2

8 f LQ
Head loss due to surface resistance, hf =
π 2 g D5

Where,

L = pipe length
f = coefficient of surface resistance
Q = Water demand
D = Diameter of pipe
g = gravitational acceleration

Considering water at 20oC , the kinematic viscosity of water is :

1.165 −1
Viscosity, v = 1.792   x   10−6 1+  
( ( ) )
T
25

1.165 −1
= 1.792   x   10
−6
( ( ) )
1+  
20
25

= 1.012 x 10-6 m2/s

Substitute Q = 0.019 m3/s , v = 1.012 x 10-6 m2/s, and D = 0.18 m

4Q
Reynold’s number, R = πv D

4(0.019 )
=
π (1.012   x   10−6 )(0.18 )

= 132,803.9 > 4000 (Turbulent flow)

As the R is greater than 4000, the flow is turbulent. The roughness height for PVC pipe is ε =

0.05 mm (5 x 10-5 )m.