Internet

Internet stands for international Network.

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Internet is a worldwide network of computers that allow public to share the information globally.
Internet was developed by Vinton Cerf & Robert E. Kahn. TCP/IP is the backbone of internet.

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Internet Standard Organization
There are many organizations that are responsible for smooth operation of internet such as
ISOC (Internet Society)
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(1) IAB (Internet Architecture Board)

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(2) ITEF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
(3) IESG (Internet Engineering steering Group)

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World's First Operational Network
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APPANET (Advance Research Project Agency Network) was the first network developed by US
department of defence for military purpose.

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WWW (World Wide Web)
It was developed by Tim Berners Lee in 1989.
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It is a vast collection of information of Hyperlink Hypertext document called webpage.
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Difference between Homepage,Webpage and Website.

Homepage
It is the first page or default page of every website.
Webpage
It is a collection of information such as text, image, audio and video.
Website
It is a collection of webpage.
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Backbone of WWW is HTTP.

Hyperlink and Hypertext
Hyperlink : It is a link i.e. used to navigate from one webpage to another page.
Hypertext : It is the text which contain hyperlink.
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Web pages are written in HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). HTML is a scripting Language
that written in Notepad and Notepad is a text editor.
File extension of HTML is .HTML/.htm
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)
It is the main international standard organisation for www.

Internet Equipment’s
ISP (Internet Service Provider)
ISP is a company that provide internet services to the public such as MTNL, BSNL, Airtel, Idea
etc.

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Internet Services was launched by VSNL (Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited) for the first time in
India.

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First Private Internet Service Provider : Satyam infoway
MTNL (Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited)
BSNL (Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited)
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Browser
It is a software that allow the user to access the information on www.
First Browser was World Wide Web and Later it renamed by Nexus.

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First Graphical Web Browser : MOSAIC
First Web Browser from India: EPIC
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Successful Browser : Netscape Navigator

Some other Browser that we are using IE (Internet Explorer), MS Edge, Safari, Opera, Google

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chrome, MozillaFirefox, UC Browser etc.
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MODEM
Modem stands for Modulation/Demodulation i.e. used to convert Analog Signal to Digital Signal
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and Digital Signal to analog signal.

Modem is require for connect to the internet through telephone line.
Modem provide a link between ISP and Browser
First commercial modem made for converting digital computer data to analog signal by AT&T-
DATAPHONE.

Internet Access Method

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Dialup Connection
This connection use PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) to establish a connection by
dialing a number on telephone line to the ISP. It was very Slowest Internet Connection. Speed of
this network provides 56 kbps or lower than 56 kbps (Kilo bits per second).
ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network)
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This connection provides faster speed and better quality than dialup connection. Speed of this
network provides 64 kbps-128 kbps.
Leased Line
Leased Line is a dedicated fixed bandwidth and symmetric data connection. This connection are
used by business group to connect large geographically distant offices.
DSL(Digital Subscriber Line)
Broadband connection use DSL for High bandwidth connection. DSL connection are:
• SDSL (Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line)
• ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)

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• R-ADSL (Rate-Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line)
• VDSL (Very High bit rate DSL)

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Wireless Internet Access
It connect devices like Laptop, Mobile Phone, tablet wirelessly without physical connection.
Mobile Network
Mobile or cellular technology used different generation for connect with internet such as
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1G/2G/3G/4G (LTE-Long Term Evolution).

Search Engine

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Search Engine is a website that allow you to search address of desired information from www.
First search engine was created by Alan Emtage -ARCHIE
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Top most popular search engine:

Google, Bing, Yahoo, Ask.com, AOL.com, Baidu, DuckDuckGo, Chacha.com

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Some other search engine are:
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Rediff, MSN, AltaVista, Meta, Deltasarch, Lycos
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Domain Name
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Domain Name used in URL (Uniform Resource Locator) to identify particular website.
Domain name provide an easy way to remember internet address.
DNS (Domain Name System)- DNS is used to convert domain name into IP address.
Types of Domain
.com Commercial Purpose
.org Organisation
.gov government
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.mil Military
.ac Academic
.net Network
.biz Business
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.pro Professional
.nic National Informatics Centre
.info Information
.co.in Corporate in India.
Country Domain
.in India
.pk Pakistan
.cn China
.uk United Kingdom

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.au Australia

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.ca Canada
.jp Japan

URL(Uniform Resource Locator)

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It is a way to locate the resource of file or document on internet. URL define the address of file

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on internet has unique address.
URL contain various parts
https//www.google.com

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Https - Hypertext transfer protocol secure
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www-Indicate of any website on internet

google - Name of website

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.com - Types of domain
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goole.com - Domain Name
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E-Mail (Electronic Mail)
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Email services allow to user so that they can stand text, images and audio to another user in any
place of world. It is used for writinga letter.
Inventor of Email - VA Shiva Ayyadurai
First email was written by Ray Tomlinson and he also given the concept of @ symbol i.e. part
of email.
Email Based on "Store & Forward Model.

Message envelope (To, cc, Bcc)

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To : Main Receiver of Email (Response Expected)

CC: Carbon Copy (Where writer inform publically about the message, “cc” field can see
everyone's email address under “To” field but cannot see the address of “Bcc” field.
Bcc : Build Carbon Copy (for hiding the particular person's address)
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Netiquette
Net+attequite (A set of guidelines that should be followed for sending email).
Components of EMAIL
Compose email: When we create a new email.
Inbox: Where email message have received successfully
Draft: Email which are saved automatically for future.
Outbox: Email which we have sent but failed.
Sent: Email which have sent successfully.

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Spam: Unwanted email, Junk email, Malicious email or Unsolicited email

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Trash: Deleted email goes to the trash.
Starred: Email which are labelled with a Yellow star for easily find them later.
Achieve: Email can be accessed quickly at a later date
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Cookies

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Cookies are browsing information which you have visited before and these information stored in
browser's catch memory.
Bookmark

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Bookmark is a URL or saved Link i.e. stored for later retrieval easily.
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Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing work as a portable storage. Cloud Computing is used for sharing the data and
accessing the resources over the internet instead of computer's memory such as Hard disk drive,

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Pen Drive, CD, DVD etc. We can use the cloud computing on own demand.
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Example: Officeonline, Google Drive, Dropbox etc.
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