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Lecture 5 Slabs and Flat Slabs PHG N Rev13 15 Oct 16
Lecture 5 Slabs and Flat Slabs PHG N Rev13 15 Oct 16
Lecture 5
19th October 2016
Contents – Lecture 5
Shear
with a minimum of
VRd,c = (0.035k3/2fck1/2 + 0.15 σcp) bwd (6.2.b)
where:
k = 1 + √(200/d) ≤ 2.0
ρl = Asl/bwd ≤ 0.02
Asl = area of the tensile reinforcement,
bw = smallest width of the cross-section in the tensile area [mm]
σ cp = NEd/Ac < 0.2 fcd [MPa] Compression +ve
NEd = axial force in the cross-section due to loading or pre-stressing [in N]
Ac = area of concrete cross section [mm2]
fck 25 28 32 35 40 45 50
factor 0.94 0.98 1.02 1.05 1.10 1.14 1.19
Shear in Slabs
Most slabs do not require shear
reinforcement
ui = ith perimeter.
u1 = basic control perimeter at 2d
u1* = reduced basic control perimeter
u0 = column perimeter
d = average effective depth
k = coeff. depending on column shape –see Table 6.1
W1 = a shear distribution factor – see 6.4.3(3)
Punching Shear
EC2:Cl. 6.4 Concise: Figure 8.3
Punching shear does not use the Variable Strut inclination method
and is similar to BS 8110 methods
2d 2d 2d
u1 u1
u1
2d
bz
by
6.4.4 (1)
Punching Shear
Near to an edge
Near to an
opening
Outer control
Outer perimeter of shear
reinforcement
The outer control perimeter at
perimeter which shear reinforcement is not
0.75d
required, should be calculated
from:
kd 1.5d (2d if > 2d from
column) uout,ef = βVEd / (vRd,c d)
A 0.5d
A
The outermost perimeter of
shear reinforcement should be
placed at a distance not
greater than kd ( k = 1.5)
0.75d
Outer control within the outer control
perimeter
0.5d
kd perimeter.
Section A - A u1 uout
2d 1,5d
d
1,5d
βVEd
Max. shear stress at column face, v Ed = ≤ v Rd,max = 0.5 ν fcd
u0 d
EC2 Equ 6.53
βVEd
Max. shear stress at column face, v Ed = ≤ v Rd,max = 0.5 ν fcd
the u0 perimeter u0 d
The minimum area of a link leg (or equivalent), Asw,min, is given by the
following expression:
Asw,min (1.5 sinα + cosα)/(sr st) ≥ (0,08 √(fck))/fyk EC2 equ 9.11
Punching shear
Worked example
400 mm Square
Column
Design information
• At C2 the ultimate column reaction is 1204.8 kN
• Effective depths are 260mm & 240mm
• Reinforcement: ρly = 0.0085, ρlz = 0.0048
Punching shear
A few definitions:
u0
2d
uout
u1
β = 1,5
β = 1.15
u0 = 4 x 400 = 1600 mm
d = (260 + 240)/2 = 250 mm
B A
vEd = 1.15 x 1204.8 x 1000/(1600 x 250) β = 1,4 β = 1,15
= 3.46 MPa
vRd,max = 0.5 ν fcd
= 0.5 x 0.6(1-fck/250) x αcc fck/γm
= 0.5 x 0.6(1-30/250) x 1.0 x 30 /1.5 = 5.28 MPa
vEd < vRd,max ...OK
Solution
2. Check shear at u1, the basic control perimeter
vEd = β VEd/(u1d) < vRd,c
β, VEd as before
u1 = 2(cx + cy) + 2π x 2d
= 2(400 + 400) + 2π x 2 x 250 = 4742 mm
vEd = 1.15 x 1204.8 x 1000/(4742 x 250) = 1.17 MPa ρ from
vRd,c = 0.12 k(100ρl fck)1/3 flexural
calcs
k = 1 + (200/d)1/2 = 1 + (200/250)1/2 = 1.89
ρl = (ρlyρlx)1/2 = (0.0085 x 0.0048) 1/2 = 0.0064
vRd,c = 0.12 x 1.89(100 x 0.0064 x 30)1/3 = 0.61 MPa
vEd > vRd,c ?
1.17 MPa > 0.61 MPa ... Therefore punching shear reinf. required
2a. NA check:
vEd ≤ 2vRd,c at basic control perimeter
1.17 MPa ≤ 2 x 0.61 MPa = 1.22 MPa - OK
Solution
4. Area of reinforcement
Asw ≥ (vEd – 0.75vRd,c)sru1/(1.5fywd,ef)
fywd,ef = (250 + 0.25d) = 312 MPa
Asw ≥ (1.17 – 0.75 x 0.61) x 175 x 4741/(1.5 x 312)
≥ 1263 mm2/perim. 1H10 is 78.5 mm2 dia.
≥ 2h
Initial sizing
Design constraints
– Punching shear
– Deflection
– Moment transfer from slab to column
Column Head
Drop Panel
Waffle Slab
1. COBIAX
2. BUBBLEDECK
a. VEd
b. VRd,c
c. VRd,max
d. VRd,s
Column strip
Middle strip
Column strip
z
be = cz + y
be = z + y/2
A
Figure 8
Rebar arrangement
Figure 47
Initial sizing
3. Use Concept.xls
Initial sizing
Analysis Methods
Analysis Methods
Load cases
NA – can use single load case provided:
• Variable load ≤ 1.25 x Permanent load
• Variable load ≤ 5.0 kN/m2
Condition of using single load case is that Support BM’s should be
reduced by 20% except at cantilever supports
Limitation of negative
moments, N1 and N2
Mt,max
≥ nl2(l1-2hc/3)2/8
TR 64 – Figure 14
Reduction in maximum hogging moment
at columns
100 mm2/m
200 mm2/m
400 mm2/m
200 mm2/m
100 mm2/m
Analysis Methods
Equivalent frame method - Elastic Plane Frame
– Note: No column
BM’s given in table
‘work method’
=
Internal energy dissipated by
the yield lines rotating
Analysis Methods
◦ irregular layouts
◦ Slabs supported on 2 or 3
edges only
Common pitfalls:
◦ Use long term E-values (typically 1/3 to 1/2 short term value)
◦ Use cracked section properties (typically 1/2 gross
properties) by adjusting E-value to suit
◦ Therefore appropriate E-values are usually 4 to 8 kN/mm2
Shape 51
• Shear Rails
Shape 47
Design Constraints
Deflection:
Wherever possible use the span/effective depth ratios, cl 7.4.2 (2)
Reduction factor for brittle finishes for spans greater than 8.5m
Effective
width, be.
Flexure
Design information
• Nominal cover = 30mm
9600
• Hogging reinforcement
at support 2
Analysis
Actions:
gk = 0.30 x 25 + 1.0 = 8.5 kN/m2
qk = 4.0 kN/m2
n = 1.25 x 8.5 + 1.5 x 4.0 = 16.6 kN/m2 NB. Exp(6.10b) used!
MEd
Column strip Middle strip
+ve sagging 0.50 x 842.7/3.0 = 0.50 x 842.7/3.0 =
140.5 kNm/m 140.5 kNm/m
From analysis
Hogging Moments
0.047
(Using Concise table 15.5 )
Exercise
Lecture 5
400 mm Square
Column
Design information
• At C1 the ultimate column reaction is 609.5 kN
• Effective depths are 260mm & 240mm
• Reinforcement: ρly = 0.0080, ρlz = 0.0069
9600
of the uout perimeter
from the face of column
C1.
d) Determine the area of
shear reinforcement
required on a perimeter.
i.e. find Asw for the u1
perimeter.
Working space
End of Lecture 5