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w=
-- 13(5 -- 4i) -- 13(5 -- 4i) (22 -- 7i) -- 13(82 -- 123i)
= x = = –2 + 3i (4) – (2) : 2w – (1 – 2i)w* = 4 + 5i (Let w = a + bi w* = a – bi)
(22 7i) (22 7i) (22 -- 7i) 222 72 2(a + bi) – (1 – 2i)(a – bi) = 4 + 5i (a + 2b) + (2a + 3b)i = 4 + 5i
z = 5 – 4i + 2(–2 + 3i) = 1 + 2i a + 2b = 4 and 2a + 3b = 5 a = –2 , b = 3 w = –2 + 3i
3. Given (1 + 2i)u – 2v = 3 – 4i, find the values of u and v in each of the (2) : (4 + 2i)(1 + i) – z = 3i z = 2 + 3i
following cases :
(a) u and v are both real numbers.
6. The complex number z is such that it has modulus 3 and argument (– ).
(b) u and v are respectively a complex number and its conjugate. 2
a 3b
(a) (1 + 2i)u – 2v = 3 – 4i (u – 2v) + 2ui = 3 – 4i, Given that z = +
1 i 1 -- i
, find the real values of a and b.
5
u – 2v = 3 and 2u = – 4 u = –2 , v = –
2 z = 3[cos (– )+ i sin (– )] = –3i
2 2
(b) Let u = a + bi v = a – bi
a 3b a(1 -- i) 3b(1 i) ( a 3b ) (3b -- a )i
(1 + 2i)u – 2v = 3 – 4i (1 + 2i)(a + bi) – 2(a – bi) = 3 – 4i z= + = –3i = +
1 i 1 -- i (1 -- i)(1 i) 2 2
(–a – 2b) + (2a + 3b)i = 3 – 4i –a – 2b = 3 and 2a + 3b = – 4
a + 3b = 0 and 3b – a = –6 a = 3 , b = –1
a = 1 , b = –2 u = 1 – 2i , v = 1 + 2i
7. Express the complex number z = – 2 + i 2 in polar form. 9. Given that 2 + i is a root for the equation z3 + mz2 + nz + 10 = 0.
7 Find the real values of m and n.
The complex zw has modulus 4 and argument .
12 With these values of m and n, find the other roots of this equation.
Find the exact complex number w in the form a + bi. Sketch an Argand diagram showing the points representing the roots.
|z| = (-- 2)2 ( 2)2 = 2 arg (z) = tan−1 ( -- 22 ) = 34 Root = 2 + i : (2 + i)3 + m(2 + i)2 + n(2 + i) + 10 = 0
(2 + 11i) + m(3 + 4i) + n(2 + i) + 10 = 0
3
z = 2 [cos ( ) + i sin ( 3 )] 3m + 2n = –12 and 4m + n = –11 m = –2 , n = –3
4 4
zw = 4 [cos
7
+ i sin
7
] w=
4 cis (712 ) = 2 cis ( 7 – 3 ) Since all coefficients of the equation are
3 real numbers, (2 – i) is also a root,
12 12 2 cis ( 4 ) 12 4
Z1(2 , 1)
w = 2 cis (
) = 2 [cos
+ i sin
]= 3 +i
z3 – 2z2 – 3z + 10
= (z – 2 – i)(z – 2 + i)(z + w) Z3(–2 , 0)
6 6 6
0
= (z2 – 4z + 5)(z + w)
8. Solve the equation z2 − ( 2 3 )iz − 4 = 0, giving your answers in the form
Z (2 , –1)
[ z0 ] : 10 = 5w w=2 2
x + yi, where x and y are real.
Other roots are (2 – i) and –2.
(a) Find the modulus and argument of each root.
(b) Sketch an Argand diagram showing the points representing the roots
10. Express the complex number z = 1 + cos – i sin in polar form.
3 3
2
-- (-- 2 3 i) (-- 2 3 i) -- 4(1)(-- 4)
z2 − ( 2 3 )iz − 4 = 0 : z= The complex zw has modulus 6 and argument .
2(1) 12
z = –1 + 3 i , 1 + 3 i Find the complex number w in the form a + bi.
1 3 3 3
(a) z1 = –1 + 3 i
(b) z = 1 + cos
3
– i sin
3
(
= 1+
2
)–i( 2
)= 2
–
2
i
2
Z2
Z1
| z1 | = (-- 1)2 ( 3 )2 = 2
) = – 6
2 2 -- 3
|z| = (32) (--23 ) = 3 arg (z) = tan−1 ( 3
2
z = 2 [cos (– ) + i sin (– )]
60o 60o 6 6
z2 = 1 + 3 i –2 0 2
| z2 | = 1 ( 3 ) = 2
2 2 zw = 6 [cos
+ i sin
] w=
6 cis 12( )
= 2 cis (
+ )
12 12 3 cis --( 6) 12 6
12. Given that –2 + 3i is a root of the quadratic equation 2z2 + (–1 + 4i)z + w = 0,
find the complex number w and the modulus and argument of other root.
(-- 1 4i) 5
Sum of roots : z1 + (–2 + 3i) = – z1 = – 5i
2 2
5 5
| z1 | = (52)2 (-- 5)2 = 2
and Arg (z1) = tan–1 (-5- 25) = –1.1071
14. Find the three complex numbers z0, z1, z2 that satisfy the equation
16. Solve the equation iz3 = 2 – 2i, expressing all possible values of z in polar form. [4]
z3 + 4 2 + 4 2 i = 0. Give your answers in polar form. [4]
Hence, deduce the roots of the equation –iw3 = 2 + 2i, expressing all possible
Deduce the value of w, if w = z06 + z16 + z26. [3] values of w in polar form. [4]
3
z3 + 4 2 + 4 2 i = 0 z3 = – 4 2 – 4 2 i = 8 cis (– ) 3
4 iz3 = 2 – 2i _ _ _ (x –i) z3 = – 2 – 2i = 2 2 cis (– )
4
3
z3 = 8 cis (– 2k ) 3
4 z3 = 2 2 cis (– 2k )
1
4
3
[
z = 8 cis (–
4
2k) ] 3
= 2 cis (–
4
2k
3
), for k = 0, 1, 2
[
z = 2 2 cis (–
3
2k) ]
1
3
= 2 cis (–
2k
), for k = 0, 1, 2
4 4 3
5 13
z = 2 cis -- , 2 cis
12 , 2 cis 12
5 13
4 z= 2 cis -- , 2 cis ,
2 cis
4 12 12
5 5
z = 2 [cos ( -- ) + i sin ( -- )] , 2 [cos ],
4 4 12
+ i sin
12 z= 2 [cos ( --
4
) + i sin ( -- 4 )] , 2 [cos
5
12
+ i sin
5
12
],
11
2 [cos ( --
12
) + i sin ( -- 11
12
)] 2 [cos ( --
11
) + i sin ( -- 11
)]
12 12
w = z06 + z16 + z26 = 64i + 64i + 64i = 192i w3 = –iz3 w3 = (i2) iz3 = (iz)3
5 13
w = iz = 2 cis -- . cis , 2 cis
12 . cis 2 , 2 cis 12 . cis 2
15. The complex number z has modulus r and argument θ, where 0 < θ < . 4 2
2
(-- 1 i)z 2
11 5
Given that w = , with w2 is a positive real number. = 2 cis , 2 cis , 2 cis --
z*
4 12 12
Find all the possible values of θ.
11 11
6 w= 2 [cos ( ) + i sin ( )] , 2 [cos + i sin ],
(-- 1 i)2 z 4 z 2 (1 -- 1 -- 2i)z 6 (-- 2i)[r cis θ ] 4 4 12 12
w2 = x 2 = = = –2r2 i cis 6θ
5
) + i sin ( -- 512 )]
2 2 4
( z *)2 z ( ) z r 2 [cos ( --
12
= –2r2 i (cos 6θ + i sin 6θ) = 2r2 (sin 6θ – i cos 6θ)
For w2 is a positive real number : sin 6θ > 0 and cos 6θ = 0
3 5
6θ = , ,
2 2 2
5 5
Since sin 6θ > 0 : 6θ = , θ= ,
2 2 12 12
17. Given that z = 4 [cos + i sin ] and w = 2 [cos 3 – i sin 3 ] ,
6 6 19. Express the complex numbers 2 + 2 3 i and 3 – i in polar form respectively.
5
find the modulus and argument of w . (2 2 3 i ) 5
Hence, evaluate in the form a + bi.
(z*) 3 ( 3 -- i)9
] [4 cis ( 6 )] ( 2 23 ) = 3
5
w 5 = w 5 . z3 =
(z*) 3
(z*) 3
z 3
1
( z )2 3
2 cis (– )
3
[ 3
| 2 + 2 3 i | = 2 2 (2 3 )2 = 4 arg (2 + 2 3 i ) = tan−1
2 + 2 3 i = 4(cos + i sin )
5 3 5
=
1
[ 5
2 cis (– ) ][ 3
4 cis (
1
) = cis (– )] 3 3
( 42 )3 3 6 2 3 2
| 3 – i | = ( 3 )2 (-- 1)2 = 2 arg ( 3 – i ) = tan−1 ( --31) = – 6
1 7 1 5
3 – i = 2 [cos (– ) + i sin (– 6 )]
= cis (– ) = cis ( )
2 6 2 6
6
5 1 5 5 4 cis
5
5
modulus of w argument of w 3
= and =
(z*) 3 2 (z*) 3 6 (2 2 3 i ) 5
(4)5 cis 3
= = .
( 3 -- i)9 2 cis (-- )
9
(2)9 cis (-- 9 )
6
6
18. Express the complex numbers 1 + i and 1 + i 3 in polar form respectively. = 2 cis ( 5 – 3 ) = 2 [cos ( 6 ) + i sin ( 6 )]
3 2
6
(1 i 3 )
Hence evaluate in the form a + bi. 3
(1 i)9 =2[ + 1 i] = 3 +i
2 2
| 1 + i | = 12 12 = 2 arg (1 + i ) = tan−1 1
1 ( )= 4
1+i= 2 (cos + i sin )
4 4
| 1 + i 3 | = 1 2 ( 3 )2 = 2 arg (1 + i 3 ) = tan−1 ( 13 ) = 3
1 + i 3 = 2(cos + i sin )
3 3
6
2 cis
(1 i 3 )
6 3 (2)6 cis 6
= = . 3
(1 i)9 cis
9
2 cis ( 2 )9 9
4 4
(b) Given that w = – 3 + i and (w*z)8 is a negative real number, find all the
possible values of θ in terms of .
5
3 (b)
24
(a) z – 1 = (cos θ – 1) + i sin θ
2 sin θ cos θ
sin θ
arg (z – 1) = tan −1
( = tan
cos θ -- 1 ) −1
2
( 2
-- 2 sin2 ( θ )
)
2
θ
= tan [– cot ( )] = tan [– tan ( -- θ )]
−1 −1
2 2 2
arg (z – 1) = – ( -- θ ) = 2 + θ
2 2 2
w=– 3 +i: w* = – 3 – i