Introduction

to
Research Process
Research
 comes from the prefix “re” which means
repeat or redo, and the root word
“search” which means to find or to look
for.

 from the etymology of this word,

research literally means “to repeatedly
look for something which had been in
existence before”
 is the key to progress. It is believed that
there can be no progress without
research.
 is viewed as the power that leads to
discover answers to problems. And as
one tries to find solutions to problems, in
the process, problems again arise, thus,
making research a continuous process.
Business Research
 is a field of practical study in which a
company or industry obtains data and
analyzes it in order to better manage the
company.

 may include financial data analysis,

consumer feedback, product research,
and competitive analysis.
 a process that entails studying all aspects
of a company, its customers and the
market, then using that information to
make sound business decisions. It is any
 research done when starting or running a
business.

Executives and
Managers
conduct business research methods to
 better understand their company
 hold its position in the market
 improve its position

Purposes of Research
1. To discover new facts about known
phenomena;
2. To find answers to problems which are only
partially solved by existing methods and
information;
3. To discover previously unrecognized
substances and elements;
4. To provide basis for decision making in
business, industry, education, government,
and other undertakings;
5. To satisfy the researcher’s curiosity;
6. To find answers to queries by means of
scientific method;
6. To acquire deeper and better
understanding about a phenomenon;
6. To verify or expand existing knowledge;
and
6. To improve the educational practices for
raising quality of school products.
 Characteristics of Good
Research
1. Research employs quantitative or statistical
methods

 Data are transferred into numerical measures

and are treated statistically to determine their
significance and usefulness.

2. Research is an original work

 Except for historical research, data are gathered

from primary sources or first-hand sources and
not from secondary sources.
3. Research is an accurate investigation

 Every research must be done accurately so that

the findings will lead to the formulation of a
scientific generalization.

4.Research is a patient and unhurried activity

to ensure accuracy
 Research that is hurriedly done or conducted
carelessly due to racing against time may lead to
shaky conclusions and generalizations.
5. Research requires an effort-making capacity

 No research can be conducted without exertion

of much effort. It involves work and time.

6.Research requires courage

 The researcher oftentimes undergoes hazards,

discomforts, and the like. At times, the researcher
encounters public and social disapprovals. Also,
disagreements with colleagues arises.

The Research Process

1. Develop an Idea

 Identifying the sources of research ideas, how

these ideas develop and what specific topic the
 researcher has to choose. This is also known as
the conceptualization stage.

2. Problem Definition

 Translating the idea or concept into observable

units. This includes activities such as:
identification and definition of research
variables; development of conceptual framework,
and formulation of problems.
3. Development of an Approach to the Problem

 Identifying the methods and procedures to be

used in collecting and analyzing data. This
employs the research methodology, selection of
respondents, development of instrument, and
procedure of data collection and analysis.

4.Fieldwork or Data Collection

 Gathering the target respondents using various

techniques in the most efficient and effective
way.
5. Data Preparation and Analysis
 Conversion of data into meaningful information
including graphs, tables, figures, illustrations, etc.

6.Report Preparation and Presentation 

 Known as the communication phase of research.

Researcher has to prepare the written and oral
report of the study, either for publication or
presentation for the oral committee.

Writing Preliminaries

Guidelines in Writing
the Title
1. Generally, the title is formulated before
the start of the research work. It may be
revised or refined later if there is a need.
 2. The title must contain the subject
matter of the study, the population, and
the period when the data were gathered
or will be gathered.

Example:
Effect of Personal Consumption on Savings
of the SLSU BSBA-FM Students for AY 2019-
2020
3. It must be as brief and concise as
possible.

Example:
WRONG: The Profitability, Stability and
Liquidity of Rural Bank of Lucban, Inc. for
the Years 2015-2020

CORRECT: The Financial Sustainability of

Rural Bank of Lucban, Inc.
 4. Avoid using the following terms:

 “An Analysis…”
 “An Investigation of…”
 “A Study of…”

5. If title contains more than one line, it

must be written like an inverted
pyramid, all words in capital letters.

Example:
             The Impact of Microfinance to the
Households in
                                        Quezon Province
Example
Formulate the title
Aim/Purpose : To determine the status
Subject Matter : The teaching of Business
Management
Place or Locale : State Universities in
Metro Manila
Period or Time : Academic Year 2019-
2020
Population : The respondents are
implied to be
professors or students or both

 THE TEACHING OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT IN

STATE UNIVERSITIES IN METRO MANILA

Identifying Variables
 Variable is something whose value or
name or property or characteristic,
which is yet to be known is sought for by
the research.
 It is anything that may change or may be
changed from one condition to another,
either qualitatively or quantitatively.
Independent Variable
 It is anything, condition, or process
which is controlled and manipulated by
the experimenter and applied on
another thing, condition or process
(dependent variable) intended to have or
produce a change in or reaction from the
latter.
Dependent Variable
 It is anything, condition, or process
exposed to or upon which treatments or
actions from the independent variable
are applied.
  The response of or change in the
dependent variable is measured and
some statistical methods are applied to
determine the effects of the
independent or experimental variable.
Intervening Variable
Example
Identify the Variables

Effect of Personal Consumption on Savings

of the SLSU BSBA-FM Students for AY
2019-2020

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
Personal Consumption of SLSU BSBA-FM
students
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
Savings of SLSU BSBA-FM students
Title Page
Font Times New Roman
Font Size 12
Margin Vary per side
Page Number None
Biographical Sketch /
Curriculum Vitae
A document that gives detailed information
about researcher’s academic and
professional accomplishments.
Approval Sheet
Page where the oral defense committee
members sign their names after the
successful defense of the study.

Write the first name, middle initial, last

name, and the highest degree of the oral
committee members.
Example:   ROSEMARIE O. NOMBREFIA,
MBA
Acknowledgement Page
This is where the researcher expresses
his/her gratitude to everyone who in one
way or another had influence him.

ONLY include the following (in order):

1. Researcher Adviser
2. Oral Defense Committee / Panel
3. Company
4. Manager / Head
5. Respondents

Table of Contents
Lists down the components of the paper,
the introduction, other preliminaries, the
five chapters of the study with their
numbers and titles, the appendix, and the
bibliography with their respective numbers.

Table of Contents
Lists down the components of the paper,
the introduction, other preliminaries, the
five chapters of the study with their
numbers and titles, the appendix, and the
bibliography with their respective numbers.
Abstract
Summary of the research paper that contains
objectives of the study or area of investigation,
a brief description of the research
methodology, and a condensed summary of the
major findings and conclusions.

Written in block format, double spaced, single

paragraph. It should contain 150 to 250 words
only.