WHAT CAN I DO?

Answer the following question below.

1. Explain the types of research in different field of study and give some example of it.

Action research

Action research refers to examining actions, assessing their effectiveness in bringing about the desired
outcome and choosing a course of action based on those results. It is typically used in educational
settings for teachers and principals to perform a type of self-assessment and course correction.

Example: A teacher collects data about their methods of teaching fifth-grade math. At the end of the
first school quarter, they discovered only 33% of students demonstrated proficiency in the concepts. As
a result, the teacher implements new methods for the second quarter.

Causal research

Causal research, also called explanatory research, seeks to determine cause and effect relationships
between variables. It identifies how much one variable may cause a change in the other. Causal research
is important for evaluating current processes and procedures and determining if and how changes
should take place.

Example: A business studies employee retention rates before and after instituting a work-from-home
policy after six months of employment to see if the approach increases employee retention.

Classification research

Classification research seeks to identify and classify individual elements of a group into larger groups or
subgroups.

Example: Researchers study an animal species, placing them in defined categories based on shared
characteristics, such as:

Comparative research

Comparative research identifies similarities and differences between two individuals, subjects or groups.

Example: A business owner reviews new hire training documentation and discovers that new employees
receive much of the same information at orientation and in their initial departmental training. The
owner incorporates materials into one session to allow more time for department-specific training.
Cross-sectional research

Cross-sectional, or synchronous, research studies a group or subgroup at one point in time. Participants
are generally chosen based on specific shared characteristics, such as age, gender or income, and
researchers examine the similarities and differences within and between groups. The group is often used
as a representation of a larger population.

Example: A company researches the sales techniques of its top 10% of salespeople and compares them
to those of its bottom 10%. This gives the company insights into the most successful and least successful
sales methods.

Deductive research

Deductive, or theory-testing, research is the opposite of inductive research and moves from the broad
to the specific. Researchers choose a hypothesis and test its accuracy through experimentation or
observation.

Example: Researchers observed that 12 international corporations enacted in-house carbon emissions
standards in the same year. They use deductive research to compare global emissions levels before and
after the measures were enacted.

Exploratory research

Exploratory research examines what is already known about a topic and what additional information
may be relevant. It rarely answers a specific question but instead presents the foundational knowledge
of a subject as a precursor to further research. Often, exploratory research is applied to lesser-known
issues and phenomena.

Example: You may consider what is currently known about the success of yearlong maternity and
paternity leave programs. Your research includes gathering all relevant information and compiling it in
an accessible format that wasn't available previously. Your findings may reveal gaps in knowledge,
leading to additional studies in the future.

Field research

Field research occurs wherever the participants or subjects are or "on location." This type of research
requires onsite observation and data collection.
Example: A manufacturing plant hires an environmental engineering firm to test the air quality at the
plant to ensure it complies with federal health and safety requirements. The researchers travel to the
plant to collect samples.

Fixed research

Fixed research involves procedures determined ahead of time, such as how often testing will take place,
where it will take place, the number of subjects and their types. The research depends on precise
conditions and compliance with predetermined protocols to reduce variables. Experimentation is often
fixed research.

Example: A researcher wants to test how different labels affect consumers' ratings of a sports drink.
Participants are given the same drink with various labels at the same time and take a survey about taste
and overall impressions. The timing of providing each drink and the subsequent surveys are critical to
the study's validity.

Flexible research

Grounded theory studies: Grounded theory studies are designed to develop theories based on carefully
collected and analyzed data.

Example: A physician uses a case study methodology to follow a patient through symptoms, treatment
and recovery.

Inductive research

Inductive research, also known as theory-building research, collects data that may help develop a new
theory about a process or phenomenon. It examines observations and patterns and offers several
hypotheses to explain these patterns. Inductive research is often the first step in theory generation and
may lead to additional research, such as deductive research, to further test possible hypotheses.

Example: Researchers observed that worldwide emissions declined when 12 international corporations
enacted in-house carbon emissions standards in the same year. The researchers theorize that worldwide
emissions can be reduced significantly if international corporations impose in-house emissions
standards.
2. Complete the paragraph below.

As a/ an student of ( Year/ Strand / name of school ) I want to research about the relationship between
students and a teacher in class . Because as the students researcher analyze the finding, having a
good relationship of teacher and students it encourage themselves to go school and it serve as
their motivation to do their best in class. We found out also that the teacher guides them in their
studies even outside the classroom.

Assessment
IDENTIFICATIONS: To assess your understanding the topic you have read and identify the following
sentence below. Write your answer on the space provided.

CORRELATION 1. Test for the relationship between two things . Conducted on the minimum of the two
groups

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 2. Seeks to answers question about why and how people behave in the way
that they do.

BASIC 3. Fundamental or pure research

ACTION RESEARCH 4. Wide variety of evaluative , investigative , and analytical research method design
to diagnose problems or weakness

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH 5. Explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analyzed
using mathematically based methods

WHAT'S MORE?

A. Describe the following:

Qualitative research

Qualitative research is a process of naturalistic inquiry that seeks an in-depth understanding of social
phenomena within their natural setting. It focuses on the "why" rather than the "what" of social
phenomena and relies on the direct experiences of human beings as meaning-making agents in their
every day lives
Kinds of qualitative research

Phenomenological Method (deriving from phenomena)

Ethnographic Model.

Grounded Theory Method.

Case Study Model.

Historical Model.

Narrative Model.

Characteristics of qualitative research

Qualitative researchers generally collect their own research data through participant observation,
documentation, or direct interviews with participants. These researchers generally do not use
instruments or questionnaires made by other researchers, because they are the only key to the study

Strengths and weaknesses

It's a time-consuming process

You can't verify the results of qualitative research

It's a labor-intensive approach

It's difficult to investigate causality

Qualitative research is not statistically representative.

E. Explain the importance of qualitative research across field

The purpose of quanlitative research is to attain greater knowledge and understanding of the social
world. Researchers use quanlitative methods to observe situations or events that affect people.
Quanlitative research produces objective data that can be clearly communicated through statistics and
numbers.

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

I understand that....

Qualitative research is important to understand what qualitative research is an approach used largely
in the social sciences to explore social interactions, systems and processes. It provides an in depth
understanding of the ways people come to understand, act and manage their day-to-day situations in
particular settings. The kinds of it are the ways people come to understand, act and manage their day-
to-day situations in particular settings.It has the characteristics, instruments or questionnaires made by
other researchers, because they are the only key to the study It is strength are / is limitation .And
weaknesses is /are not statistically representative.Lastly the importance of qualitative research across
field study is knowledge and understanding of the social world. Researchers use quanlitative methods to
observe situations or events that affect people.

ASSESSMENT

A. IDENTIFICATION:

Direction: to assess your understanding the topic you have read and identify the following sentence
below. Write your answer on the space provided.

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 1. Resembles conversation

OBSERVATION ENTAILS 2. Systematic noting / recording events, behavior , or artifacts ( objects) the
social setting

CONTENT ANALYSIS3. Interpreting and coding textual material

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 4. Demands immersion in the natural setting of the participant

FREEWHEELING 5. Discussion is freewheeling

STRENGTH 6. Can offer the best light on or best answer to certain phenomena

SYNTEMATIC 7. Immersed is the actual experience to get much data

STRENGTH AND WEAKNESES 8. Personal self and researchers self are inseparable, thus, subjectivity can
happen

OBSERVATION INTERVIEW 9. Observe interview documentation emails blog videos etc

STUDY 10. Provide visual record of events

B. ENUMERATION

Enumerate the Importance of Qualitive Research across the field

11. conducting interviews and focus groups, during which people retell their experiences, thoughts and
actions

12. observing people in their own settings;

13.analyzing documents from government reports to personal diaries

14.analyzing conversations as contained in documents, speeches, interviews

15.describe the nature of what exists and how it is experienced by those in it help us understand the
experience of having a long-term claim