GENDER AND SOCIETY

GENDER
STEREOTYPES
MODULE 3
 Learning Objectives

1. Explain the nature of gender stereotypes and its

basic concepts

2. Articulate a stand on existing gender stereotypes

3. Explain the highlights of the SOGIE bill

4. Discuss the gender classifications under the

umbrella term LGBT

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ICE BREAKER
“YES OR NO?”

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Men are physically stronger than women.

Women are more intelligent than men.

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A man becomes less masculine if he’s not
able to provide financially for his family.

Men are better drivers.

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Women are better at multi-tasking.

Women who wear sexy or reveling outfits

are at fault for being cat-called.
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It is not proper for a girl to say “I love you”
first to a boy.

Men are better leaders and administrators than women

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 GENDER STEREOTYPE

develops when different institutions

reinforce a biased perception of a
certain gender’s role. These include
the family, church, school, state and
the media.

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FOUR TYPES OF GENDER STEREOTYPES
SEX SEX-ROLE
STEREOTYP STEREOTYP
ES ES

SEXUAL COMPOUND
STEREOTYP STEREOTYP
ES ES

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SOGIE
Sexual Orientation

Gender Identity

Gender Expression

SOGIE
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 SEXUALITY

expression of a person’s thoughts,

feelings, sexual orienation and
relationships

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 SEXUAL ORIENTATION

Covers:
❖Sexual attractions, sexual
behavior, and sexual fantasies
❖Emotional preference, social
preference, self-identification
❖Heterosexual or homosexual
lifestyle

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 GENDER IDENTITY

- Determines how one sees himself

or herself in relation to gender and
sexuality. A person could identify
oneself as masculine or feminine.

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 GENDER EXPRESSION

- determines how one expressed his

or her sexuality through the action or
manner of presenting oneself.

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THE SOGIE EQUALITY BILL

▪ First version – filed in the 11th Congress by the late Sen. Miriam
Defensor-Santiago and Akbayan Rep. Etta Rosales.
- it was pending for 19 years before picked up once again

▪ Second version – came into fruition in the 17th Congress through

the ardent efforts of Bataan 1st District Representative Geraldine
Roman, Diwa Party List Representative Emmeline Aglipay-Villar,
and Dinagat Islands Representative Arlene “Kaka” Bag-ao.
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THE SOGIE EQUALITY BILL : CONTINUING FIGHT

▪ The bill passed its third reading in the 17th Congress in 2017, but
it had its end after languishing in the senate. However, the fight
for equality still continues as staunch advocate Sen. Risa
Hontiveros sponsored it once more in December 2020, this time
as the Sexual Orientation,  Gender Identity, Gender Expression
and Sex Characteristics (SOGIESC) Equality Bill or Senate Bill
No. 1934.
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VIOLATIONS UNDER THE SOGIE BILL

1. Promotion of Stigma
2. Denial of access to public service, with special mention of
military service.
3. Differential treatment of an employee, a job applicant, or any
one engaged by virtue of a contract of service
4. Denial of admission to, expulsion from, or discipline of a
student by an educational institution
5. Denial of access to establishments, facilities, utilities, or services

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VIOLATIONS UNDER THE SOGIE BILL

6. Refusal or revocation of accreditation, formal recognition, or

registration of any organization, political party, or institution
7. Denial of access to medical and health services
8. Denial of application or revocation of professional license
9. Forced medical or psychological examination to determine
and/or alter a person’s SOGIE without his or her consent (This bill
requires the approval of the appropriate Family Court for minors)
10. Harassment by the police or military
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VIOLATIONS UNDER THE SOGIE BILL

Any person or organization found guilty of these violations may be

fined Php 100, 000 – Php 500, 000 and may also be imprisoned for
a minimum of 1 year and a maximum of 12 years. The bill also has
provisions for government employees who refuse to investigate,
prosecute, or act on complaints.

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 LESBIAN GAY BISEXUAL

QUEER/
TRANSGENDE
R
QUESTIONIN INTERSEX
G

ASEXUAL
LGBTQIA+
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IMPORTANT TERMINIOLOGIES TO REMEMBER:

▪ Heteronormativity is defined as the notion that being

heterosexual is the standard for correctness.
▪ Heterosexual or straight, refers to people who have sexual and
romantic feelings mostly for the opposite gender
▪ Homosexual describes people who have sexual and romantic
feelings for the same gender
▪ Cisgender is someone whose gender identity corresponds with
his or her biological sex.
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WHY EQUATE GENDER ISSUES WITH WOMEN’S ISSUES?

▪ Gender issues are equated with women’s issues because of

sexism and gender stereotypes.
▪ Sexism is defined as the prejudice against a certain sex.
Living in a patriarchal society, man are seen as dominant,
leaders, and the norm.
▪ This places women and LGBT at risk for discrimination.

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 GENDER EQUALITY

- defined as the recognition of the

state that all human beings are free
to enjoy equal conditions and fulfill
their human potentials to contribute
to the state and society. Gender
equality promotes full participation
of men and women in the society.

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