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1 Title Page
2 Abstract
3 Table of contents
4 Introduction
5 Problem Statement
6 Aims & Objectives
7 Literature Review
8 Methodology of Research
Design of the investigation/Algorithms/ Hardware
Mathematical modeling Simulation
Prototype Analyse
7 Results
8 Work Schedule Plan
9 Budget Description
10 References

Proposal

POWER GENERATION BY USING SOLAR UPDRAFT TOWER

Submitted by

Usama Rafique

Submitted to
Dr.Anwar Ul Haq
Assistant professor
April,2020
ABSTRACT

Solar updraft towers are a robust green energy plant that produce electricity based on
a relatively simple but proven method of harnessing the energy of the sun to an air
collector, which acts like a greenhouse heat exchanger. It is a solar thermal power
plant consisting of an air collector (green house), a central updraft tower for generating
solar induced convective flow and a turbine unit driven by the heat transfer fluid, HTF
entrapped beneath the green house, to produce energy in the form of electricity.
This paper presents the thermodynamic analysis of an educational prototype, analyse
the fluid flow across the tower both in the ideal and real case, radiation optimization of
the greenhouse heat exchanger and evaluate the possible humidification effect around

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the heating zone. First, the thermo-fluid theory of the wind turbine and solar tower is
described. Then, results from the modelled design, simulation using CFD and charac-
teristic curves are presented. Consequently, Recommendations for future and on-going
solar tower projects are offered.

Table of Contents
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Problem Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...5
Aims & Objectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Literature Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..6
Methodology of Research. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Work Schedule Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Budget Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

1. Introduction

1. Emerging technology and in the future this technique provides the electrical
power to the world in affordable prices.
2. Principle is quite simple just a combination of the collector glass and chimney,
drive the turbine by absorbing sun radiations in the form of heat that entrapped
beneath the collector, exhaust hot air from chimney and produce energy in the
form of the electricity.
3. Cheapest form of the electrical energy.
4. Environment friendly as there is no emission of the carbon and smoke.

5. Low operating cost as compared to the diesel and the gas operated power plants.
6. Hot weather and where the solar radiations are maximum are suitable.

2.Problem Statement

1. The world fossils assets are decreasing day by day.

2. Increase in the demand of fuels.
3. Increase in the cost of the fuels.

4. Can’t use fossil fuels for the power generation.

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 5. Swear power crisis for most of the countries.
6. One of the major drawback of the fossil fuels is the environmental pollution.

3.Aims & Objectives

1. Generation of power by the method of the renewable energy resources (RESs).

2. Generation of the Economic Source of Energy.
3. Generation of Sustainable and Green Energy.

4. Eco-Friendly Energy, Zero pollution and Availability.

5. Huge potential in energy generation.
6. Contribute to our future Energy needs.

.
4.LITERATURE REVIEW

1. The history of the chimney belongs to the 19th century and the further improve-
ments makes the chimney more effective and efficient with the invention of the
smart turbines and efficient generator.

2. In 1903, “isidoro cabanyes” who belongs to the Spanish military planned a

layout for the solar chimney.
3. In 1926 “Prof. Engineer Physiologist Dubos” designed the first chimney for solar
radiation generation in the world.

4. In 1982, a completely low scale 50-kilowatt 200 metre high sun chimney created
at Manzanares, Spain.
5. In 2013, the China also developed tower technology that is known as “Jin-
shawan”.
6. Currently, the Australia is working on this technology because of its favorable
condition.

5.Methodology of Research

1. The whole system works on the laws of thermodynamics.

2. The main methodology involved is the solar chimney design that consists of two
main parts as one is solar collector and second is chimney.
3. Design matters a lot in the performance of the system.

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 4. Tower which act like a chimney, narrow from the down and wide from above
increase the air pressure inside the collector and exhaust the hot air outside after
run the turbine.

Q=Solar Input Power

D=Diameter of Collector
Ta=Ambient Temperature
H=Height of Chimney
P=Output Power
Wu=Air inlet
Wo=Air outlet
Tu=Inlet flow of Air
The Thermodynamic Model of Solar Tower

a).Design of the investigation/Algorithms/ Hardware

. The hardware of the solar chimney consists of the two basic parts, one is the solar
collector and the second part is the chimney. The complete investigation of the solar
chimney and the solar collector with the help of the laws of the thermodynamics are
shown in the figures below with complete labeling.
The Collector Dimensions of the System

b).Mathematical modeling Simulation

“#define voltpin A3”

“float detect = 0, volt;”
“int Relay = 8;”
“int Relay2=9;”
“#include <LCD.h>”
“#include <Wire.h>”
“#include <LiquidCrystal I2C.h>”
“//I2C pins declaration”
“LiquidCrystal I2C lcd(0x27, 2, 1, 0, 4, 5, 6, 7, 3, POSITIVE);”
“float getvolt(void);”
“void setup()”
{
“Serial.begin(9600);”
“pinMode(Relay, OUTPUT);”
“pinMode(Relay2, OUTPUT);”
“ lcd.begin(16, 2); //Defining 16 columns and 2 rows of lcd display”
“lcd.backlight();//To Power ON the back light”
//
“delay(2000);”

4
“//lcd.backlight();// To Power OFF the back light”
}
“void loop()”
{
“lcd.clear();”
“volt = getvolt();”
“if (volt > 0.50) {“
“lcd.setCursor(0, 0); //Defining positon to write from first row,first column “.
“lcd.print(”GENERATION START”); //You can write 16 Characters per line “.
“lcd.setCursor(0, 1)”;
“lcd.print(”12 VOLTS DC”);”
“ digitalWrite(Relay, HIGH);”
“ digitalWrite(Relay2, HIGH);”
“delay(2000);”
“lcd.clear();”
“lcd.setCursor(0, 0); //Defining positon to write from first row,first column” .
“ lcd.print(”220 AC OUTPUT”); //You can write 16 Characters per line” .
“lcd.setCursor(0, 1);”
“ lcd.print(”BATT LEVEL 98%”);”
“while (volt >0.50) volt = getvolt();”
}
“else if (volt < 0.50) {“
“digitalWrite(Relay, LOW);”
“digitalWrite(Relay2, LOW); “
“lcd.setCursor(0, 0);”
“ lcd.print(”SOLAR CHIMNEY”);”
“ lcd.setCursor(0, 1);”
“lcd.print(”GENERATION SYSTEM”);”
“ delay(2000);”
“ lcd.clear();”
“ lcd.setCursor(0, 0);”
“ lcd.print(”AIR PRESSURE&”);”
“lcd.setCursor(0, 1);”
“lcd.print(”TEMP ARE LOW”);”
“while (volt < 0.50) volt = getvolt();”
}
}
“float getvolt(void)” {
“detect = analogRead(voltpin);”
“detect = (detect * 5) / 1023;”
“Serial.print(detect);”
“Serial.println(” v”);”
“return detect;”
}
c).Prototype analysis

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In the prototype analysis firstly we have to make a prototype model for the hardware
and then before implementation. We have to test this model roughly either the working
principal is good for the implementation of this hardware,we have designed a nor-
mal roughsketch for the analysis as shown in the figure The Experimental Model of
Hardware

6.Results

1. The overall power equation for the plant output is shown below.

Pout = Q solar . η coll . η tower . η turbine = Q solar . η plant

1. The sunlight and the area of the collector equations

Q solar =Gh .Acoll

1. Larger the height of tower and the area of collector, the output of the plant will
be larger .

Solar Tower Design

7.Work Schedule Plan

Collection of literature Two Weeks

Study of Literature Two Weeks
Analysis of Proposed Scheme One Month
Preparation of Scheme/Model One Month
Implementation of Scheme/Model One Month
Analysis and Simulation One Month
Result Formulation Two Weeks
Final Write-up & Thesis Submission Two Weeks
8.Proposed Time Schedule
Sample is given below.

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 Activity Jan 21 Feb21 Mar 21 Apr 21 May 21 Jun 21
2wk 2wk 4wk 4wk 4wk 4wk 2wk 2wk
Collection of
Literature
Study of Lit-
erature
Analysis of
Proposed
Scheme
Preparation
of Schemes /
Model
Implementation
of
Schemes/Model
Analysis &
Simulation
Result Formu-
lation
Final Write- Ssss
up & Thesis
Submission
9.Budget Description
Funding is required for the proposed work.

10.REFERENCES
[1]Badenwerk, A. G., and Energie-Versorgung Schwaben, A. G., 1997, “Technische
und wirtschaftliche Aspekte zur Beurteilung der Chancen von Aufwindkraftwerken,”
internal report, Karlsruhe/Stuttgart.[2]Gunther, H., 1931, “In Hundert Jahren—Die
kunftige Energieversorgung derWelt,” Kosmos, Gesellschaft der Naturfreunde, Franckh’sche
Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart.
[3]Haaf, W., 1984, “Solar Towers, Part II: Preliminary Test Results from theMan-
zanares Pilot Plant,” Sol. Energy, 2, pp. 141–161.
[4]Haaf, W., Friedrich, K., Mayr, G., and Schlaich, J., 1983, “Solar Chimneys,Part I:
Principle and Construction of the Pilot Plant in Manzanares,” Sol.Energy, 2, pp. 3–20.
[5]Schlaich, J., Schiel, W., Friedrich, K., Schwarz, G., Wehowsky, P., Meinecke,W.,
and Kiera, M., 1990, “AbschlußberichtAufwindkraftwerk, U bertragbarkeit der Ergeb-
nisse von Manzanares auf großere Anlagen,” BMFTForderkennzeichen 0324249D,
Stuttgart.
[6]Schlaich, J., 1995, The Solar Chimney, Edition Axel Menges, Stuttgart, Germany.
[7]Kreetz, H., 1997, “Theoretische Untersuchungen und Auslegung eines temporaren
Wasserspeichers fur das Aufwindkraftwerk,” diploma thesis, Technical[8] Gannon, A.
J., and Backstrom, T. W. v., 2000, “Solar Chimney Cycle AnalysisWith System Loss
and Solar Collector Performance,” J. Sol. Energy Eng., 122∼3!, pp. 133–137.
[9] von Backstrom, T. W., and Gannon, A. J., 2003, “Solar Chimney TurbineCharac-

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teristics,” Sol. Energy, 76∼1–3!, pp. 235–241.[10] Ruprecht, A. et al., 2003, “Stro-
mungstechnische Gestaltung eines Aufwindkraftwerks ∼Fluid Dynamic Design of a
Solar Updraft Power Plant!,” Proceedings of the Internationales Symposium uber An-
wendungen der Informatik undMathematik in Architektur und Bauwesen, June 10–12,
Bauhaus-UniversityWeimar, Germany.
[11] Dos Santos Bernardes, M. A., Voß, A., and Weinrebe, G., 2003, “Thermal andTech-
nical Analyses of Solar Chimneys” Sol. Energy, 75, pp. 511–524.[12] Schlaich, J., and
Schiel, W., 2001, “Solar Chimneys,” Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technol-
ogy, 3rd ed., Academic Press, London.
[13] Unger, J., 1988, “Konvektionsstromungen,” Teubner, StuttgartUniversity Berlin,
Berlin
[14] Bala, E.J., Ojosu, J.O. and Umar, I. H. (2000). Government Policies and Pro-
grammes on the Development of Solar-PV Sub-sector in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of
Renewable Energy, Vol. 8, No. 1&2, pp. 1-6
[15] Bernardes MA dos S, Valle RM, Cortez MF.(1999), Numerical analysis of natural
laminar convection in a radial solar heater. Int J ThermSci;38:42–50.
[16] Bernardes MA dos S, Voss A, Weinrebe G.(2003), Thermal and technical analyzes
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[17] Bernardes MA dos S.(2004) Technische, okonomische und o kologischeAnalyse
von Aufwindkraftwerken (Technical, economical and ecological analysis of SCPP).
Ph.D. Thesis. Germany: Universitat Stuttgart.