Practical Research 1

Quarter 3 – Module 5:
The Research Problem and the
Research Title
Practical Research 1 – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 5: The Research Title and the Research Problem
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

SENIOR HS MODULE DEVELOPMENT TEAM

Author
Co-Author – Language Editor
Co-Author – Content Evaluator
Co-Author – Illustrator
Co-Author – Layout Artist
: Karl Angelo R. Tabernero
: Niljoy G. Senina
: Roanne S.J. Tolentino
: Joshua D. Hernandez
: Jexter D. Demerin

Team Leaders:
School Head : Marijoy B. Mendoza, EdD
LRMDS Coordinator : Karl Angelo R. Tabernero

SDO-BATAAN MANAGEMENT TEAM:

Schools Division Superintendent : Romeo M. Alip, PhD, CESO V
OIC- Asst. Schools Division Superintendent : William Roderick R. Fallorin, CESE
Chief Education Supervisor, CID : Milagros M. Peñaflor, PhD
Education Program Supervisor, LRMDS : Edgar E. Garcia, MITE
Education Program Supervisor, AP/ADM : Romeo M. Layug
Education Program Supervisor, Senior HS : Danilo S. Caysido
Project Development Officer II, LRMDS : Joan T. Briz
Division Librarian II, LRMDS : Rosita P. Serrano

REGIONAL OFFICE 3 MANAGEMENT TEAM:

Regional Director : May B. Eclar, PhD, CESO III
Chief Education Supervisor, CLMD : Librada M. Rubio, PhD
Education Program Supervisor, LRMS : Ma. Editha R. Caparas, EdD
Education Program Supervisor, ADM : Nestor P. Nuesca, EdD

Printed in the Philippines by the Department of Education –

Schools Division of Bataan
Office Address: Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan
Telefax: (047) 237-2102
E-mail Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph
 Practical Research 1
Quarter 3 – Module 5:
The Research Problem and the
Research Title
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need
to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will
be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read
the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module is designed and written to help you in determining a potential problem
and its possible research title in conducting a research project relevant to your daily
encounters and observations.

At the end of the module, you are expected to:

1. design a research project related to daily life; and
2. write a research title.

1
 What I Know

Identify what is being asked from the given statements below. Choose your answer
in the word pool. Write your answers on your notebook.

1. This may refer to existing social philosophies and generalizations.

2. This may refer to a person who has an expertise and has gained experiences in
a particular field.
3. This consists of administrators, teachers, students, and parents.
4. This pertains to devices such as computer and telephone.
5. This reflects the knowledge and training acquired by the researcher.
6. This provides the researcher a satisfaction and enjoyment in conducting a study.
7. This refers to the question “how much?” in the conduct of the study.
8. This pertains to dangers and harms the researcher may encounter.
9. This can show the main idea as well as the summary of the study at a glance.
10. This suggests “comprehensiveness.”

2
 Lesson
The Research Problem and the
1 Research Title
You may probably observe that you are living in a society where random changes
occur. In a similar way, you may also see that problems are everywhere – from hearing
news in a television or seeing timely posted issues in a social media site up to your
daily common struggles as a student such as a feeling of difficulty in answering a test
or difficulty in transportation going to school and the like. With such circumstances,
we may say that this is how the society where we are living is designed to – we
constantly deal with these inevitable problems by conducting researches and studies
in order to find relevant solutions resulting in a change for improvement.

Now that you have acquired some basic knowledge of Research as a discipline, it is
time for you to step forward by initiating a self-observation of the happenings in the
community where you belong. Your journey in Research continues by looking for a
problem appropriate to your needs, interests, and understanding towards the issue.
Hence, in this part of the module, you will be provided with additional knowledge on
how to design a research project as well as its possible research title relevant to your
daily experiences.

What’s In

Write AGREE ( i n c a p s l o c k ) if the given statement describes the qualitative research and
DISAGREE ( i n c a p s l o c k ) if not. Write your answers in the MSForm that I’ll be
sending.

1. Hannah conducts a study which focuses on the daily life experiences of students
with dyslexia.

2. To identify the participants of the study, Joshua simply employs random

selection technique.

3. In order to solicit responses from the participants, Patricia utilizes the interview
guide as her research instrument.

4. Since the study of Kyle aims to understand the culture of the indigenous people,
he then decides to immerse in their community for certain months.

3
5. Clarisse employs an inductive approach in the conduct of her study.

6. The study of Gerald aims to identify the significant relationship between the
reading habits and the level of reading comprehension skills of the Grade 11
students.

7. To gather the data needed for the study, Paul utilizes an objective type of survey.

8. To study the challenges faced by the COVID-19 patients in the province of Bataan,
Nelson interviews 15 COVID-19 survivors as his research participants.

9. To analyze the gathered data, Oscar employs statistical formula.

10. Michelle carefully observes the emerging themes from the responses she
gathered from the interview to answer her research questions.

4
 Notes to the Teacher

What’s New

Read the short selection below and answer the corresponding questions.

In the Senior High School of Barangay Masigasig, there are four students who are
being admired by others because of their hard work. These students are Carlo,
James, Sarah, and Nica.
Carlo is a consistent top student who is enrolled in Arts and Design track. After
attending his classes, he performs extra work as a dishwasher in a carinderia near
his house. On the other hand, James is an athlete as well as a good leader of the
school who is enrolled in Sports track. He attends his extra work at printing
services once his class hours are done. Meanwhile, Sarah is enrolled in TVL track
and is known as one of the good performers in her class. She sells isaw, balot, and
mani when the clock strikes at 06:00 pm. Lastly, there is Nica of Academic track
who always represents her school in different academic contests. During her free
time, she serves as a tutor of three pupils from different grade levels.

Being active students of their school and showing exceptional determination,

Carlo, James, Sarah, and Nica are tagged as the Masigasig Fantastic Four.

1. Who are the Masigasig Fantastic Four from the selection?

a. Carl, Jake, Myra, and Lyca
b. Carl, James, Myra, and Lyca
c. Carlo, Jake, Sarah, and Nica
d. Carlo, James, Sarah, and Nica

5
2. What is common among the four students?
a. They are all school athletes.
b. They are all working students.
c. They are all taking academic tracks.
d. They are all leaders of school organizations.

3. Why are they called the Masigasig Fantastic Four?

a. because they are hardworking
b. because they are all great leaders
c. because they are passive students
d. because they always represent their school in academic contests

4. What do you think can be the possible common struggle faced by the students in
the selection?
a. lack of focus
b. disrupted study habit
c. time management issue
d. all of the above

5. If you will formulate a research title based on the selection, what would be its
possible focus?
a. life of honor students
b. life of student-athletes
c. life of working students
d. life of struggling readers

6
 What is It

As depicted from the scenario presented in the reading selection, students at their age
can also face different struggles. This further implies that nobody is exempted, that is,
problems which may be represented as a challenge or a difficulty can be possibly
encountered by anyone. Now, as a senior high school student, it is undeniable that
you are encountering problems as well. Perhaps, you may also relate yourself with the
situations of the characters from the selection whose problem may arise from issues
and concerns regarding time management, study habit, motivation, and the like which
later can affect the academic performance.

As a starting student-researcher, you must remember that a situation that brings you
a feeling of discomfort or something that you find as challenging and difficult can be
considered as a source of problem. Such a problem may later help you to design your
study which primary aims are to investigate, explore, and understand the
phenomenon. The findings then can be used to suggest what potential solution may
address the problem.

In this module, you will explore the other sources of a research problem aside from a
situation that brings you discomfort. Moreover, you will also be informed of other
considerations in the selection of a research problem as well as in the formulation of
its possible research title. This phase of your research journey is really important. You
must first secure your problem before you can possibly conduct a study.

The Research Problem

In starting with a research project, the researcher must have a clear problem in mind.
Basically, a research problem refers to a statement that promptly suggests for
conducting an investigation. Moreover, a research problem to be designed must deal
with some concerns in a particular field that may need an improvement or a solution.
The researcher must also observe gaps in existing scholarly literature, theories, and
practices in order to come up with a good and relevant research problem. This
designed problem then will serve as a guide to know what kind of research study will
be most suitable to address the perceived concern.

Sources of Research Problem

There is a need for a socially relevant problem when the researcher will attempt to
conduct a study. Hence, it is said that identifying and designing a research problem is
quite a challenging task.

7
 Familiarity with the potential sources, meanwhile, may help the researcher to come
up with a good research problem. As cited from Sacred Heart University Library
(2020), four (4) varied sources can be considered. These are as follows:

1. Theory. Existing social philosophies and generalizations which the researcher is

familiar with may be of a great help to design a research problem. The researcher
may observe if there is a gap between theory and practice. Difference between what
is said by the elders and what the youngsters see and observe may be a potential
source of a problem.

2. Practitioners. Consultation with the people who have direct experiences in a field of
interest may provide the researcher an idea of what relevant problem he/she may
investigate. Practitioners such as teachers, social workers, health care providers,
etc. are considered to be a good source of problem since they are directly
experiencing difficulties and challenges which are needed to be addressed.

3. Personal experience. Daily experiences can provide the researcher an idea of what
problem that needs a solution. Observation on what is happening in the
community may allow him/her to see the common concerns of people or
institutions which may be subjected for investigation.

4. Relevant literature. An extensive and thorough review of literature and studies

relevant to the problem interest of the researcher may enable him/her to come up
with a potential study. Through reviewing other available researches, the
researcher may be able to determine gaps in knowledge and to subject them for
replication. Thus, a good research problem will be ensured.

Considerations in Formulating the Research Problem

As cited from the book of Cristobal and Cristobal (2017), there are criteria which
should be considered by the researcher in order to arrive with a good research
problem. Here they adopted the proposed criteria of Barrientos-Tan (1997) from the
book entitled A Research Guide in Nursing Education. These are further subdivided into
external and internal criteria.

1. External Criteria

a. Novelty. The research problem must carry “newness.” With this, its practical
value would be easily perceived.

b. Availability of subjects. A research problem, when is subjected to a further

investigation, requires data from the target subjects. Hence, the researcher
must ensure that there will be available participants who are capable of
providing data needed for the study.

8
 c. Support of the academic community. The academic community, which consists of
administrators, teachers, staff, students, and parents, should be considered by
the researcher in what particular problem will be investigated. Each member
plays a vital role in the conduct of the study. Hence, the research problem
should be clearly perceived as beneficial once it is subjected for investigation.
In addition, securing permission among the said members must be done before
conducting the actual data collection procedure.

d. Availability and adequacy of facilities and equipment. Necessary common devices

such as computers and telephones which will be used in undertaking a study
should be considered. Likewise, other needed materials required by the
research problem should be checked if they are available and sufficient.

e. Ethicalconsiderations. A research problem, when is subjected to a study, must not

pose any unethical demands most especially on the part of the research
participants.

2. Internal Criteria

a. Qualifications of the researcher. These pertain to the expertise of the researcher

to the problem. It is important to the researcher that he/she has enough
knowledge and training when the research problem is subjected to further
investigation so as to ensure the success of the undertaking.

b. Motivation and interest of the researcher. The research problem which is in the
interest of the researcher may give him/her satisfaction and enjoyment. Hence,
completion of the research tasks will be efficiently attained.

c. Time factor. A research problem, when is subjected to a study, should suggest to

be time-efficient. With this, the undertaking will be possibly accomplished in a
given time frame.

d. Costs and returns. It is also important that the researcher should consider a
research problem which suggests to be cost-efficient. When it is subjected to a
study, it must not be a sort of an expensive undertaking.

e. Hazards and handicaps. This means that a research problem should not put the
researcher in danger. The proposed study should be safe not only to the
participants but moreover to the researcher himself/herself. Physical and
mental health of the researcher must always be considered.

Research Title

Once the researcher has already had a problem that will be subjected for a study,
he/she may now begin formulating a good research title that will best represent the
problem and the study itself in general. As cited from Sacred Heart University Library

9
(2020), a research title should help the readers to see the main idea as well as the
summary of the whole study. Further, it usually contains fewest possible words that
can bring understanding of the content and the purpose of the study among the
readers.

Characteristics of a Research Title

As commonly observed, a research title is the first one to be read before proceeding to
the other parts of the research paper. Hence, it is really important to know for the
researcher what makes a research title an effective one in order to capture the interest
of the readers towards the problem to be investigated. Here are some of the
characteristics of a research title that the researcher should put into considerations:

1. It should be limited only to substantive words with high consideration to the key
variables such as the phenomenon under investigation, the participants, and the
setting of the study.

2. It should use words that can create a positive impression among the readers. Avoid
using abbreviations as well as some word constructions such as: “method,”
“result,” and “investigation.”

3. It should be in the form of a phrase with correct use of capitalization, that is, the
first letter appeared in the title as well as the first letter of each noun word should
be capitalized.

4. It should be concise by adequately implying the participants and the coverage of

the study.

In addition, a researcher may also put a subtitle which is commonly employed in

social science research papers. This subtitle may be done: (1) to state the scope,
context, and theory under investigation; and (2) to provide a substantive and
appealing literary title.

Examples of Qualitative Research Title

Similar with all other parts of a research paper, the title must be carefully formulated.
Other existing research titles may serve as a basis especially for beginning researchers.
Below are the examples of title in qualitative research:

1. The ‘Need to Transcend’: A Phenomenological Study on the Lived Experiences of

Millennial Teachers (Lacdo-O et al., 2018)

2. The Educated Citizen: Cultural and Gender Capital in the Schooling of Aetas’
Children in the Municipality of Janiuay (Moralista & Delariarte, 2014)

10
3. This Too Shall Pass: A Grounded Theory Study of Filipino Cancer Survivorship
(de Guzman et al., 2012)

4. Local Studies Centers: Transforming History, Culture and Heritage in the

Philippines (Perez & Templanza, 2012)

5. President Rodrigo Roa Duterte’s Political Speeches: A Critical Discourse Analysis

(Remorosa, 2018)

Now that you have already known the considerations in selecting a research problem
and in formulating its corresponding title, there is no doubt that you may begin to
propose a study by clearly indicating the problem with its corresponding title that is
highly relevant to your need, experience, interest, and capability as a student-
researcher.

11
 What’s More

Write YES (in CAPSLOCK) if the given situation from each item indicates good practice in the
selection of the problem or in the formulation of the title and NO (in CAPSLOCK) if not. Write
your answers in the MSForm that I’ll be sending.

1. Harold conducts a study which has already been done in his school with similar
objective and participants.

2. Jessica pursues her study because she observes that there are existing research
gaps in her field of interest.

3. Gerald plans to consult the SPED teachers in his community in order to know
the focus of his study regarding the life of SPED students.

4. Joana secures the approval of the school administrator before subjecting her
perceived problem into a study.

5. The research problem proposed by Ulysses requires more time and may exceed
the target time frame when it is subjected into a study.

6. In the formulation of his research title, Willy includes only essential words and
variables of the study.

7. To make her research title appears brief, April used the abbreviation of a
terminology.

8. Bea capitalizes all the first letters of each word appearing in her research title.

9. Xian includes his participants and the setting of the study in his research title.

10. In order to indicate clearly the context of her study, Olivia used a subtitle.

12
 What I Have Learned

Write the summary of your learnings by surrounding the light bulb with important
ideas you acquired from the lessons. Copy and answer the illustration on your
notebook.

13
 What I Can Do

Formulate one qualitative research title based on the problem perceived in the
illustration below. Your answers will be graded through the provided rubric.

Scoring system Description

10 points Elements such as important variables, participants and
coverage, correct use of capitalization, and appropriate use
of terminology are observed. There is interrelatedness of
the elements.
8 points Lack 1 element. There is interrelatedness of the elements.

6 points Lack 2 elements. There is slight interrelatedness of the

elements.
4 points Lack 3 elements. There is slight interrelatedness of the
elements.
2 point Lack 4 elements. There is no interrelatedness of the
elements.

14
 Assessment

Read each statement carefully. Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct
answer. Write your answers on your notebook.
1. Who is a practitioner?
a. a student
b. a professional
c. a critically ill patient
d. anyone who belongs in a community

2. Which of the following is the most efficient way to determine a research gap?
a. interviewing at least a person
b. immersing oneself in a community
c. reading relevant literature and studies
d. synthesizing ideas from a day-to-day experience

3. What does “novelty” suggest?

a. fairness
b. newness
c. conciseness
d. completeness

4. What criterion in the selection of research problem emphasizes the security and
safety among the participants?
a. novelty
b. time factor
c. ethical considerations
d. availability of equipment

5. Which of the following is an external criterion in the selection of the research

problem?
a. time factor
b. costs and returns
c. availability of subjects
d. interest of the researcher

6. Which of the following is not an internal criterion in the selection of the research
problem?
a. time factor
b. costs and returns
c. qualification of the researcher
d. support of the academic community

15
7. What does “substantive” mean?
a. important
b. subjective
c. interesting
d. researchable

8. Which of the following should be avoided in the formulation of a research title?

a. subtitle
b. key variables
c. incomplete sentence
d. abbreviation of terms

9. Which of the following should always be capitalized in a research title?

a. first letter of a noun
b. first letter of an article
c. first letter of an adjective
d. first letter of a preposition

10. What is not indicated from the given research title below?
“Maninindigan ako”: A Phenomenological Study of the Lived Experiences of Single
Parents
a. setting
b. method
c. participant
d. main variable

16
 Additional Activities

Think of problems (e.g., societal issue) which you can relate to that is contextualized
or related to STEM. Then, formulate three (3) qualitative research title that will seek
to answer the problem being perceived. Write your proposed research title on
a paper/type your answer in MS Word and take a photo of it then upload
it in the MSForm that I’ll be sending.

-The title of your qualitative research should be contextualized or related in your

chosen strand which is STEM.
Ex.

✓ AN ANALYSIS ON THE POST-CRIME BEHAVIORS OF JUVENILE

DELINQUENTS IN DSWD DETENTION HOME

✓ PERSPECTIVE OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS ON THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF PLAY THERAPY ON CHILDREN WITH
AUTISM

-The title should have no adjective and should be at least 10 to 15 words

Your answer will be graded based on this rubric:

Scoring system Description

25 points Elements such as important variables, participants and
coverage, correct use of capitalization, and appropriate use
of terminology are observed. There is interrelatedness of
the elements.
20 points Lack 1 element. There is interrelatedness of the elements.

15 points Lack 2 elements. There is slight interrelatedness of the

elements.
10 points Lack 3 elements. There is slight interrelatedness of the
elements.
5 point Lack 4 elements. There is no interrelatedness of the
elements.

17
 Assessmen
t:
g b
C
What I Can
3
Addition»lActivities: DO°
Answer may 4 b Answel may
C
vary 5 vary.
6 C
7 d
g a
l d
. a
a

VVhat’s What’s 2.
More:
N ’*' 1. prapitioner
2. Whats acad8 n
2.
s- New: Disagree
4- s qualificati
5 ! a d 4 gr
b 5 6.
3 AgrEésag moTrvation
4 a
d
7-
5 Di8agree 9- ard
g. . C
Agree title
Yes
References
Cristobal, Amadeo P., and Cristobal, Maura D. PracticalResearch1forSeniorHigh School.
Quezon City: C&E Publishing, Inc., 2017.

De Guzman, Allan B., et al. “This Too Shall Pass: A Grounded Theory Study of
Filipino Cancer Survivorship.” Last modified October 11, 2012. Accessed June
23, 2020.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0898010112462066

Lacdo-O, Floresa L., et al. “The ‘Need to Transcend’: A Phenomenological Study on

the Lived Experiences of Millennial Teachers.” Last modified September 2018.
Accessed June 23, 2020. http://www.ijsre.com/assets/vol.%2C-11(3)-lacdo-
o-et-al.pdf

Morales, Rome D., and Delariarte, Gabriel C. “The Educated Citizen: Cultural and
Gender Capital in the Schooling of Aetas’ Children in the Municipality of
Janiuay.” Last modified March 2014. Accessed June 23, 2020.
http://apjeas.apjmr.com/wp-content/uploadS/2014/04/APJEAS-2014-1-
002.pdf

Perez, Martin Julius V., and Templanza, Mariel R. “Local Studies Centers:
Transforming History, Culture and Heritage in the Philippines.” Last modified
May 31, 2012. Accessed June 23, 2020. https://www.ifla.org/past-
wlic/2012/180-perez-en.pdf

Remorosa, Roxan R. “President Rodrigo Roa Duterte’s Political Speeches: A Critical

Discourse Analysis.” Last modified August 10, 2018. Accessed June 23, 2020.
http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-
jhss/papers/Vol.%2023%20Issue8/Version-2/I2308027287.pdf

Sacred Heart University Library. “Organizing Academic Research Papers:

Choosing a Title.” Accessed June 23, 2020.
https://library.sacredheart.edu/c.phP?G=29803&p=185911#:~:text=Definiti
on,purpose%20of%20your%20research%20paper.

Sacred Heart University Library. “Organizing Academic Research Papers: The

Research Problem/Question.” Accessed June 23, 2020.
https://library.sacredheart.edu/c.phP?G=29803&p=185918

19
 To all my dear PR1 students under the Modular Learning Modality:

Best Day! Welcome to Module 5 of PR1: “The Research Problem and

the Research Title”.

In this Module you are expected to run through all the pages and section to
understand and develop mastery of the lesson. Although you are only
required to answer the following activity:

✓ What’s In
✓ What’s More
✓ Additional Activities

You will be answering these activities through MS FORMS. I will be

posting/assigning it on April 19, 2021 (Monday) before 8:00 AM on our
MSTEAM, I’ll be creating one and you’ll be added to it. Answers should be
turned in on or before April 23, 2021 (Friday) at 4PM.

Should you have any questions or you need consultation with your target
problem you may message/chat me in the GROUP CHAT in FB
MESSENGER that I’ll be creating. All announcements and updates will be
posted in Messenger it will also serve as our mode of communication since
it’s more accessible in your chosen learning modality. However, all
requirements, quizzes, learning materials, files and answers in module will
be posted and submitted in our MSTEAMS.

Happy Learning! ^_^

Thank You! and God Bless!

Love,

Ma’am Leigh

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102