Smart Grid Control For RES Penetration Into On-Grid and Off-Grid Solutions

Smart Grid control for RES penetration into
on-grid and off-grid solutions
G. G. Moshi
Department of Electrical Engineering

Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology (DIT)
Advanced Training Course: Integration of renewable energy solutions in the

Mediterranean electricity markets, Politecnico di Milano, 18th November, 2016
G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 1

Outline
1 The Smart Grid

2 Control Issues
3 Tanzania:The National Grid System
4 Tanzania: RES Potential
5 Why Need Smart Grid Control?
6 On-grid solutions
7 Off-grid solutions
8 Observations on System Control
9 Conclusion

What is smart grid?
It is critical for us to understand the complete view of a smart grid.

Definition of Smart Grid
Electricity network that can intelligently integrate the ac-
tions of all users connected to it - generators, consumers and
those that do both - in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, eco-
nomic and secure electricity supplies (IET).
Automated, widely distributed energy delivery network char-

acterized by a two-way flow of electricity and information, ca-
pable of monitoring and responding to changes in everything
from power plants to customer preferences to individual appliances
(IEEE).
Electricity delivery system (from point of generation to point

of consumption) integrated with communications and informa-
tion technology(IEEE).
Smart Grid: Electricity networks, Generators, Loads, Au-

tomation, Intelligence, Control, and Communications.

Main Goals of Smart Grid
Integration of conventional and renewable energy based technolo-

gies and information and communications technology;
Seamless and efficient operation for electricity generation, trans-
mission, distribution, delivery, and end-use;
Enable two way power flow with communication and control;
Facilitate demand side management (DSM) and involvement of

demand response in the operation of electric power system;
Accommodate growth in electricity demand while minimizing the
provision of new network capacity;
Improve system reliability, quality and security of supply;
Foster market integration.

Control Issues
Control is a key enabling technology for optimal deployment of

renewable energy sources (RES).
Advanced control techniques for high-performance and reliable op-

eration.
Efficient control strategies: increased performance and number of
operational hours (reduce the Cost/kWh produced).
Response to grid disturbances.

Active power control and frequency regulation.
Reactive power control and voltage regulation.
Restoration of grid services after power outages.

RES Integration
Change the way power system was designed to operate.
RESs are inherently stochastic in nature due to their dependence

on local weather conditions.
Do not use the conventional large synchronous generators.
Energy Storage System (ESS) required to ensure operational flex-

ibility and stability.
Introduces strong interdependence between capacity planning prob-

lem and long-term operation problem.

Tanzania:The National Grid System

RES Potential in Tanzania: Mini-hydro, PV, Wind
141 hydro
sites 7 wind
sites and
over 5000
MW
geothermal
potential!

Geothermal Potential in Tanzania
More than
15 potential
sites

Hydropower Priority Sites Tanzania
141 hydro
sites, 88
sites
capacity less
than 1 MW,
53 sites
capacity is
between 1
and 10
MW.

Biomass Priority Sites in Tanzania
310 sites
capacity
between
100 and 500
kW.

Generation and Transmission Plan Year 2035

RES on grid penetration: Observations

I Tanzania has huge potential in renewable energy resources which is
untaped

untaped
I On-grid penetration of RESs is inevitable due to the need to:
1 Minimize climate change problems,
2 Reduce dependent on fossil fuels,
3 Create a balanced and diversified generation plan with a greater share
of renewable energy sources,
4 Enhance energy security,
5 Generate new economic opportunities, and
6 Widen access to energy services

untaped
I Renewable energy requires more grid capacity (include RES in capacity
planning models)

untaped
planning models)
I Note: Current installed capacity is 1.5 GW, additional of 9 GW is
required by 2035 of which coal 41%, hydro 35%, oil and gas 21%

untaped
planning models)
I Note: Current installed capacity is 1.5 GW, additional of 9 GW is
required by 2035 of which coal 41%, hydro 35%, oil and gas 21%
I Hydro will be the main from of RE technology for on-grid integration,
subject to drought! How about Storage Techniques, Large scale PV, and WT?
Why Need Smart Grid Control?
It is necessary to employ smart grid control in order to


I Overcome limitations of traditional power system management tech-
niques,


niques,
I Increase efficiency,


niques,
I Minimize power disruption and blackouts,


niques,
I Reduce maintenance response time,


niques,
I Enable use of advanced protection and coordination techniques to min-
imize cost and time required to localize faults,


niques,
I Minimize losses (technical and non technical),


niques,
I Minimize losses (technical and non technical),
I Minimize cost of electricity.

On-grid solutions:TPC Biomass Minigrid

On-grid solutions: Mwenga Minigrid

Off-grid solutions: Lumama Micro-Hydro Minigrid

Off-grid solutions:Ngarenanyuki Hybrid Microgrid
ELVI solution two Cabinets
1. Control and conversional cabinet with
 Single phase bidirectional converter for off grid
and on-grid operation
 PV DC inputs
 Storage Battery DC inputs
2. Microgrid controller cabinet with
 PLC system
 Double AC bus bars switching system for Diesel
generator, hydropower generator, loads, dump
loads
1 2



Off-grid solutions:Mkuru PV System
EasySolar 12V and 24V, 1600VA

The all-in-one solar power
solution
Off-grid solutions:Grumeti PV System

Smart meter

Observations on System Control


1 Currently mini-hydro technology dominates off-grid mini-grids

2 Energy storage (SBB) is necessary, particularly for off-grid solutions

(PV systems with grid forming inverter)


3 For on-grid solution excess power can be supplied to the grid (Smart
meters: to provide net metering and voltage monitoring functions).


4 Synchronization of the voltage and frequency is necessary for on-grid

solutions


4 Synchronization of the voltage and frequency is necessary for on-grid

solutions
5 Islanding: disconnection of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) in

the event of fault in the distribution network.

Conclusion

Conclusion

Conclusion
1 High penetration of grid connected RES: Hydro, Geothermal, and Wind
at HV and MV level, PV mainly at LV level

Conclusion
2 Change grid operation patterns: reserves, power flows, voltages, pro-
tections, stability, grid reconfiguration and dispatching of conventional
power plants.Sometimes the RES generators may cover the demand!

Conclusion
3 Not only power system operation, get ready to see everything chang-
ing: electricity market, energy management, control systems, metering,
regulatory framework and policies...

Conclusion
4 Forecasting of renewable energy resources, wind speed, solar irradiation,
hydrological flow,...

Conclusion
5 Smart grid control: two-way flow of energy and a bidirectional flow
of communication data.

Conclusion
5 Smart grid control: two-way flow of energy and a bidirectional flow
of communication data.
6 Communication is the backbone of smart grid: intelligent monitoring,
control, communication, and self-healing technologies....

Smart Grid Control For RES Penetration Into On-Grid and Off-Grid Solutions

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Smart Grid Control For RES Penetration Into On-Grid and Off-Grid Solutions

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Smart Grid control for RES penetration into

on-grid and off-grid solutions

Department of Electrical Engineering

Advanced Training Course: Integration of renewable energy solutions in the

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 1

1 The Smart Grid

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 2

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 3

Automated, widely distributed energy delivery network char-

Electricity delivery system (from point of generation to point

Smart Grid: Electricity networks, Generators, Loads, Au-

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 4

Integration of conventional and renewable energy based technolo-

Facilitate demand side management (DSM) and involvement of

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 5

Control is a key enabling technology for optimal deployment of

Advanced control techniques for high-performance and reliable op-

Response to grid disturbances.

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 6

Change the way power system was designed to operate.

RESs are inherently stochastic in nature due to their dependence

Energy Storage System (ESS) required to ensure operational flex-

Introduces strong interdependence between capacity planning prob-

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 7

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 8

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 9

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 10

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 11

100 and 500

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 12

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 13

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 14

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 14

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 14

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 14

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 14

It is necessary to employ smart grid control in order to

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 15

It is necessary to employ smart grid control in order to

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 15

It is necessary to employ smart grid control in order to

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 15

It is necessary to employ smart grid control in order to

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 15

It is necessary to employ smart grid control in order to

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 15

It is necessary to employ smart grid control in order to

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 15

It is necessary to employ smart grid control in order to

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 15

It is necessary to employ smart grid control in order to

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 15

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 16

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 17

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 18

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 19

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 20

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 21

EasySolar 12V and 24V, 1600VA

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 23

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 24

G. G. Moshi (DIT) DIT/POLIMI/ENEL GREEN POWER 25