INFERENCE: If E is T then A is F

-is the way to the truth If E is F thn A is doubtful

-idea in a logical form

WAYS OF REWRITING PROPOSITION TO ITS subcontrary:

LOGICAL FORM
particular
1. Change the verb to its present tense
progressive.
if one is false then the other is true
2. Change the verb to a noun.
if one is true, the other is doubtful
3. Change verb to a relative clause.

4. Change verb to a noun clause.

subalterns:

If A is True then I is true

SQUARE OF OPPOSITION:
If E is True the O is true
-contradictory
If A is Fales then I is doubtful
-contrary
If E is False the O is doubtful
-subcontrary
---
-subaltern
If I is True then A is doubtful

If O is True then E is doubtful

RULES OF SQUARE OF OPPOSITION:
If I is fales then A is false
contradictories:
If O is fales then E is false
A-O and E-I

If A/E is T then O/I is F

If A/E is F then O/I is T

If O/I is T then A/E is F

If O/I is F then A/E is T

Contraries:

If A is T then E is False

If A is F then E is doubtful