Society

Science

Technology
 Technology
and
the Evolution of Human Society
 Introduction
Technology has always been defined as a means to an
end. It is the result of human activity derived from
Science. Technology and and society are intertwined.
Man, being the recipient to all the benefits of
technology continues to flourish in enjoying the
innovations offered by technological advancements.
The needs of society create the need for
various technologies, and new technologies generate
new needs for society.
Every day routines are marked with technological
advances that reflect what a society is good or known
for.
Technology in general, especially Information
Technology, has affected people and society in
different ways. In some societies information
technology has positively impacted the economic
development and the best example is today's global
economy.
Life has become easier and better through science and
technology especially in the field of medical
development. These advancements made within the
health industry have helped keep people safe and
healthy.
The upliftment in education, communication,
agriculture and industry was made possible by the use
of technology contributing the elevated economic
output this 20th century.
The relationship between technology and society is
reciprocal. Society drives technological change, while
changing technologies in turn shape society.
Despite the advent of technology, problems on hunger,
pollution, poverty, and illiteracy still prevails making
sustainability at risk.
Truly, the standard evolution is becoming considerably
fast creating significant changes in the patterns of life.
 Learning Objectives

1. Explain the concept of human conditions before

and after science and technology.
2. Discuss how science and technology serve as keys
in economic development
3. Determine what technology reveals
4. Reflect on the concept of human conditions before
and after science and technology
 Technology and the Evolution of Human Society
KEY CONCEPTS
 Technology and its Classification
 Evolution of Societies
 Classification of Society based on the concept of
waves (Alvin Toffler)
 Technology Substitution/Diffusion
 Technology and the Evolution of Human Society
KEY CONCEPTS
 Classification of society based on the concept of
waves (Alvin Toffler)
1. First Wave
2. Second Wave
3. Third Wave
 Technology and the Evolution of Human Society
KEY CONCEPTS
 Classification of Technology according to
process:
1. Energy Technology
2. Equipment Technology
3. Information Technology
4. Life Technology
5. Material Technology
What is Technology?

 The practical application of scientific knowledge

to solve a problem.
Classification of Technology According to Process
1. Energy Technology
 involves processes that could create or generate, convert
and distribute energy
 with the main purpose of yielding high efficiency
 without causing negative effects to human and
environment.
 Examples include:
• Oil • Hydroelectric
• Coal • Nuclear Fusion
• Wind Water • Solar Energy
• Geothermal
Classification of Technology According to Process
2. Equipment Technology
 involves the design, fabrication, and the invention of
instruments, tools, gadgets, and machines.
 Examples include:
• Motor • Robots
• Engines • Fermenters
• Plow • Lasers
• Mills • Computer-controlled machines
• Spinning Wheels • Engines
 Classification of Technology According to Process
3. Information Technology
 is primarily concerned with tools and gadgets including
computer systems and their applications to manage,
process and distribute information.
 Examples include:
• Typewriter • Telephone
• Books • Cellphone
• Newspaper • Printer
• Television • Laser
• Radio
 Classification of Technology According to Process
4. Life Technology
 These technology includes traditional and modern
technologies in:
• Animal Breeding
• Herbal Medicine
• Surgery
• Vaccine
• Antibiotics
• Artificial & Organ Transplant
• Genetic Engineering
 Classification of Technology According to Process
5. Material Technology
 This technology is concerned with the extraction,
fabrication and synthesis of materials specifically for the
benefit of mankind.
 Examples are:
• Steel • Ceramics
• Plastics • Aluminum
• Brass • Polymers
• Iron • Synthetics
• Copper
 Technologies Keep Changing (through)
1. Substitution
 happens when technologies have been used for a long
period of time
 are replaced by the new and better version with respect
to performance.
 Examples are:
• Stereo type radio replaced with cassette tape recorder,
then with stereo component
• VHS replaced with DVD
• Analog telephone replaced with cellular phones, then
with smart phones.
Technology Substitution
- the replacement of technologies
- the preference of one product over
another because of advancement.
 Technologies Keep Changing (through)
2. Diffusion
 happens when technologies are being adopted by
individuals even after innovations come.
 The more individuals adopted the technology innovation,
the greater is the measure of diffusion process.
 The neighborhood could affect diffusion of technology in
such a way that adoption increases if the technology is just
within the reach of the individual.
 If technology has been adopted, individuals could be
informed & eventually could communicate because of the
interaction between and among them.
Technology Diffusion
- the transfer of technology from one individual to another
- the spread of applications / usage of a new technology and
its related products, services or processes from one nation to
another; from one entity to another; from one industry to
another; from the owner entity to user or supplier; and from
current user to the prospective user.
 Stages of the evolution of human society:
1. Hunters and gatherers
 the primitive of all the societies
 members depended only on the
natural resources
 they used tools made of stones, wood,
bones and ivory.
 Evolution of Human Society
 Stages of the evolution of human society:

2. Shifters and farmers

 they grow crops
 they domesticated animals
 marked the beginning of
agricultural society
 Evolution of Human Society
 Stages of the evolution of human society:
3. Manufacturing and processing
 they learned the process of
mining and smelting
 they made metallic hand tools
for farming and hunting
 they discovered coal, gas, and
oil which they used for cooking
 opened the door to
industrialization
 Evolution of Human Society
 Stages of the evolution of human society:
4. Future man-made world
 the last stage of human society
 technologies is used for
• producing synthetic food
• recycling resources
 to satisfy the increasing human
needs due to population increase.
 Review Question No. 2

How does advancement in

technology affected human life?
 Classification of Society (acc. to Alvin Toffler)
 In his book entitled “Third Wave”, he classified
societies based on the concept of waves.
 Each wave propels the older societies and cultures
aside.
1. First Wave Society
 is the society that replaced the hunter & gatherer-
society after the agrarian revolution
 during this time, people used small scale
technologies which came into existence through
trial and error.
Classification of Society (acc. to Alvin Toffler)
2. Second Wave Society
 is the period of industrial revolution until the end of
World War II.
 During this time, people used large scale technologies
based on mass production, mass consumption, and mass
distribution,
 including mass production of weapons of mass destruction
 combined with standardization, centralization, and
synchronization.
 Their foundations have based on Newton’s Physics,
Biology and Chemistry.
Classification of Society (acc. to Alvin Toffler)
3. Third Wave Society
 was described as the post-industrialized society after the
World War II
 where people used modern technologies based on the
advent of science
 including computers, robotics, and the similar things.
 This society was seemingly associated with scientific-
technological evolution.
 Review Question No. 3

What are the significant changes in

society during the second wave or
the industrial revolution?
 Review Question No. 4

Which among the five classification of

technology according to process is /are the
most beneficial to you as a student?
 Review Question No. 5

What is the difference of Technology Substitution

with Technology Diffusion?
 National Development Through
Science and Technology
 Science and Technology are instruments of a country’s rapid
development and economic stability.
 Success of a nation depends on the strict implementation of
programs based on Science and Technology.
 Nations that do not invest much in Science and Technology
would remain underdeveloped and will be left behind.
 Nations which does not prosper on these grounds would never
be able to sustain the lives of its people and
 may have to solely depend on other nations for their basic
requirements.
 National Development Through
Science and Technology
 Several sectors of society has benefitted much on science and
technology.
 Life become easier and better with the discovery of several tools
and gadgets in the fields of:
 Transportation – has been modernized for faster & easier
movement/travel to and from destinations.
 Communication – has been made easier today with the
development of several brands of smart phone.
 Equipment – used by modern day people in the fields of:
• medical facilities • electricity
• infrastructure • industry
 National Development Through
Science and Technology
 Developed countries such as Russia, Japan, Brazil, China, and
India have strong foundations of science and technology.
 World Bank estimated that seven of the ten largest economies in
the world by 2020 would be in Asia, China, Japan, India,
Thailand, Indonesia, South Korea, and Taiwan.
 These countries have little or no advancement at all in science
and technology.
 But when it is introduced, a boom was evident across the globe.
 National Development Indicators

 The following indicators are usually used to measure national

development.

1. Gross Domestic Product

 It is the measure of (either) all the income earned within
the country or all of the expenditures within the country.
 The money spent by the consumers in buying several
products, and those invested by business establishments,
and the government investments contributed to a country’s
GDP.
 National Development Indicators

 The following indicators are usually used to measure national

development.

2. Per Capita Income

 It is the average income earned by a person in a particular
city, region or country.
 It is a way of measuring the economic status and quality of
life in different areas.
 It can be computed by dividing the country’s national
income by its population.
 National Development Indicators

 The following indicators are usually used to measure national

development.

3. Income Distribution
 It is the measure of how the gross domestic product (GDP)
of the country is equally distributed among its people.
 This could tell us the distribution of the individuals who
can be considered as rich or poor.
 National Development Indicators

 The following indicators are usually used to measure national

development.

4. Growth Rate of Gross National Product (GNP)

 This refers to the increase in the country’s total economic
activity.
 GNP is the amount of all the goods and services produced
in a country by its people within a specific length of time
usually a year.
 It uses the GDP, plus the income of the people working
overseas minus the income paid to foreign citizens & entities.
 National Development Indicators

 The following indicators are usually used to measure national

development.
5. Percentage of Employment
 This is defined as the employment rate or the measure at
which all the available labor resources are being utilize.
 It is computed as the ratio of the employed to the working
age population.
 Above 70 percent is considered a high percentage value.
 Below 50 percent is a low ratio value.
 The ratio of employment to the population is usually
higher for men than in women.
 National Development Indicators

 The following indicators are usually used to measure national

development.

6. Structure of Labor Force

 It is the total number of all men and women who are able
to work, be employed or unemployed.
 The age structure of the country basically determines the
labor or the work force.
 National Development Indicators

 The following indicators are usually used to measure national

development.

7. Human Life Expectancy

 It refers to the average number of years an individual or a
group of people could be expected to live.
 It is usually recorded as the person’s life span from birth.
 National Development Indicators

 The following indicators are usually used to measure national

development.

8. Percentage of Urban Population

 It is the percentage of people or density of people living in
urbanized area not depending upon agricultural products
and other government services.
Define the following:
1. GDP/GNP
2. Per capita income
3. Percentage of Employment
4. Human Life Expectancy
5. Income distribution
 References

https://www.slideshare.net/memijecruz/human-flourishing-in-
science-and-technology-technology-as-a-mode-of-
revealing#:~:text=Human%20flourishing%20in%20science%20an
d%20technology%3A%20Technology%20as%20a%20Mode%20o
f%20Revealing,-
1.&text=Human%20flourishing%20%EF%81%AE%20involves%
20the,rationally%20chosen%20values%20and%20goals.

https://www.coursehero.com/file/44187812/STS-CHAPTER-4-
pdf/