculture Food and Agriculture Organization. FAOSTAT. http://faostat.fao.org/site/612/default.aspx#ancor (downloaded April 2013).
Mining DOS. Official communication, 30 April 2013; past communication.

Manufacturing
Energy
Crude Petroleum Production, Exports, and Imports:
For 1995: United Nations. Energy Statistics Yearbook 1995.
For 1996–2012: DOS. Official communication, 30 April 2013; past communication; other publications.
Consumption:
United Nations. Energy Statistics Yearbook 2004; past issues.
Coal Production, Exports, and Imports:

For 1995: United Nations. Energy Statistics Yearbook 1995.
Consumption:
United Nations. Energy Statistics Yearbook 2004; past issues.
Electricity For 1995 United Nations. Energy Statistics Yearbook 1995.

Retail Prices For 1995–1996 and 2000–2012: DOS. Official communication, 30 April 2013; past communication; official website:
http://www.statistics.gov.my
For 1997–1999: Ministry of Finance. Official communication, 31 May 2000.
Price Indexes DOS. Official communication, 30 April 2013; past communication; other publications.
Money and Banking Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM). Official communication, 25 April 2013; past communication; other publications.
Government Finance BNM. Official communication, 25 April 2013; past communication; other publications.
MALAYSIA
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
External Trade DOS. Official communication, 30 April 2013; past communication; other publications.
Direction of Trade International Monetary Fund (IMF). Direction of Trade Statistics CD-ROM, May 2013.
Balance of Payments DOS. Official communication, 30 April 2013; past communication; other publications.
International Reserves IMF. International Financial Statistics CD-ROM, May 2013.

Exchange Rates
External Indebtedness World Bank. World Development Indicators and International Debt Statistics:
databank.worldbank.org/Data/Views/VariableSelection/SelectVariables.aspx?source=International%20Debt%20Statistics#
(downloaded May 2013).
2010 2011
28.59 28.96
87 88
1.8 1.3
71.0 71.7
12304 12676
11900 12284
1615 1410
2109 2222
57 76
8119 8576
404 391
3.3 3.1
8.7 3.0
63.7 64.4
79.3 79.7
46.8 47.9
795037 881080
82612 104581
86545 91786
195280 214626
18994 20144
25893 28306
128004 143593
51132 55085
101711 107042
59984 67808
37207 39398
… …
7672 8711
-26514 -21971
768523 859109
10.5 12.0
41.5 40.7
48.0 47.3
795037 881080
377631 418473
2010 2011
96947 114750
176903 195002
7133 12797
745310 806703
608887 666645
– –
47.5 47.5
12.2 13.0
23.1 23.6
93.7 91.6
76.6 75.7
– –
674947 709260
51263 54299
66122 62334
170258 178333
17386 17922
20428 21370
111755 119485
49123 52302
97803 103765
48758 54789
34391 36008
... ...
7660 8653
-26514 -21972
648433 687289
7.2 5.1
2.4 5.9
7.9 2.1
7.2 7.2
674946 709261
329433 352919
80936 93976
156346 166485
8161 3243
684795 713502
2010 2011
584726 620864
– –
6.6 7.1
2.9 16.1
23.8 3.2
11.3 4.2
15.6 6.2
184036 207799
272114 304906
320459 347857
-26514 -21971
-21831 -20979
40.3 39.5
34.2 34.6
23.1 23.6
27809 30424
26882 29665
112.1 120.4
93.9 87.1
112.1 117.2
30653 27364
16373 12682
9067 9687
... ...
2397 2916
206 678
19975 21990
... ...
2010 2011
116808 118642
253 10
– 476
101550 105057
2.16 2.72
1.83 1.90
100.0 103.2
100.0 104.8
100.0 102.5
117.3 127.8
117.8 124.2
1.7 3.2
2.5 4.8
5.6 9.0
4.1 5.5
224384 258956
47685 53489
176699 205468
835770 956648
1060154 1215604
1086094 1241675
386048 489420
1008620 1127854
49097 51900
959523 1075954
-308574 -375599
6.8 14.3
136.6 140.9
184638 213451
104943 115671
502599 560243
878443 998191
2010 2011
1.00 1.15
2.79 3.06
2.97 3.22
159653 185419
159653 185419
159653 185419
109515 134885
50138 50534
– –
… …
202928 227928
202928 227928
151633 182594
51296 45334
… …
8020 2825
-51296 -45334
-43275 -42509
36456 45069
3664 550
31 0
3125 -3110
20.1 21.0
13.8 15.3
25.5 25.9
-5.4 -4.8
204424 229010
17259 17565
22653 25509
49866 49476
16499 17135
9735 8326
2448 2388
2010 2011
40648 47711
6391 5919
13512 16231
5412 6138
13707 17703
1627 1720
45316 60900
638822 697862
528828 573626
109994 124236
15.6 9.2
21.7 8.5
198752 228294
26544 28841
24912 29954
20782 26591
18987 18898
10587 11711
10088 10229
7472 8398
7555 8589
6517 9214
5616 6812
164746 187649
20682 24747
18761 24121
20726 21382
17526 18145
10263 11286
9151 11486
8933 7616
6648 7185
3945 4446
3184 4188
27307 31734
2010 2011
41769 48389
198432 227651
-156663 -179262
-7694 -9799
44509 53117
-52203 -62916
-6768 -6856
575 1521
-7343 -8377
-51 -63
-6147 7273
-4220 -3291
14806 8406
-16733 2158
-21923 -8002
-815 30942
815 -30942
80.4 79.1
-63.5 -62.3
16.9 16.8
11.1 11.0
-0.3 10.7
106525 133618
1641 1838
102325 128964
471 843
2088 1973
3.08 3.18
3.22 3.06
85126 94468
47977 48697
27351 27156
20626 21541
35076 43704
2073 2067
2010 2011
37.1 34.8
56.4 51.5
41.2 46.3
5.5 3.9
11349 8966
1708 1562
297 327
3.3 4.4
4.7 7.6
2.6 7.1
19.1 24.3
MALAYSIA
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
POPULATION
Total population million; as of 1 July 18.10 18.55 19.04 19.56 20.11 20.68 21.17 21.77 22.33 22.91 23.49 24.01 24.53 25.05 25.58 26.13 26.64 27.17 27.73
Population density persons per square kilometer 55 56 58 59 61 63 64 66 68 69 71 73 74 76 78 79 81 82 84
Population annual change, percent 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.4 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0
Urban population percent of total population … 51.1 52.0 52.9 53.8 54.7 55.6 58.3 59.6 60.8 62.0 62.2 62.4 62.6 62.8 63.0 63.2 63.4 63.5
LABOR FORCE thousand; calendar year 7042 7204 7370 7627 7834 7893 8616 8784 8884 9152 9556 9699 9887 10240 10346 10413 10629 10890 11028
Employed 6686 6891 7096 7396 7603 7645 8399 8569 8600 8838 9269 9357 9543 9870 9980 10045 10275 10538 10660
Agriculture 1738 1680 1585 1577 1477 1527 1626 1481 1616 1628 1552 1416 1424 1408 1453 1470 1504 1558 1488
Manufacturing 1333 1470 1639 1742 1892 1780 1912 2002 1908 1991 2174 2184 2069 2131 2023 1989 2083 1977 1945
Mining 37 36 36 37 38 32 35 38 28 38 28 27 28 30 35 36 42 39 55
Others 3578 3705 3836 4040 4196 4306 4826 5048 5048 5181 5515 5730 6022 6301 6469 6550 6647 6963 7173
Unemployed 356 313 274 231 231 248 217 215 284 314 287 342 344 370 367 368 354 351 369
Unemployment rate percent 5.1 4.3 3.7 3.0 2.9 3.1 2.5 2.4 3.2 3.4 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.3
Labor force annual change, percent 2.8 2.3 2.3 3.5 2.7 0.8 9.2 1.9 1.1 3.0 4.4 1.5 1.9 3.6 1.0 0.6 2.1 2.5 1.3
Labor force participation rate percent 66.5 … 65.9 66.5 … 64.7 66.3 65.6 64.3 64.2 65.4 64.9 64.4 65.2 64.4 63.3 63.1 63.2 62.6
Male 85.3 … 84.9 86.0 … 84.3 84.9 84.3 83.1 82.8 83.3 82.3 81.5 82.1 80.9 80.0 79.9 79.5 79.0
Female 47.8 … 46.9 46.5 … 44.7 46.8 46.0 44.4 44.6 47.2 46.8 46.7 47.7 47.2 45.9 45.8 46.4 45.7
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS million Ringgit; calendar year

At Current Prices
GDP by industrial origin at current market prices 119082 135123 150682 172194 195461 222473 253733 281795 283243 300764 356401 352579 383213 418769 474048 522445 574441 639776 738677
Agriculture 18120 19398 21958 23741 26702 28809 29637 31283 37706 32610 30647 28245 34432 38971 43949 43854 50436 65032 75657
Mining 14111 13725 12399 11037 10426 13864 16598 19432 19055 23081 37617 33945 34169 41918 56881 75062 85566 92402 127210
Manufacturing 28847 34524 38910 44643 52072 58684 70646 79974 81525 93045 109998 103434 112076 125332 144007 154657 168736 178705 194103
Electricity, gas, and water 2643 2708 3295 4289 4858 5813 6560 7726 9188 9619 10629 11281 11970 12607 13711 14327 15160 16014 16911
Construction 4649 5939 7396 9054 10909 13747 16641 18474 14507 13987 13971 14241 14673 15200 15458 15680 15976 17645 19581
Trade 16171 19404 22238 25924 30186 34132 37794 41529 43169 44378 47934 49201 51327 53062 59401 66535 72724 83329 97607
Transport and communications 7026 8505 9215 10798 12902 14964 16761 18762 19433 20290 24898 26488 28197 30172 33319 35978 38882 42589 45778
Finance a 10707 12243 15018 21001 22946 25758 32716 38210 37774 38326 48287 50986 55829 57914 60531 65328 72330 81894 87319
Public administration 11149 11653 12366 13465 14662 16780 17216 18704 18335 20184 22576 24104 27450 29569 31827 34426 38093 44231 53987
Others b 7572 8757 9971 11408 13016 14891 17052 18743 19996 20836 21324 22594 23810 24891 26099 27542 28978 30819 33038
Less: Imputed bank service charges 6220 6884 7707 9253 10618 12529 16057 19858 22760 22052 17308 17594 17324 17374 17531 17314 18099 18853 19949
Plus: Taxes on imports 4305 5151 5625 6086 7400 7559 8169 8815 5316 6459 5826 5653 6605 6507 6396 6372 5659 5969 7436
Net factor income from abroad -5064 -6800 -8006 -8265 -9412 -10377 -11801 -15095 -15321 -20886 -28909 -25623 -25061 -22537 -24402 -23961 -17356 -13758 -24856
GNI at current market prices 114016 128323 142678 163928 186049 212095 241932 266699 267923 279877 327492 326956 358152 396232 449646 498485 557085 626018 713821
Structure of Output percent of GDP at current producers' prices

Agriculture 15.0 14.2 14.4 13.5 13.4 12.7 11.3 10.7 12.5 10.3 8.3 7.7 8.7 9.1 9.1 8.2 8.6 10.0 10.1
Industry 41.5 41.6 40.6 39.4 39.4 40.5 42.2 42.9 41.3 44.2 46.8 44.7 43.9 45.4 47.4 48.7 48.6 46.7 47.6
Services 43.5 44.3 45.0 47.1 47.2 46.8 46.5 46.4 46.1 45.5 44.9 47.6 47.4 45.5 43.5 43.1 42.8 43.3 42.3
Expenditure on GDP at current market prices 119082 135123 150682 172194 195461 222473 253733 281795 283243 300764 356401 352579 383213 418769 474048 522445 574441 639776 738677
Private consumption 61687 70501 75749 83144 94088 106613 116794 127783 117718 125056 155941 162618 172485 186674 208571 234234 258280 292724 334147
Government consumption 16426 18504 19604 21750 23973 27527 28178 30341 27670 33044 36229 42448 49656 54306 59635 64516 68609 78297 92531
Gross fixed capital formation 39348 49126 55191 66937 78664 96967 107825 121494 75982 65841 90141 88580 89995 93864 99336 107185 119213 138703 145041
Increase in stocks -813 1938 -1906 535 1870 120 -2579 -398 -427 1476 5615 -2557 4955 1462 9930 -2770 -1722 5 -3757
Exports of goods and services 88675 105161 114494 135896 174255 209323 232358 262885 327836 364861 427003 389256 415040 447846 546925 613694 669505 707156 765370
Less: Imports of goods and services 86241 110107 112450 136068 177389 218077 228843 260310 265536 289514 358529 327765 348919 365383 450350 494414 539443 577110 594655
Statistical discrepancy – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Private consumption 51.8 52.2 50.3 48.3 48.1 47.9 46.0 45.3 41.6 41.6 43.8 46.1 45.0 44.6 44.0 44.8 45.0 45.8 45.2
Government consumption 13.8 13.7 13.0 12.6 12.3 12.4 11.1 10.8 9.8 11.0 10.2 12.0 13.0 13.0 12.6 12.3 11.9 12.2 12.5
Gross domestic capital formation 32.4 37.8 35.4 39.2 41.2 43.6 41.5 43.0 26.7 22.4 26.9 24.4 24.8 22.8 23.0 20.0 20.5 21.7 19.1
Exports of goods and services 74.5 77.8 76.0 78.9 89.2 94.1 91.6 93.3 115.7 121.3 119.8 110.4 108.3 106.9 115.4 117.5 116.5 110.5 103.6
Imports of goods and services 72.4 81.5 74.6 79.0 90.8 98.0 90.2 92.4 93.7 96.3 100.6 93.0 91.1 87.3 95.0 94.6 93.9 90.2 80.5
Statistical discrepancy – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
At Constant Prices
GDP by industrial origin at 1987 | 2000 market prices 105976 116094 126408 138917 151713 166626 183292 196714 182237 193422 | 356401 358246 377559 399414 426508 449250 475526 504920 528311
Agriculture 17308 17292 18478 17898 17559 17114 17890 18010 17512 17596 | 30647 30594 31471 33369 34929 35835 37701 38225 39769
Mining 9968 10432 10910 10475 11099 13643 14040 14305 14357 15344 | 37617 36980 38610 40959 42627 42472 42030 42881 42550
Manufacturing 26060 29708 31788 36423 40566 45174 53387 58788 50899 56840 | 109998 105301 109640 119687 131127 137940 147154 151789 153744
Electricity, gas, and water 2833 2838 3370 4335 4940 5876 6441 6070 6745 7078 | 10629 11062 11759 12282 13100 13851 14523 15106 15431
Construction 3750 4333 4799 5317 6122 7411 8610 9522 7241 6926 | 13971 14427 14762 15031 14903 14685 14639 15332 15657
Trade 14019 16277 18282 20267 22702 25304 27297 29484 28489 29383 | 47934 48974 50986 51965 56441 61346 65493 73390 80263
Transport and communications 7124 7777 8239 9240 10967 12298 13208 14764 14720 15354 | 24898 26409 27442 28620 30973 32870 35185 38137 40687
Finance a 8694 10033 12067 15118 15756 17287 20220 24044 23583 24976 | 48287 50570 55392 58011 60775 65541 71253 80671 85192
Public administration 9318 9738 10304 11043 11639 11803 12004 13041 13180 14055 | 22576 23583 24816 26693 28243 30371 33412 35004 38875
Others b 7631 8596 9389 10335 11429 12780 13792 14760 15036 15447 | 21324 22223 23105 23996 24996 26064 27234 28593 30090
Less: Imputed bank service charges 4681 5551 6316 6980 7727 8888 10954 13759 13956 14896 | 17308 17505 17018 17654 17705 17742 18385 19730 20786
Plus: Taxes on imports 3954 4620 5097 5444 6661 6823 7356 7684 4430 5319 | 5826 5629 6594 6453 6099 6017 5287 5521 6839
Net factor income from abroad -4320 -5650 -8184 -8799 -9824 -11422 -13188 -14416 -9451 -13628 | -28909 -26506 -25888 -22605 -23670 -24956 -20567 -23114 -37556
GNI at 1987 | 2000 market prices 101658 110443 118223 130116 141889 155203 170103 182297 172785 179794 | 327492 331740 351671 376809 402838 424295 454958 481805 490755

GDP 9.0 9.5 8.9 9.9 9.2 9.8 10.0 7.3 -7.4 6.1 8.9 0.5 5.4 5.8 6.8 5.3 5.8 6.2 4.6
Agriculture -0.6 -0.1 6.9 -3.1 -1.9 -2.5 4.5 0.7 -2.8 0.5 6.1 -0.2 2.9 6.0 4.7 2.6 5.2 1.4 4.0
Industry 11.0 11.0 7.5 11.2 10.9 14.9 14.4 7.5 -10.6 8.8 13.6 -2.6 4.2 7.5 7.3 3.6 4.5 3.1 1.0
Services 11.3 12.0 11.2 13.2 9.8 9.6 8.9 11.1 -1.1 4.4 6.0 4.1 5.8 4.2 6.4 7.3 7.6 10.0 7.5
Expenditure on GDP at 1987 | 2000 market prices 105976 116094 126408 138917 151713 166626 183292 196714 182237 193422 | 356401 358246 377559 399414 426508 449250 475526 504920 528311
Private consumption 55354 60361 63170 67120 73422 81981 87609 91385 82031 84377 | 155941 160662 166883 180423 198193 216247 230948 255014 276589
Government consumption 14219 15889 16673 18078 19500 20682 20833 22017 20059 23485 | 36229 41918 46902 50939 54832 58395 61332 65299 72406
Gross fixed capital formation 35886 43912 48738 57413 66668 81895 88624 96744 55177 51568 | 90141 88282 88792 91317 94562 99266 106750 116964 117868
Increase in stocks -697 1657 -1612 446 1486 90 -1900 -276 -233 1254 | 5615 -1450 4907 966 4052 -3080 257 -4075 -7726
Exports of goods and services 76758 88863 100056 111605 136054 161856 176792 186499 187415 212085 | 427003 397838 419430 440963 511774 554261 590784 617279 625365
Less: Imports of goods and services 75544 94588 100617 115745 145417 179878 188666 199655 162212 179347 | 358529 329004 349356 365195 436906 475838 514544 545562 556191
Statistical discrepancy – – – – – – – – – –| – – – – – – – – –

Private consumption 11.9 9.0 4.7 6.3 9.4 11.7 6.9 4.3 -10.2 2.9 13.0 3.0 3.9 8.1 9.8 9.1 6.8 10.4 8.5
Government consumption 5.9 11.7 4.9 8.4 7.9 6.1 0.7 5.7 -8.9 17.1 1.6 15.7 11.9 8.6 7.6 6.5 5.0 6.5 10.9
Gross domestic capital formation 21.4 29.5 3.4 22.8 17.8 20.3 5.8 11.2 -43.0 -3.9 29.2 -9.3 7.9 -1.5 6.9 -2.5 11.3 5.5 -2.4
Exports of goods and services 17.8 15.8 12.6 11.5 21.9 19.0 9.2 5.5 0.5 13.2 16.1 -6.8 5.4 5.1 16.1 8.3 6.6 4.5 1.3
Imports of goods and services 26.3 25.2 6.4 15.0 25.6 23.7 4.9 5.8 -18.8 10.6 24.4 -8.2 6.2 4.5 19.6 8.9 8.1 6.0 1.9
Investment Financing at current prices

Gross domestic capital formation 38535 51064 53285 67472 80534 97087 105246 121096 75555 67317 95756 86023 94950 95326 109266 104415 117491 138708 141284
Gross national saving 36051 39420 … … … … … … … 115211 128009 113712 125445 145952 166569 182764 213344 239254 270094
Gross domestic saving 40969 46118 55329 67300 77400 88333 108761 123671 137855 142664 164231 147513 161072 177789 205842 223695 247552 268755 311999
Net factor income from abroad -5064 -6800 -8006 -8265 -9412 -10377 -11801 -15095 -15321 -20886 -28909 -25623 -25061 -22537 -24402 -23961 -17356 -13758 -24856
Net current transfers from abroad c 146 102 … … … … … … … -6567 -7313 -8178 -10566 -9300 -14871 -16970 -16852 -15743 -17049

Gross domestic saving 34.4 34.1 36.7 39.1 39.6 39.7 42.9 43.9 48.7 47.4 46.1 41.8 42.0 42.5 43.4 42.8 43.1 42.0 42.2
Gross national saving 30.3 29.2 … … … … … … … 38.3 35.9 32.3 32.7 34.9 35.1 35.0 37.1 37.4 36.6
Gross domestic capital formation 32.4 37.8 35.4 39.2 41.2 43.6 41.5 43.0 26.7 22.4 26.9 24.4 24.8 22.8 23.0 20.0 20.5 21.7 19.1
At Current Market Prices Ringgit

Per capita GDP 6579 7284 7914 8803 9720 10758 11985 12944 12684 13128 15172 14685 15622 16717 18532 19994 21563 23547 26638
Per capita GNI 6299 6918 7494 8381 9252 10256 11428 12251 11998 12216 13942 13617 14601 15818 17578 19077 20912 23041 25742

Agriculture 1999–2001 = 100 73.0 75.0 77.0 84.0 84.0 86.0 89.0 91.0 87.0 96.0 99.0 104.0 106.0 113.0 119.0 126.0 132.0 131.0 …
Mining 2005 = 100 66.6 70.0 71.9 72.8 75.3 82.1 86.9 89.0 89.9 87.1 86.9 89.5 91.1 96.0 101.7 100.0 96.2 98.3 98.2
Manufacturing 2005 = 100 26.0 29.6 32.7 36.9 42.4 48.4 54.3 61.1 54.8 61.9 77.3 72.3 76.1 84.4 95.1 100.0 108.9 111.4 112.1

Production d 29556 30765 31631 31586 32155 33327 33736 36512 37116 35296 34619 31702 37319 42324 50640 49331 47340 47461 44472
Exports 22110 22595 22916 21339 19339 19164 17494 15872 18071 17725 16672 15118 16192 17913 18686 18390 16866 16959 16228
Imports 1004 1084 1136 1670 1535 1270 1397 1256 1929 3247 6963 8559 6845 7991 7888 9121 10277 10529 9229
Consumption 8653 9436 10029 11776 14126 15183 17290 18263 17557 … … 24806 23628 27364 26274 … … … …
Coal thousand metric tons

Production 105 180 80 397 134 112 74 105 350 309 383 498 353 175 389 789 921 1053 ...
Exports 42 97 90 105 60 77 2 2 0 4 5 9 6 403 20 62 94 93 77
Imports 2060 2009 2121 1625 1907 2003 2720 2523 2299 2641 2677 3706 5331 6347 8642 10144 10880 10541 7301
Consumption 1956 2185 2275 1917 2226 2254 2768 2591 2633 … … 4156 5251 4623 13275 ... ... ... ...

Production 25263 28335 31887 35579 40058 46632 52819 58674 60471 62546 66678 72280 75328 84022 90661 96214 100831 104950 106365
Exports 162 151 175 104 151 25 14 37 5 11 0 2 – – – – – – ...
Imports 104 128 159 128 197 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – ...
Consumption 25263 28335 31871 35603 40104 46609 45177 51204 52525 55961 62350 64954 68802 73483 78804 83219 86602 91614 95172
Retail prices Ringgit/liter

Gasoline, premium 1.08 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.19 1.28 1.32 1.35 1.50 1.83 1.88 2.12
Diesel e 0.59 0.66 0.66 0.65 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.67 0.72 0.73 0.77 0.80 1.10 1.53 1.58 2.00

Consumer 2000 | 2005 = 100 70.6 73.7 77.1 79.9 82.4 85.7 88.6 91.1 95.8 98.5 100.0 101.4 103.2 104.4 105.9 | 100.0 103.6 105.7 111.4
Food 62.0 65.0 69.2 70.8 74.6 78.2 82.7 86.1 93.8 98.1 100.0 100.7 101.4 102.7 105.0 | 100.0 103.4 106.5 115.9
Nonfood 75.0 78.1 81.2 84.5 87.2 89.5 91.6 93.6 96.8 98.7 100.0 101.8 104.1 105.3 106.3 | 100.0 103.7 105.3 109.3
Producer 1989 | 2000 = 100 100.7 100.7 104.9 105.4 110.7 115.9 119.2 122.2 135.9 130.6 | 100.0 100.2 99.5 104.2 110.7 117.2 123.2 131.4 142.2
Implicit GDP deflator 1987 | 2000 = 100 112.4 116.4 119.2 124.0 128.8 133.5 138.4 143.3 155.4 155.5 | 100.0 98.4 101.5 104.8 111.1 116.3 120.8 126.7 139.8

Consumer price index 3.1 4.4 4.6 3.6 3.1 4.0 3.4 2.8 5.2 2.8 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.2 1.4 3.1 3.6 2.0 5.4
Food price index 4.2 4.8 6.5 2.3 5.4 4.8 5.8 4.1 8.9 4.6 1.9 0.7 0.7 1.3 2.2 3.6 3.4 3.0 8.8
Producer price index 0.7 – 4.2 0.5 5.0 4.7 2.8 2.5 11.2 -3.9 3.6 0.2 -0.7 4.7 6.2 5.9 5.1 6.7 8.2
Implicit GDP deflator 3.8 3.6 2.4 4.0 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.5 8.5 0.0 4.9 -1.6 3.1 3.3 6.0 4.6 3.9 4.9 10.3
MONEY AND BANKING f million Ringgit; as of end of period

Money supply (M1) 24241 26903 30395 41792 46471 51924 60585 63365 54135 73628 78516 81016 89512 102441 114550 124338 141367 169007 182996
Currency in circulation 10059 11045 12142 13534 15922 17479 19031 21434 18246 24780 22264 22148 23897 26101 28617 30178 33519 36247 40435
Demand deposits (excluding government deposits) 14181 15859 18253 28259 30549 34445 41554 41931 35889 48848 56252 58869 65615 76339 85933 94160 107848 132760 142561
Quasi-money 59662 69190 84086 98008 113895 146949 177623 228852 242337 265089 278051 283707 297000 326996 423085 497009 586317 627868 720382
Money supply (M2) 83903 96093 114481 139800 160366 198873 238209 292217 296472 338718 356567 364723 386512 429436 537636 621346 727684 796876 903378
Money supply (M3) 115311 133048 163527 206968 236712 271949 329708 390809 401459 436170 458363 471731 504150 553058 621226 672835 760302 832738 931780
Foreign assets (net) 26671 25291 33880 55710 62008 58752 60273 43484 94640 124686 122213 125751 134019 167417 258043 259875 312620 384512 331998
Domestic credit 131281 156733 175027 203199 232547 278467 361639 458198 449795 445843 476283 495128 533990 578231 592156 631453 674484 727250 855686
Claims on government sector (net) 6859 5149 2839 3420 -2525 -6376 -9235 -8725 -21016 -16813 -11826 -12833 -1068 11886 -4713 -9917 -1600 -2241 31220
Claims on private sector 124423 151584 172189 199778 235072 284844 370874 466924 470810 462656 488109 507960 535058 566345 596869 641370 676084 729490 824466
Other items -42641 -48976 -45380 -51941 -57843 -65270 -92204 -110873 -142975 -134360 -140133 -149148 -163860 -192590 -228973 -218493 -226802 -279024 -255904
Money supply (M2) annual change, percent 12.8 14.5 19.1 22.1 14.7 24.0 19.8 22.7 1.5 14.2 5.3 2.3 6.0 11.1 25.2 15.6 17.1 9.5 13.4
M2 percent of GDP at current market prices 70.5 71.1 76.0 81.2 82.0 89.4 93.9 103.7 104.7 112.6 100.0 103.4 100.9 102.5 113.4 118.9 126.7 124.6 122.3
Deposit Money Banks

Demand deposits 15025 16651 19068 29280 31777 36301 42857 43846 36794 48413 54627 56201 60222 70033 78059 84480 94396 115995 123198
Savings deposits 13428 13102 14584 18199 21680 23483 28155 25854 26800 32984 37702 41166 45109 49085 57242 60793 64634 70873 76473
Time deposits 33806 46491 59004 71605 77755 102210 128340 165131 175663 199717 201391 191170 194813 210543 257959 287024 330349 331644 357722
Loans and advances g 80758 97206 105729 117236 134151 175007 230603 293044 302694 295332 314798 325072 338242 355839 448354 526772 585506 636363 721799

On deposits h
Savings deposits 3.43 3.34 3.32 3.99 3.54 3.70 4.10 4.23 3.87 2.76 2.72 2.28 2.12 1.86 1.58 1.41 1.48 1.44 1.40
Time: 6 months 7.00 8.05 7.84 6.31 5.67 6.73 7.23 9.21 5.76 3.47 3.50 3.22 3.21 3.01 3.00 3.04 3.34 3.29 3.11
12 months 7.21 8.19 7.84 6.29 6.15 6.89 7.26 9.33 5.74 3.95 4.24 4.00 4.00 3.70 3.70 3.70 3.73 3.70 3.50
GOVERNMENT FINANCE i million Ringgit; fiscal year ending 31 December

Central Government
Total revenue and grants 29521 34053 39250 41691 49446 50954 58280 65736 56710 58675 61864 79567 83515 92608 99397 106304 123546 139885 159793
Total revenue 29521 34053 39250 41691 49446 50954 58280 65736 56710 58675 61864 79567 83515 92608 99397 106304 123546 139885 159793
Current revenue j 29521 34053 39250 41691 49446 50954 58280 65736 56710 58675 61865 79567 83515 92608 99397 106304 123546 139885 159793
Taxes 21244 25830 28772 31900 37487 41671 47272 53627 45336 45346 47173 61492 66860 64891 72050 80594 86630 95168 112897
Nontaxes 8277 8223 10478 9791 11959 9283 11008 12109 11374 13329 14692 18075 16655 27717 27347 25710 36916 44717 46896
Capital receipts – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Grants … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Total expenditure and net lending 32958 36693 40493 41337 45038 49093 56465 59110 61713 68161 81579 97989 103768 113536 118816 125028 142655 160544 195388
Total expenditure 32958 36693 40493 41337 45038 49093 56465 59110 61713 68161 81579 97989 103768 113536 118816 125028 142655 160544 195388
Current expenditure k 25026 28296 32075 32217 35064 36573 43865 44665 44585 46699 56547 63757 68699 75224 91298 97744 107694 123084 153499
Capital expenditure l 7932 8397 8418 9120 9974 12520 12600 14445 17128 21462 25032 34232 35069 38312 27518 27284 34961 37460 41889
Net lending … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Current surplus/deficit 4495 5757 7175 9474 14382 14381 14415 21071 12126 11976 5317 15810 14816 17384 8099 8560 15852 16801 6295
Capital account surplus/deficit -7932 -8397 -8418 -9120 -9974 -12520 -12600 -14445 -17128 -21463 -25032 -34232 -35069 -38312 -27518 -27284 -34961 -37460 -41889
Overall budgetary surplus/deficit m -3437 -2640 -1243 354 4408 1861 1815 6626 -5002 -9487 -19715 -18422 -20253 -20928 -19419 -18724 -19109 -20659 -35594
Financing
Domestic borrowing (net) 3793 3157 1479 375 1751 – 1291 -2048 11040 5423 12714 13381 6076 23250 25650 12700 17750 25800 35654
Foreign borrowing (net) n -767 118 -3170 -3134 -4757 -1635 -2177 -1681 1819 2923 864 6295 8020 -3664 121 -3503 -3054 -4314 -474
Special receipts o 52 282 201 127 519 166 475 91 1 238 13 6 61 – 516 454 26 16 18
Use of cash balances p 359 -917 2733 2278 -1921 -392 -1404 -2988 -7858 902 6123 -1259 6096 1342 -6868 9073 4387 -843 397

Total revenue 24.8 25.2 26.0 24.2 25.3 22.9 23.0 23.3 20.0 19.5 17.4 22.6 21.8 22.1 21.0 20.3 21.5 21.9 21.6
Total expenditure 27.7 27.2 26.9 24.0 23.0 22.1 22.3 21.0 21.8 22.7 22.9 27.8 27.1 27.1 25.1 23.9 24.8 25.1 26.5
Overall budgetary surplus/deficit -2.9 -2.0 -0.8 0.2 2.3 0.8 0.7 2.4 -1.8 -3.2 -5.5 -5.2 -5.3 -5.0 -4.1 -3.6 -3.3 -3.2 -4.8
Expenditure by Function, Central Government q

Total 35715 37861 41763 42341 46341 50624 58493 60415 62687 69313 84488 98992 104676 114577 120162 128278 143502 180477 202673
General public services 2618 3249 3886 4147 4205 6426 5700 6943 7503 9077 11295 12474 9442 10277 15288 11190 12402 13386 14448
Defense 4868 6281 6969 7388 7858 8892 9060 8921 7276 9230 9291 11597 13363 16436 16323 17888 19365 21836 24289
Education 6596 7067 8059 8478 10108 10603 12489 12881 13443 15323 20022 24785 29418 29226 25833 26794 30938 36714 44420
Health 1777 2035 2414 2407 2529 2772 3474 3727 4047 4461 5403 6250 6654 8976 9361 8723 9991 11268 13246
Social security and welfare r 1435 1198 1613 1497 1702 1796 2143 2506 2237 2596 3149 4440 4826 6107 4968 4843 5560 6980 7873
Housing and community amenities s 105 127 175 219 487 483 702 856 1118 1168 1286 1666 1944 2105 2485 1335 1658 3878 2760
Economic services 8994 7164 8002 7777 8949 9309 11978 11626 13329 13182 18277 17874 18447 20260 18752 23721 30945 30056 35178
Agriculture t 2342 2345 2389 2442 2536 2495 2618 2405 2081 2310 2506 2760 2809 3378 4528 4279 7366 6019 9211
Industry u 3320 1445 1184 1156 1342 1842 2680 2562 4506 4394 7428 6700 5311 5458 3466 6980 7897 7425 8204
Electricity, gas, and water 840 730 860 646 1277 707 955 1601 2365 1941 1621 1131 2267 977 1056 1547 2726 2593 2887
Transport and communications 2456 2625 3517 3464 3730 4191 5655 4992 4142 4369 6411 7105 7788 10235 9443 10908 12937 13530 14582
Other economic services v 36 19 52 69 64 74 70 66 235 168 311 178 272 212 260 8 19 489 295
Others w 9322 10740 10645 10428 10503 10343 12947 12955 13734 14276 15765 19906 20582 21190 27151 33785 32644 56358 60459
EXTERNAL TRADE million Ringgit; calendar year

Exports, fob 79646 94497 103657 121237 153921 184986 197026 220890 286563 321560 373270 334284 357430 397884 481253 533788 588965 605153 663494
Imports, cif 79119 100831 101440 117405 155921 194344 197280 220935 228124 248477 311459 280229 303090 316538 399632 434010 480773 504814 521611
Trade balance 528 -6334 2216 3833 -2000 -9358 -254 -45 58439 73083 61811 54055 54340 81346 81621 99778 108193 100339 141883

Exports 17.4 18.6 9.7 17.0 27.0 20.2 6.5 12.1 29.7 12.2 16.1 -10.4 6.9 11.3 21.0 10.9 10.3 2.7 9.6
Imports 30.0 27.4 0.6 15.7 32.8 24.6 1.5 12.0 3.3 8.9 25.3 -10.0 8.2 4.4 26.3 8.6 10.8 5.0 3.3
Direction of Trade million US Dollars; calendar year

Exports, total 29422 34406 40711 47132 58752 73728 78222 78909 73471 84552 98155 88204 93389 104971 126513 140980 160666 176213 217864
1. United States 4986 5808 7594 9580 12448 15313 14251 14553 15885 18533 20162 17816 18826 20540 23749 27764 30191 27531 28321
2. Singapore 6753 8020 9391 10228 12167 14960 16018 15869 12444 13974 18050 14913 15959 16523 18994 22010 24744 25772 35447
3. Japan 4506 5458 5401 6113 7010 9199 10498 9983 7716 9839 12780 11770 10530 11222 12777 13181 14241 16091 21076
4. China, People's Republic of 619 639 772 1204 1933 1889 1882 1852 1994 2318 3028 3821 5253 6810 8460 9303 11646 15452 27448
5. Hong Kong, China 934 1152 1549 1942 2715 3941 4607 4355 3410 3775 4440 4063 5307 6784 7549 8241 7947 8145 8127
6. Thailand 1033 1098 1490 1695 2218 2868 3207 2869 2317 2758 3550 3360 3972 4615 6040 7585 8502 8730 9050
7. Netherlands 775 828 991 1147 1352 1781 2325 3086 3443 4272 4108 4060 3459 3431 4147 4609 5849 6878 8059
8. Korea, Republic of 1360 1514 1389 1614 1646 2015 2386 2521 1672 2487 3235 2963 3140 3039 4431 4737 5806 6703 7611
9. Australia 494 587 681 629 925 1122 1217 1347 1693 2029 2426 2052 2108 2614 4153 4766 4553 5939 7800
10. India 478 319 430 214 527 821 1209 1186 1890 2038 1925 1577 1761 2534 3003 3955 5129 5884 6741
Imports, total 29176 36758 39942 45640 59569 77646 78474 79072 58356 65512 82214 73366 79522 82752 104317 113619 130487 146992 185129
1. Singapore 4308 5700 6269 6955 8386 9613 10475 10434 7902 9166 11763 9293 9541 9811 11705 13425 15329 16870 40477
2. Japan 7055 9582 10379 12533 15907 21179 19241 17368 11470 13633 17331 14211 14168 14282 16773 16634 17338 19085 18264
3. China, People's Republic of 561 802 975 1096 1363 1709 1876 2232 1849 2139 3237 3804 6157 7300 10339 13177 15887 18908 23618
4. United States 4944 5626 6331 7725 9900 12657 12133 13246 11444 11414 13668 11839 13099 12851 15263 14789 16424 15928 14543
5. Thailand 702 892 994 1134 1474 2037 2594 3093 2259 2467 3176 2927 3158 3829 5789 6045 7167 7863 10577
6. Korea, Republic of 742 1072 1213 1391 1898 3179 4070 4070 3359 3415 3663 2958 4231 4555 5228 5706 7068 7250 7925
7. Germany 1267 1593 1684 1743 2496 3432 3351 3438 2294 2028 2441 2743 2939 3891 4703 5088 5750 6813 6365
8. Indonesia 316 506 636 718 942 1213 1426 1464 1477 1757 2269 2241 2551 2939 4194 4375 4952 6233 8265
9. Hong Kong, China 558 749 905 921 1189 1675 1820 1923 1518 1645 2264 1892 2323 2258 2858 2852 3452 4273 4271
10. Philippines 156 165 240 219 322 461 800 908 1383 1635 1991 1839 2596 3115 2819 3219 2901 2850 3291
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS x million US Dollars; calendar year

Current account -919 -4234 -2179 -3087 -5640 -8687 -4456 -5935 9529 | 12604 8487 7286 8025 13322 15079 20693 25491 29210 38952
Balance on goods 2622 527 3410 3191 1717 6 4018 3652 17637 | 22644 20827 18383 18978 25727 27572 34034 36682 37140 50997
Exports, fob 28636 33533 39679 46023 56761 71715 76875 77390 71774 | 84097 98430 87981 94343 104729 126817 142437 160773 176263 199105
Imports, fob -26014 -33006 -36269 -42832 -55044 -71709 -72857 -73738 -54137 | -61452 -77602 -69598 -75365 -79002 -99244 -108402 -124090 -139122 -148109
Services and income y -3595 -4798 -5722 -6477 -6503 -7686 -7303 -8103 -5667 | -8312 -10416 -8944 -8173 -9957 -8579 -8860 -6598 -3351 -6934
Credit 5877 5978 6814 8670 11951 14288 17927 18316 13137 | 13923 15926 16302 17017 16582 21441 25059 30298 40750 42361
Debit -9472 -10776 -12536 -15147 -18454 -21974 -25230 -26419 -18804 | -22235 -26341 -25246 -25190 -26539 -30020 -33919 -36895 -44101 -49295
Current transfers z 54 37 133 199 -854 -1007 -1171 -1484 -2442 | -1728 -1924 -2152 -2781 -2447 -3913 -4481 -4594 -4580 -5111
Official | Credit 51 8 … … … … … … …| 801 756 537 661 508 422 300 313 420 427
Private | Debit 3 29 … … … … … … …| -2529 -2680 -2689 -3442 -2955 -4335 -4781 -4907 -5000 -5538
Capital account … … … … … … … … …| … … … … … … … … -28 175
Financial account 1785 5623 8805 10812 1044 7611 9516 2198 -2550 | -6619 -6276 -3892 -3142 -3196 5091 -9768 -11856 -10970 -37051
Direct investment aa 2332 3998 4062 5371 4425 6642 5369 6788 2708 | 2473 1762 287 1299 1104 2563 990 6 -2659 -6190
Portfolio investment ab -1048 -242 0 0 0 0 0 0 0| -1156 -2472 -649 -1712 1097 8683 -3727 3520 5340 -27675
Other investment ac 501 1867 4743 5441 -3381 969 4147 -4590 -5258 | -7936 -5565 -3531 -2729 -5397 -6154 -7030 -15381 -13650 -3186
Net errors and omissions 1115 -144 -41 3665 1059 -638 -2569 -134 3290 | -1296 -3186 -2430 -1148 343 1863 -7347 -6776 -5035 -7547
Overall balance 1982 1246 6585 11390 -3537 -1714 2491 -3872 10269 | 4689 -974 964 3734 10469 22034 3578 6858 13177 -5471
Reserves and related items -1982 -1246 -6585 -11390 3537 1714 -2491 3872 -10269 | -4689 974 -964 -3734 -10469 -22034 -3578 -6858 -13177 5471

Exports 65.0 68.2 67.1 68.8 76.2 80.7 76.2 77.3 99.4 106.3 104.9 94.8 93.6 95.0 101.7 103.2 102.7 94.7 89.9
Imports -59.1 -67.2 -61.3 -64.0 -73.9 -80.7 -72.2 -73.6 -75.0 -77.6 -82.7 -75.0 -74.7 -71.7 -79.6 -78.6 -79.2 -74.8 -66.9
Balance on goods 6.0 1.1 5.8 4.8 2.3 0.0 4.0 3.6 24.4 28.6 22.2 19.8 18.8 23.3 22.1 24.7 23.4 20.0 23.0
Current account balance -2.1 -8.6 -3.7 -4.6 -7.6 -9.8 -4.4 -5.9 13.2 15.9 9.0 7.9 8.0 12.1 12.1 15.0 16.3 15.7 17.6
Overall balance 4.5 2.5 11.1 17.0 -4.7 -1.9 2.5 -3.9 14.2 5.9 -1.0 1.0 3.7 9.5 17.7 2.6 4.4 7.1 -2.5
INTERNATIONAL RESERVES million US Dollars; as of end of period

Total 9871 11003 17343 27364 25545 23899 27130 20899 25675 30645 28383 29574 33416 43883 65945 69917 82194 101084 91212
Gold, national valuation 117 118 115 115 122 124 120 111 116 57 53 51 56 61 64 59 62 65 63
Foreign exchange 9327 10421 16784 26814 24888 22945 26156 20013 24728 29670 27432 28633 32419 42772 64906 69377 81724 100635 90605
Reserve position in the Fund 233 257 330 315 400 678 688 600 626 835 792 764 790 871 776 285 195 155 317
SDRs 194 207 113 121 135 151 166 175 205 83 105 125 151 178 199 196 214 229 226
EXCHANGE RATES Ringgit per US Dollar

End of period 2.70 2.72 2.61 2.70 2.56 2.54 2.53 3.89 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.78 3.53 3.31 3.46
Average of period 2.70 2.75 2.55 2.57 2.62 2.50 2.52 2.81 3.92 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.79 3.67 3.44 3.34
EXTERNAL INDEBTEDNESS million US Dollars; as of end of year

Total debt outstanding and disbursed 15328 17080 20018 26148 30336 34343 39673 47228 42409 41903 41874 45089 48272 48557 52156 51981 56491 53717 …
Long-term debt 13422 15006 16378 19197 24147 27069 28605 32289 33940 35892 37300 38337 39903 39932 40723 38805 43223 38467 …
Public and publicly guaranteed 11592 12539 12371 13460 14693 16023 15702 16807 18155 18930 19234 24156 26415 25400 25570 22449 22599 18441 …
Private nonguaranteed 1830 2467 4008 5737 9454 11046 12903 15482 15786 16961 18067 14181 13488 14532 15153 16356 20624 20026 …
Short-term debt 1906 2074 3639 6951 6189 7274 11068 14939 8469 6012 4573 6752 8369 8625 11432 13176 13268 15250 …
Use of IMF credit – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – …
External debt percent of GNI 36.4 36.6 35.7 41.1 42.8 40.6 41.3 49.8 62.1 57.0 48.6 52.4 51.2 46.6 44.1 39.5 37.2 29.4 …
Total long-term debt percent of total debt 87.6 87.9 81.8 73.4 79.6 78.8 72.1 68.4 80.0 85.7 89.1 85.0 82.7 82.2 78.1 74.7 76.5 71.6 …
Short-term debt percent of total debt 12.4 12.1 18.2 26.6 20.4 21.2 27.9 31.6 20.0 14.3 10.9 15.0 17.3 17.8 21.9 25.3 23.5 28.4 …
Debt service percent of exports of goods and services
12.6 7.4 9.1 8.7 8.9 7.0 8.9 7.4 7.2 4.9 5.6 6.0 7.2 7.9 6.2 5.6 4.0 4.6 …
Debt service million US Dollars; transactions during the year

Principal repayments on long-term debt 3167 1839 3102 3425 4690 4450 6343 4276 3806 2853 4146 4091 5973 7409 7102 7192 5269 7818 5935
Interest on long-term debt 997 891 932 887 1007 1150 1432 1588 1612 1603 2033 1946 1731 1909 1783 1872 1882 1615 1642
Interest on short-term debt 169 188 176 467 424 441 652 1245 656 319 266 195 235 275 306 325 480 574 …

Interest percent per annum 4.8 7.4 5.8 5.2 6.6 5.8 6.5 5.9 4.1 5.1 5.7 4.0 4.9 1.5 3.0 5.2 5.7 5.7 …
Maturity years 20.9 13.3 20.9 11.6 13.8 18.3 18.0 13.0 14.2 14.4 13.2 13.6 11.7 6.7 8.3 9.6 9.3 9.0 …
Grace period years 6.0 6.5 4.1 5.4 4.5 12.5 13.1 4.7 3.6 6.2 3.9 5.8 7.9 0.7 3.2 9.5 5.7 0.8 …
Grant element percent 37.3 14.6 27.4 24.3 17.2 27.6 19.0 21.4 32.8 28.9 22.7 33.4 25.5 23.6 26.3 28.3 20.8 14.5 …
a Refers to finance, insurance, real estate, and business services.

b Refers to community, social and personal services, producers of private nonprofit services, and domestic services of households including owner-occupied dwellings.
c Derived from balance of payments data.
d For 1997–2003, data were converted from barrels to metric tons by a factor of 0.15897882.
e Prior to 1993, data refer to average prices for Sabah and Sarawak only.
f Beginning December 1996, data compilation was based on a new statistical reporting system. Effective 15 September 1998, following the fixing of the Ringgit/US Dollar
exchange rate at RM3.80, all assets and liabilities in foreign currencies have been revalued into ringgit at exchange rates prevailing on the reporting date and the
exchange revaluation gain has been reflected in the Bank’s records. In April 2007, M3 was revised to include “other deposits” from December 1999 onward.
g From December 1996 onward, item refers to loans by commercial and Islamic banks and includes loans sold to Cagamas.
h Refers to average rates of commercial banks at end of period.
i Refers to federal government finance.
j Includes sinking fund revenues but excludes loan repayments by state governments and statutory authorities.
k Excludes intra-account transfers such as development fund.
l Refers to net development expenditure.
m Figures exclude nonbudgetary surplus/deficit.
n Includes use of IMF compensatory and buffer financing facilities.
o Includes proceeds from the sale of assets and grants from foreign governments and organizations.
p Includes changes in government trust fund balances. A minus sign indicates the accumulation of assets.
q Refers to federal government current and development expenditures.
r Includes mainly welfare services, post and broadcasting, culture, youth and sports.
u Includes trade.
v Includes mainly feasibility studies, research and development, and mineral resources.
w Includes mainly transfer payments, debt service charges, pensions and gratuities.
x From 1999 onward, data are compiled based on the Balance of Payments Manual 5 format of the IMF.
y For 1992–1998, item refers to services. From 1999 onward, item refers to services and income.
z Prior to 1999, item refers to unrequited transfers. From 1999 onward, item refers to current transfers, net.
aa For 1992–1998, item refers to net long-term capital, private and official. For 1999 onward, item refers to direct investment.
ab For 1990–1991, item refers to portfolio investment and other long-term capital.
ac For 1990–1998, item refers to net private short-term capital only. From 1999 onward, item refers to other investments.
Sources:
Population Official communication, 20 April 2009; past communication. Department of Statistics.
Labor Force Official communication, 20 April 2009; past communication. Department of Statistics.
National Accounts Official communication, 20 April 2009; past communication. Department of Statistics.
Production Indexes
Agriculture FAOSTAT Database Online. Food and Agriculture Organization.
Mining Official communication, 20 April 2009. Department of Statistics.

Manufacturing
Energy
Crude Petroleum Production, Exports and Imports:
For 1990–1991, 1996–2008, Official communication, 20 April 2009; past communication. Department of Statistics.
For 1992–1995, Energy Statistics Yearbook 1995. United Nations.
Consumption:
Energy Statistics Yearbook 2004; past issues. United Nations.
Coal Production, Exports, and Imports:

For 1990–1995, Energy Statistics Yearbook 1995; past issues. United Nations.
For 1996–2008, Official communication, 20 April 2009; past communication; other publications. Department of
Statistics.
Consumption:
Energy Statistics Yearbook 2004; past issues. United Nations.
Electricity For 1990–1995, Energy Statistics Yearbook 1995; past issues. United Nations.
Statistics.
Retail Prices For 1990-1996 and 2000–2008, Official communication, 20 April 2009; past communication. Department of
Statistics.
For 1997-1999, Official communication, 31 May 2000. Ministry of Finance.
Price Indexes Official communication, 20 April 2009; past communication; other publications. Department of Statistics.
Money and Banking Official communication, 16 April 2009; past communication. Bank Negara Malaysia.
Government Finance Official communication, 16 April 2009; past communication. Bank Negara Malaysia.
External Trade For 1990–1991, Quarterly Bulletin, Third Quarter 1997. Bank Negara Malaysia.
Statistics.
Direction of Trade Direction of Trade Statistics CD–ROM, May 2009. International Monetary Fund.
Balance of Payments Official communication, 20 April 2009; past communication, other publications. Department of Statistics.
International Reserves International Financial Statistics CD-ROM, May 2009. International Monetary Fund.
Exchange Rates
External Indebtedness Global Development Finance Online. World Bank.
Page 30 of 31
CPI / Ty Export/G Imports/G
Le Lam Tỷ lệ tăng DP DP
Phat GDP
Inflation GDP EX IM
% % % %
1990 3.1 9.0 17.8 26.3
1991 4.4 9.5 15.8 25.2
1992 4.6 8.9 12.6 6.4
1993 3.6 9.9 11.5 15.0
1994 3.1 9.2 21.9 25.6
1995 4.0 9.8 19.0 23.7
1996 3.4 10.0 9.2 4.9
1997 2.8 7.3 5.5 5.8
1998 5.2 -7.4 0.5 -18.8
1999 2.8 6.1 13.2 10.6
2000 1.5 8.9 16.1 24.4
2001 1.4 0.5 -6.8 -8.2
2002 1.8 5.4 5.4 6.2
2003 1.1 5.8 5.1 4.5
2004 1.5 6.8 16.1 19.6
2005 2.9 5.3 8.3 8.9
2006 3.6 5.6 6.7 8.2
2007 2.0 6.3 3.8 5.9
2008 5.4 4.8 1.6 2.3
2009 0.6 -1.5 -10.9 -12.7
2010 1.7 7.4 11.1 15.6
2011 3.2 5.3 4.2 6.3
2012 1.6 5.5 -1.7 2.9
2013 2.1 4.7 0.3 1.7
2014 3.2 6.0 5.0 4.0
2015 2.1 5.0 0.6 1.2

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MALAYSIA

Asian Development Bank (ADB)

NATIONAL ACCOUNTS million ringgit; calendar year

KEY INDICATORS 2016 - COUNTRY TABLE Page 1 of 31 MALAYSIA

Structure of Output percent of GDP at current producer prices

KEY INDICATORS 2016 - COUNTRY TABLE Page 2 of 31 MALAYSIA

Growth of Output annual change, percent

KEY INDICATORS 2016 - COUNTRY TABLE Page 3 of 31 MALAYSIA

Growth of Demand annual change, percent

Investment Financing at Current Prices

Savings and Investment percent of GDP at current market prices

At Current Market Prices ringgit

PRODUCTION INDEXES period averages

KEY INDICATORS 2016 - COUNTRY TABLE Page 4 of 31 MALAYSIA

ENERGY annual values

Coal thousand metric tons

Electricity million kilowatt-hours

Retail prices ringgit/liter

PRICE INDEXES period averages

Price Indexes annual change, percent

MONEY AND BANKINGi million ringgit; as of end of period

KEY INDICATORS 2016 - COUNTRY TABLE Page 5 of 31 MALAYSIA

Deposit Money Banks

Interest Rates percent per annum; period averages

GOVERNMENT FINANCE million ringgit; fiscal year ending 31 December

KEY INDICATORS 2016 - COUNTRY TABLE Page 6 of 31 MALAYSIA

Expenditure by Function, Central Government

Expenditure by Function percent of GDP at current market prices

EXTERNAL TRADE million ringgit; calendar year

External Trade annual change, percent

Direction of Trade million US dollars; calendar year

KEY INDICATORS 2016 - COUNTRY TABLE Page 7 of 31 MALAYSIA

BALANCE OF PAYMENTSw,x million US dollars; calendar year

Balance of Payments percent of GDP

KEY INDICATORS 2016 - COUNTRY TABLE Page 8 of 31 MALAYSIA

INTERNATIONAL RESERVES million US dollars; as of end of period

EXCHANGE RATES ringgit per US dollar

EXTERNAL INDEBTEDNESS million US dollars; as of end of year

Debt service million US dollars; transactions during the year

Average terms of new commitments

KEY INDICATORS 2016 - COUNTRY TABLE Page 9 of 31 MALAYSIA

Labor Force DOS. Official communication, 1 July 2016; past communication.

KEY INDICATORS 2016 - COUNTRY TABLE Page 10 of 31 MALAYSIA

Coal Production, exports, and imports:

International Reserves IMF. International Financial Statistics, CD-ROM, July 2016.

KEY INDICATORS 2016 - COUNTRY TABLE Page 11 of 31 MALAYSIA

NATIONAL ACCOUNTS million Ringgit; calendar year

Structure of Output percent of GDP at current producers' prices

Structure of Demand percent of GDP at current market prices

Growth of Output annual change, percent

Growth of Demand annual change, percent

Investment Financing at Current Prices

Savings and Investment percent of GDP at current market prices

At Current Market Prices Ringgit

PRODUCTION INDEXES period averages

ENERGY annual values

Coalh thousand metric tons

Retail prices Ringgit/liter

PRICE INDEXES period averages

Price Indexes annual change, percent

MONEY AND BANKINGi million Ringgit; as of end of period

Deposit Money Banks

Interest Rates percent per annum; period averages