PAPER

JOINT PROBABILITY

Prepared To Fulfill Duties CourseStatistics:

lecturers Dr.Ir.M.Darwis, M.Si

PREPARED BY:

RIAN DANI TUMANGGOR

2004112971

STUDY PROGRAM MARINE SCIENCE

FACULTY AND MARINE FISHERIES

RIAU UNIVERSITY

2021
 PREFACE

Praise I say the presence of God The One and Only, because of the
abundance of gifts and grace in the form of health so that I can complete this
statistical paper assignment. This paper was prepared with the aim to better
understand about "Joint Probability".

In compiling I tried to compile this paper with all my abilities, but I

realized that this paper still has many deficiencies in terms of both writing and
preparation. Therefore, I will gladly accept criticism and constructive suggestions
for the improvement of my next paper.

Hopefully this paper can provide information about this joint probability
for the readers. Thank you for your attention and opportunity to make this paper.

PEKANABARU. 22 MARCH 2021

RIAN DANI TUMANGGOR

 CONTENTS

Contents
INTRODUCTION 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS 3

CHAPTER I 4

INTRODUCTION 4

A. Background 4

B. THEOLOGICAL PROBLEM 4

C. GOAL 4

CHAPTER II 5

DISCUSSION 5

A. WHAT IS THE PROBABILITY OF JOINT? 5

B. WHAT IS THE FORMULATION FOR JOINT PROBABILITY? 5

C. HOW DO I USE YOUR PROBABILITY TOGETHER? 5

D. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE WITH REQUIRED PROBABILITY? 7

REFERENCES 8
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. BACKGROUND
The probability problem is the problem of the frequency of an event. From that,
the probability of an event can be handled as a comparison of the frequency of the
event with the total occurrence. Probability theory actually provides a quantitative
measurement of the likelihood or degree of certainty about the occurrence of an
event.

B. PROBLEM FORMULATION
1. What is joint probability?
2. What is the formula for joint probability?
3. How are probability shared?
4. What is the difference between joint probability and conditional
probability?

C. OBJECTIVE
1. Knowing what probability it along
2. Knowing joint probability formula
3. Knowing how to use the joint probability
4. Knowing the difference between probability along with the conditional
probability
 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. WHAT IS THE PROBABILITY OF JOINT?

Joint probability is a statistical measure that calculates the likelihood of two
events occurring simultaneously and at the same point in time. The combined
probability is the probability that event Y occurs at the same time that event X
occurs.

B. WHAT IS THE FORMULATION FOR JOINT PROBABILITY?

The notation for compound probability can take several different forms. The
following formula represents the possible intersection of events:

𝑃 = ( 𝑋 ∩𝑌 )

Where:

X, Y = two different events (2 variables)

C. HOW DO I USE THE PROBABILITY TOGETHER?

Probability is a field that is closely related to statistics which deals with the
likelihood of an event or phenomenon occurring. It is quantified as a number
between 0 and 1 inclusive, where 0 denotes the unlikely probability and 1 denotes
the specific outcome of an event.

For example, the odds of drawing a red card from a deck of cards are 1/2 = 0.5.
This means that there are equal opportunities to draw red and black; Since there
are 52 cards in one pile, of which 26 are red and 26 are black, there is a 50-50
chance of drawing a red card versus a black card.
Combined probability is a measure of two events occurring at the same time, and
can only be applied to situations where more than one observation can occur at the
same time. For example, from a deck of 52 cards, the combined probability of
drawing a card that is red and 6 is P (6 ∩ red) = 2/52 = 1/26, because the deck has
two six reds — six hearts and six diamonds. Since the occurrences "6" and "red"
in this example are independent, you can also use the following formula to
calculate the combined probability:

P(6∩4/52 × 26/52RED) =P(6) ×P(RED) ==

1/26 The symbol “∩” in compound probability is called the intersection. The
probability of occurrence of event X and event Y is equal to the point where X
and Y intersect. Therefore, the combined probability is also called the intersection
of two or more events. The Venn diagram is perhaps the best visual tool for
explaining intersections:

From the Venn above, the point where the two circles overlap is the intersection,
which has two observations: six hearts and six diamonds.
D. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE WITH REQUIRED PROBABILITY?
Joint probability should not be confused with conditional probability, which
is the probability that one event will occur in light of another action or event
occurring. The formula for conditional probability is as follows:

𝑃 (𝑋, 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑌)𝑜𝑟 𝑃 (𝑋 | 𝑌)

This is to say that the probability of an event occurring depends on other events
occurring. For example, from a deck of cards, the chances of you getting six,
considering that you drew a red card is P (6│red) = 2/26 = 1/13, because there are
two sixs out of 26 red cards.

Joint probability only factors into the likelihood that both events will occur. The
conditional probability can be used to calculate the joint probability, as seen in
this formula:

𝑃 (𝑋∩𝑌) = 𝑃(𝑌) 𝑥 𝑃(𝑌 𝑇ℎ𝑒)

probability that A and B occur is the probability that X occurs, given that Y
occurs multiplied by the probability Y occurs. With this formula, the probability
of drawing 6 and red at the same time is as follows:

P(6∩1/13 × 26/521/13red) ==P(6∣red) ×P(red)

=× 1 / 2 = 1/26

statisticians and analysts use as a tool when the joint probability of two or more
events that can be observed to occur simultaneously. For example, the combined
probability could be used to estimate the likelihood of a decline in the Dow Jones
Industrial Average (DJIA) accompanied by a decline in Microsoft's share price, or
the probability of increasing the value of oil at the same time that the US dollar
weakens.
 REFERENCES
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/j/jointprobability.asp#:~:text=Joint%20proba
bility%20is%20a%20statistical,time%20that%20event%20X%20occurs.

Joint Probability Distribution Function | erlenza's blog (wordpress.com)