NAME: MUARIJ SIDDIQUI

ROLL NO: 10 (MORNING)

COURSE: PHARMACOLOGY AND
THERAPEUTICS
SUBMITTED TO: Dr. FAHEEMA SIDDIQUI
QNO:1 Write the name of drugs and mechanism of action
(diagrammatic representation) of drugs used against herpes virus?
ANS:
 Acyclovir
 Ganciclovir
 Foscarnet
MECHANISM OF ACTION:

Virus specified
Acyclovir
Penciclovir Monophosphate
ganciclovir
Enzymes (eg, thymidine kinase,
UL97)

Trifluridine Host kinases

ciclofovir

Diphosphate

Triphosphate

Foscarnet

Incorporation into viral DNA Competitive Inhibition of viral DNA

Polymerase

Chain termination
Inhibition of viral DNA synthesis
QNO:2 Write the name of drugs and mechanism of actions
(diagrammatic representation) of anti-fungal drugs?

ANS:
 Polyenes
 Azoles
 5-Flucytosine
 Griseofulvin
 Echinocandins
 Allylamines

MECHANISM OF ACTION:
POLYENES:

Binds to fungal cell membrane

(Ergosterol)

Forms pores

Alters permeability & transport

AZOLES: Cell death

 Inhibition of fungal cytochrome P450
enzymes

(block
Demethylation
of lanosterol by
Reduction of ergosterol synthesis inhibiting fungal
CYP3A= 14-
Demethylase)

5-flucytosine:
permease
5-flucytosine 5-flucytosine
(outside) (inside)
Cytose
deaminase

5duMP 5-fluorouracil
(inhibits thymidylate synthase)

Phosphoribosyl
transferase
RNA 5-FUMP

Griseofulvin:
 Inhibit fungal growth by binding to microtubules

Disruption of mitotic spindles

Mammalian microtubules less sensitive

ECHINOCANDINS:
 Inhibit fungal beta glucan synthesis

Disrupting cell wall integrityi

Mammalian cells have no cell walls

ALLYAMINES:
Inhibit fungal sterol synthesis (ergosterol) by inhibiting squalene
epoxidase.

QNO:3 Write the classification of anthelmintics and mechanism of

actions (diagrammatic representation) of benzimidazole?
ANS:
 Antihelmintic drugs

Drug active against Drugs active against Drug active against

nematodes trematodes cestodes

Albendazole
Bithionol
Diethylcarbam Albendazole
azine Metrifonate
Mebendazole
Mebendazole Oxamniquine
Niclosamide
Pyrantel Praziquantel
Praziquantel
pamoate

Benzimidazole:

Inhibition of microtubule assembly

QNO:4 Write the name of drugs and mechanism of action of
alkylating agents?
ANS:
 Nitrogen Mustard: Chlorambucil, Cyclophosphamide,
Mechlorethamine.
 Nitrosoureas: Carmustine, lomustine.
 Alkyl sulfonates: Busulfan.
 Platinum Coordination Compounds Other alkylating agents:
Cisplatin, Dacarbazine and Procarbazine.

MECHANISM: Alkylating agents prevent cell division primarily by

cross-linking strands of DNA. Because of continued synthesis of other
cell constituents, such as RNA and protein, growth is unbalanced,
and the cell dies.

QNO:5 Write the monoclonal antibodies and mechanism of action

of Trastuzumab (diagrammatic representation)
ANS:
 Infliximab
 Adalimumab
 Etanercept
 Daclizumab
 Basiliximab
 Trastuzumab
 Bevacizumab
 Rituximab
 Cetuximab
MECHANISM OF TRASTUZUMAB

Binds to extracellular juxtamembrane domain

of HER2

Inhibits the proliferation

Inhibits the survival of HER2 dependent tumors