Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(CVL 440)
Chapter 1, (6 hours)
Chapter 1 Objective: Analyze role of engineers in a society
August 2017
http://nec.edu.np/faculty/hariks/Chap%201%20Lecture%20Notes%20Apr%202015.pdf
From traditional to
modern food processing
1.3 b Impact on Communication
Impact on Impact
Information generation Increasing access to information
and dissemination
Mass communication: Enhanced public awareness, timely
Newspaper, Magazines, information to people
FM Radio, HAM radio, TV,
instant/breaking news
Internet and Social Media Increased access to information, social
media influencing design of
communication techniques
Telephone, mobile phone Increased and easier access to telephone
Virtual Meeting, virtual Less need of physical presence in
reality, tele-medicine meeting, distance medicine services and
remote controller operation possible
1.3 c Impact on Construction Methods
Impact on Impact
Construction Technology Labor based technology gradually replaced
by capital based technology
Construction materials Better materials, light weight, fire proof,
glass as structural elements, increased use
of aluminum, pre-fabricated, pre-stressed
Size of infrastructure Increasing
Mechanization, Automation, More mechanization, automation and
and Robotics use robotics use
Construction Project From ad hoc and haphazard decisions to
Management scientific and systematic management tools,
like CPM, PERT, and software like MS
Project, Primavera, Project Management
ICT use for construction site Better access control, better safety, better
control material management
1.3 d Impact on Information Generation, Storage and Dissemination
Impact on Impact
Information Increasing access to information through multiple mediums
access
Storage, virtual Tape, Floppy disk, CD, DVD, External hard disk, Dropbox,
storage Cloud storage, mailbox
Generation Information generation growing exponentially, automatic
data logging, GIS, GPS, Satellite Images, Remote sensing
Dissemination e-paper, interactive TV, internet, social media
Effects:
• need to memorize diminished, information
available when needed
• Judgment based on written laws rather than
wisdom of justices,
• 3D printing: can change production mode;
from micro-components to 3D maps to house and bridges and food.
b) Dynamite:
• Explosives, Dynamite, Warfare, Colonization, Endangered species, Crime,
Terrorism
Effects: road construction in steep rocky areas, tunnel construction,
implosion of buildings, warfare getting increasingly violent and costly, species
getting extinct, increasing use of gunpowder in crimes and terrorist activities
1.4 Effects of Major Technological Developments
c) Automation/Mechanization:
• Industrial production, agricultural mechanization, transportation,
robotics, automation,
Effects:
• Lower cost of goods and food
• Easier movement over long distances
• Standardization and interchangeability of design, size, shape
• Safer working environment for dangerous jobs
• Higher living standard, material comfort
d) Organic Chemistry
• Plastic, Polymer, plastic, Construction glues, fossil fuel, construction
materials
Effects: New materials: including construction materials, PPR pipes,
PVC pipes, synthetic glues, synthetic clothes, bio-degradable plastic,
light weight and stronger materials, water proofing, paint
• Fossil fuel: transportation, bitumen, asphalt, geo-textile, nylon
1.4 e) Impact on Transportation
Impact on Impact
Land transportation Road, multi level roads, railways
Underground Metro/Underground railways
Water Naval transportation, river navigation
Air Air cargo, air travel, air ambulance
Transportation safety Increasing
1.4 f) Effects of developments in Internet, Communication Satellite
Communication Satellites
• Mass Communication: Radio, TV, Newspaper, Internet, WWW,
social media, virtual meetings, Satellite maps, GIS, GPS, Map
making, Open Source Mapping, Google Maps, Global Circulation
Modeling, Surveying, Wild Fire detection, Early Warning
Effects: ICT development, TV, GPS, Satellite Maps, Weather
forecasting, Climate Modeling, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR),
GIS based planning (urban, land use etc.), Remote Sensing
Computer and Computer Crimes
Computer:
• Modeling, simulation (visualization of potential impacts and solution
before the event occurs and solutions implemented), design, solution
techniques (FDM, FEM), Management Information System, Spatial
planning using GIS, computer crimes, intrusion on personal privacy, data
mining, data theft,
Effects: information generating, storing and dissemination
• Design of materials using simulation
• Electronic equipment
Electronic Transaction Act 2004 has listed the following acts under the
Computer Crime
• Theft, damage or alteration of computer source code
• Unauthorized access to materials on computer
• Destruction of computer and information system
• Publication of illegal materials on electronic form
• Violation of confidentiality
• Posting of false information
• Submitting or showing forged license or certificate
• Non-submission of the document or other materials
• Computer fraud
अऩयाध सॊहिता य पौजदायी कामयविधध सॊहिता विधेमक फुधफाय (25/04/2074 BS) सियसम्भतरे
ऩारयत:
साभाजजक सञ्जारभा एक व्मविको केिी अॊश अको व्मविको शयीयसॉग जोडे य विकृ त फनाउनेराई
ऩधन कायफािी िुने बएको छ । ‘कुनै एक व्मविको तजबफयको केिी बाग अको व्मविको अको
बागसॉग याखेय िा अन्म कुनै हकधसभरे विकृ त रूऩको तजबफय फनाउन िा प्रकाशन गनुि य ुॉ दैन ।
त्मबतो कामय गनेराई दई
ु िर्यसम्भ कैद िा २० िजायसम्भ जरयिाना िुने व्मिबथा िुनेछ',
विधेमकको दपा २५१ भा उल्रेख छ ।
1.5 Role of Engineers in Society
The practice of engineering is directly related to societal issues, and
hence has an impact on society. Engineering is the application of
science to solve societal problems.
Some of the basic roles of an engineer in society are:
• Interact with society to fully understand the societal issues (needs
and problems) and propose a range of short-medium-long term
options/solutions with financial, technical, safety, and
environmental pros and cons of each option
• Contribute in decision making process to choose the best option
• Prepare optimum design, including detailed specification to
implement the designed product
• Execute the solution by creating the product to solve the issue or
supervising the constructing the solution
• Continuously monitor and evaluate the performance of the
solution, and upgrade the solution based on evaluation
• Train people to operate and maintain the solution system for its
reliability and sustainability
Changes brought by engineers in societies