Cavite Mutiny

Group 3| 2AD3

February 2020
Background of the Study
Cavite Mutiny was caused by the Filipino soldiers & laborers because they were forced to work without
receiving any benefits or salary. Their privileges have been removed by the Spaniards that provoked them to
start a Mutiny. Other than that, the involvement of the GOMBURZA to this issue made this Mutiny more
Intriguing to both Fililpino and Spaniards. GOMBURZA is the surname initials of the three priests which are
Mariano GOmez, Jose BUrgos, and Jacinto Zamora. They are well known figures of secularization movement
which is to reduce the powers of friars in the country. During this time, church and state are not separated
from each other that is why a lot of Filipino believed that Spaniards took this opportunity to kill the 3 priests
by accusing them as the leaders of this Mutiny.

The study explains the perspective on both Spaniards and Filipino’s side regarding the Cavite Mutiny story.
The writer would like to explain both Spaniards' perspective & the Filipino version of the incident about the
Cavite Mutiny by making a chart with two columns that contains the different stories aligned to its
contradicting side and too compared and analyzed easily. For analyzing this research, the writers use articles
online by collecting all information to support the writer's ideas in the analysis.
 Findings of the Study: Spanish Perspective
● Jose Montero y Vidal, a Spanish historian that documented the event and
emphasized that the Mutiny was an attempt to overthrow the Spanish government
in the Philippines. His report and the report of Governor-general Rafael Izquierdo
supported each other's claims only that the general's report was more intensified.
● The two accounts of the Spaniards insisted that the mutiny was planned earlier, and
was a big conspiracy among educated leaders, lawyers, and many prominent
Filipinos.
● Gov. Izquierdo's report to the King of Spain that the rebels wanted to overthrow
the Spanish government to install a new "hari.”
● According to the Spaniards’ accounts, the district of Sampaloc celebrated the feast
of the Virgin of Loreto on January 20, 1872. The residents mistaken the fireworks
for an assault and, just as agreed on, Sergeant Lamadrid's 200 men's contingent
launched the attack against Spanish officers and seized the arsenal.
Findings of the Study: Spanish Perspective

Gov. Rafael Izquierdo y Gutiérrez José Montero y Vidal

 Findings of the Study: Filipino Perspective
● Dr. Trinidad Hermenigildo Pardo de Tavera, A filipino scholar,
documented the filipino side of the incident in which he states that the
mutiny was nothing more than a simple mutiny caused by dissatisfaction
by the loss of their privileges
● Tavera believed that spanish friars and Izquierdo used this mutiny as
leverage by making it seem like it was a full blown conspiracy against
the spanish.
● In the aftermath of the incident those who took part in the mutiny that
were caught were imprisoned for life, while members of the local
clergy head by GOMBURZA were executed by garrote. This led to
awakening of our nationalism and the eventual philppine revolution
Findings of the Study: Filipino Perspective

Dr. Trinidad Hermenigildo Pardo

de Tavera
Content & Context Analysis
Mutiny (Noun)  \ ˈmyü-tə-nē \
:is a forcible or passive resistance
to lawful authority especially.
crack down( verb) \ ˈkrak-ˌdau̇n \
:to take positive regulatory or
disciplinary action.

Subversion (noun)\ səb-
ˈvər-zhən \ Burgeoning (adjective) \ ˈbər-jə-niŋ
\
:e act of subverting : the state of
being subverted especially : a : growing, expanding, or developing
systematic attempt to overthrow rapidly.
or undermine a government or
political system by persons
working secretly from within.
Content & Context Analysis
January 20, 1872- Fort San Felipe, a Spanish
arsenal in Cavite had an uprising of military
personnel which is called the Cavite Mutiny.
However the Mutiny was unsuccessful hence
government soldiers executed the participants
and began to bust any nationalist movement.
It was believed by scholars as the start of
Filipino nationalism and has led to the
Philippine revolution of 1896. This reflected
Filipino military personnel in Cavite
12 events that changed and influenced the
Philippine History.
Content & Context Analysis
12 Events That Have Influenced Philippine History
1. Magellan Expedition
2. Legazpi Expedition
3. Philippines Opened To World Trade
4. The Cavite Mutiny
5. Founding of the Katipunan
6. The Battle of Manila Bay
7. Establishment of American Civil Government
8. The Jones Law
9. Tydings-McDuffie Law
10. The War in the Pacific
11. Proclamation of Philippine Independence
12. The Hukbalahap Movement
Content & Context Analysis
Because of the Mutiny of soldiers, the Spanish
colonial authorities searched for possible rebels
that would resist their reign which leads to;
17 February 1872- Bagumbayan in Manila,
Philippines, the Spanish colonial authorities
executed the 3 priests (in acronym) GOMBURZA
on charges of subversion arising from the 1872
Cavite mutiny. Their execution affected the
(illustration)GOMBURZA execution by
Filipinos to push through the Philippine revolution garrote- a method of capital punishment
of Spanish origin in which an iron collar is
and inspired the National hero, José Rizal, of his tightened around a condemned person's
El filibusterismo. neck until death.
Content & Context Analysis
GOMBURZA
(GOM- ) Gómez, Mariano
(-BUR-) Burgos, José Apolonio
(-ZA) Zamora, Jacinto
born on August 2, 1799 at Santa Cruz
Manila by Marina Guard and
Francisco Gomez, he was designated
as head priest in Cavite in 1824
was a Filipino mestizo secular priest.
He was born on February 9 1837 by
Florencia Garcia and Don Jose
Burgos in Vigan Ilocos Sur. He was
executed along with Mariano Gomez
and Jacinto Zamora.
born August 14, 1835 in Manila. He
was placed in a mock trial and
summarily executed in Manila along
with two other clergymen. He was a GOMBURZA- (from left) Jose Apolonio
Roman Catholic priest. Burgos, Mariano Gomez, Jacinto Zamora
Content & Context Analysis
SPANISH PERSPECTIVE FILIPINO PERSPECTIVE

Jose Montero Y Vidal Dr Trinidad Hermeneildo de Taver

A prolific Spanish historian documented the event A Filipino scholar and researcher, wrote the Filipino
and highlighted the scenes that took place version

The Indios attempted to overthrow the Spanish A mutiny among Filipino soldiers and laborers
Government
Content & Context Analysis
SPANISH PERSPECTIVE
Gen. Izquierdo's abolition of the privileges of
Filipino workers, such as paying tribute and
exempting forced labour, were the main reasons for
the revolution.
The presence of the native clergy who, out of
animosity against the Spanish friars, "conspired and
supported" the rebels and the enemy of Spain. the
rebels wanted to overthrow the Spanish Sovereignty
to install a new "hari" in the likes of Fathers Burgos
and Zamora.
FILIPINO PERSPECTIVE
Gen. Izquierdo’s cold-blooded policies and Native
Filipino soldiers experienced racial discrimination
while the Spanish armed forces received the
opposite. Ban on the founding of the Filipino School
of Arts and Trade.
There were no clergy involved in the revolution. Yet
clergy members are actively participating in the
secularization movement in order to allow the
Filipino priests to take over the parishes in the
country, making them the prey of the Spanish friars.
Content & Context Analysis
SPANISH PERSPECTIVE
On 20 January 1872, the district of Sampaloc
celebrated the feast of the Virgin of Loreto, which
was celebrated with the usual firework display.
Those in Cavite mistook the fireworks as a sign for
the attack.
The event in 1872 was a great conspiracy of
educated leaders, mestizos, lawyers or native
lawyers, residents of Cavite and Manila, and native
clergy to liquidate high-ranking Spanish officers to
be followed by the massacre of the friars.
FILIPINO PERSPECTIVE
On January 20, 1872, about 200 men were soldiers
and arsenal workers, and the residents of Cavite,
headed by Sgt. La Madrid, rose in arms and
murdered in sight the commanding officer and the
Spanish officers. They were expecting support from
a large part of the army, but none of them came.
News of mutiny reached the authorities in Manila
and Gen. Izquierdo immediately ordered the
reinforcement of the Spanish troops in Cavite and
the mutiny was subdued in two days. In the battle, La
Madrid was killed.
Content & Context Analysis
SPANISH PERSPECTIVE
Finally, on 17 February 1872, to instill fear among
the Filipinos that they might never commit such a
crime again, GOMBURZA executed the head of the
native clergy through strangulation. Patriots and
other lawyers were suspended from the practice of
law by the Audencia (High Court), arrested and
sentenced to life in prison at Marianas Island.
Izquierdo dissolved the native artillery regiments
and ordered the creation of an artillery force to be
composed exclusively of the Peninsulares.
This event was tragic, but it served as one of the
moving forces that shaped Filipino nationalism.
FILIPINO PERSPECTIVE
Finally, the convicted educated men who participated
in the mutiny were sentenced to life imprisonment or
forced into hard labour. While the native clergy
assumed by the Spanish friars to be led by Father
Gomez, Burgos and Zamora, later named
GOMBURZA, were tried and executed by the
garrote.
This event led to the awakening of nationalism and
eventually to the outbreak of the Philippine
Revolution of 1896.
 Conclusion
Both the Spanish and Filipino faces have evident similarities
● Workers of the arsenal and members of the native army had their privileges drawn
back by Gen. Izquierdo.
● He governed in a very rigid way
● The Central Government did not conduct a thorough investigation on the occurrence
●Evidences were the reports from the general, the friars & the opinion of the public
● For Filipino priests to manage parishes in the country, clergy members participated in
the secularization movement, which made them a prey to the friars’ rage.
● The execution of the GOMBURZA brought ill-feelings to the Filipinos, which inspired
Filipino patriots to take action and to call for independence.
 Conclusion
● Cavite Mutiny was the awakening of nationalism of the Filipinos, the beginning of the
Philippine revolution in its entirety.
● Gomburza’s death solidified the nascent nationalism to which many felt
● The Katipunan, in addition to Rizal, also became emboldened by the liberal ideas that
propelled their unintended martyrdom

Today, we learn about our country’s revolution in the simplest way possible. We may have
been taught about the books written by Jose Rizal which were dedicated to the Gomburza,
but not putting importance to it. As students and Filipinos, we must practice nationalism in
the correct way, especially today where we are challenged. This way, we appreciate our
independence in order to have a better future ahead of us.