GAS TURBINES

PERFORMANCE & DESIGN,

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
 Videos
A gas turbine animation (1)
I- Industrial Gas Turbine GAS GENERATOR
TURBINES
COMBUSTOR

AIR COMPRESSOR

EXHAUST
DIFFUSER

AIR INLET
AIR
FUEL
EXHAUST

EXHAUST
FUEL
AIR
II- Air craft Gas Turbine
A- Turbo propeller
All of the power output is used to turn the propeller shaft.

Combustion
chamber

Propeller Compressor Turbine

B- Turbofan 80 % Thrust of fans
The power output is split between

1- power to turn the fan 2- Jet thrust

Fan Compressor Turbine Exhaust

C- Turbo Jet
All of the power output is used in a form of Jet thrust

Compressor Turbine Exhaust

 .Compact type GT

Compressor Wheel
Turbine Wheel

AIR IN

AIR IN
EXHAUST

AIR OUT
FLUE GASES

Combustion Chamber
Power
Powerdistribution
distribution Assuming 100% Efficiency

COMBUSTION EXHAUST
CHAMBER
FUEL

35 MW
55 MW

25 MW

COLD AIR HOT AIR

20 MW

20 MW 35 MW 10 MW

LOAD
COMPRESSOR
TURBINE
 Gas Turbine Combined Cycle
BOILER

COMPRESSOR TURBINE

STEAM
Generator Hot
Gas

STEAM
Generator
TURBINE
 TURBINE
LOW COMP
PRESSURE HIGH COMPRESSOR
TURBINE
LOW
Gas 6000 RPM HIGH
PRESS
9000 PRESSURE
PRESS
Compressor 9000
RPM 6000 RPM
RPM

AIR

POWER Combustion Chamber

TURBINE
5000 RPM
 Videos
A gas turbine animation (3)
* Gas Turbine performance

Compressor C T Exhaust
o u
TEMRERATURE

m r
b b
u i
s n
t e
o
r
PRESSURE
AIR
AIRIN
INCOMPRESSOR
COMPRESSORSTAGES
STAGES

STATOR COMP. STATOR

BLADES BLADES BLADES

FIXED MOVING FIXED

AIR
AIRIN
INCOMPRESSOR
COMPRESSORSTAGES
STAGES AIR PRESSURE THROUGH
COMPRESSOR BLADES
HAS NO CHANGE
STATOR BLADES AS X = X
ACT AS DIFFUSER
AS Y2 > Y1
Y2
X

X
Y1

STATOR COMP. STATOR

BLADES BLADES BLADES
FIXED MOVING FIXED
 HOW
HOWPRESSURE
PRESSUREBUILDS
BUILDSUP
UP
IN
INCOMPRESSOR
COMPRESSORSTAGES
STAGES

STATOR BLADES ACT AS DIFFUSER

VOLUME INCREASED
PRESSURE INCREASED
VELOCITY (IN STATOR ) DECREASED
VELOCITY (IN MOVING ) INCREASED

VELOCITY IS CONSTANT
ALONG
ALONG THE
THE COMPRESSOR
COMPRESSOR STATOR COMP. STATOR
BLADES
V inlet = V outlet BLADES
MOVING
BLADES
FIXED FIXED
Axial Flow Compressor Pressure
Constant Velocity
Velocity

Pressure increased

Pressure

Stator Rotor Stator Rotor Stator

17 MSRC - Natural Gas Engineering Diploma - NG Utilization NG 509 – Eng. Hassan Abd El-Moneam – Mechanical Engineering
 * Code and Standards

API STD 616 Gas Turbines for Petroleum,

Chemical, and Gas Industry Services

API RP 11PGT Recommended Practice for

Packaged Combustion Gas Turbines
 Why Gas Turbine
Considered As

A Thermal Power Energy

Machine
Hassan Mohamed A. M. Hassan
Lead Mechanical Engineer
.Worley Parsons Engineers Egypt Ltd
Cairo Egypt 01223190213
Tel.: +2-02-22706178
Email hasmonem@gmail.com
 COMBUSTION
GAS
GAS TURBINE
TURBINE 2 3
POWER
POWER
P

TU
RB
CO

IN
E
MP

(EX
RE
1- COMPRESSION STAGE

PA
NS
SSI

IO
ON

N)
ATMS
Wc = m x Cp ( T2 – T1 ) KW 1 4

2- COMBUSTION STAGE V
Wc= Compressor power kw
Q f = m x Cp ( T3 – T2 ) KW
Wt= Turbine power kw
Qf = Fuel produced power kw
3- TURBINE POWER STAGE m = Air mass flow kg/sec.
Cp = Specific heat kj/kg. k 0
Wt = m x Cp ( T3 – T4 ) KW T = Absolute Temperature k 0
Overall Efficiency ξ 0

ξ OUTPUT Wt - Wc
= * 100 = * 100
INPUT
0
Qf

( T3 – T4 ) – ( T2 – T1 )
= * 100
T3 – T2

( T3 –T2) – (T4 – T1 )
= * 100
T3 – T2
FIND THE OVERALL EFFICIENCY OF
G.TURBINE HAS THE FOLLOWING DATA: -

1 – AMBIENT TEMPERATURE T1 = 20 C

2– COMP. OUT TEMPERATURE T2 = 280

3 – FIRING TEMPERATURE T3 = 1000
4– EXHAUST TEMPERATURE T4 = 550

1- T1 = 20 + 273 = 293 K
2- T2 = 300 + 273 = 573 K
3- T3 = 950 + 273 = 1223 K
4- T4 = 490 + 273 = 763 K

( T4 – T1 )
ξ = 1 –
( T3 – T2 )

( 763 – 293 )
ξ = 1 –
( 1223 – 573 )

ξ = 0.26
 Videos
One Shaft Gas turbine 4
 To Lube Oil Reservoir
LUBE
LUBEOIL
OIL Rundown mm Above 7000
SYSTEM
SYSTEM Tank Machine C/L

Lube Supply Oil Header

Starter
Motor
CENTRIFUGAL
Starter motor Gas COMPESSOR
will be Turbine
disconnected at HS.C
about 65% of the
max. operating
speed Gear
Box

24
To Main Lube Oil Reservoir Lube Oil Drain Header
Cooling Air to the Turbine Blades

Air to cool the Turbine Blades

Turbine Shaft

Compressor Air
 Atomizing air
Combustion
chamber Fuel

Atomizing air
Primary air
Secondary air

Sealing air
Cooling air
Bleeding air
3-Multi - Can-Annular Combustor

The third design and the one preferred by most manufacturers,

is the can-annular combustor, a combination of the single
combustion chamber and the annular.
 Turbine
OPERATING SPEED

Turbine
shaft

Hydraulic oil Fuel gas

Or
Steam
 Turbine
OVER SPEED

Turbine
shaft

Fuel gas
Or
Hydraulic oil out Steam
Stop
 Fly weight Governor

Turbine Shaft

Governor Valve Rod

Turbine Shaft Speed Increased

 Governor valve
Oil pressure
To Decrease Speed

Governor Valve
Rod

Fuel to
combustion chamber
Decreased