Compilation of Genetics

Checkpoints

MCHS 2017-2018
Practice 1: Monohybrid Crosses
 1. A heterozygous tall pea plant was
crossed with another heterozygous tall
pea plant. What is the:
 A. Phenotypic Ratio
 B. Genotypic Ratio
 Phenotypic Ratio: 3 tall: 1 dwarf/short
 Genotypic Ratio: 1 homozygous tall: 2
heterozygous tall: 1 homozygous
dwarf/short
Practice 1: Monohybrid Crosses
 2. A heterozygous purple flowered plant
was crossed with a white flowered
plant. What is the:
 A. Phenotypic Ratio
 B. Genotypic Ratio
 Phenotypic Ratio: 1 purple: 1 white
 Genotypic Ratio: 1 heterozygous
purple: 1 homozygous white
Checkpoint 1
 Who or what is it?
 1. The Austrian monk who gave us the
laws of inheritance.
 2. The type of plant that the Father of
Genetics studied in the monastery.
 3. These are alternative versions of a
gene and these are represented by
letters.
Checkpoint 1
 Who or what is it?
 4. This is the location of the gene in the
chromosome.
 5. The ploidy level of an organism with
two sets of chromosomes.
 6. The type of chromosomes that form a
tetrad.
Checkpoint 1
 Either Or
 Genotype or phenotype
 7. Refers to the observable physical
traits that an organism has.
 Homozygous or heterozygous
 8. The organism has both versions of
the allele.
 Dominant or Recessive
 9. The allele that is masked or covered
by the other allele.
Checkpoint 1
 Is It True or False?
 When I crossed a purple flowered plant
with a white flowered plant, all the
offspring were purple.
 10. Purple is dominant over white.
 11. The purple flowered plant was
heterozygous purple.
 12. The purple flowered plant and the
white flowered plants belong to the F1
generation.
Checkpoint 1
 Is It True or False?
 When I crossed a tall plant with another
tall plant, I got ¾ tall and ¼ short.
 13. Short height is a recessive allele.
 14. The first tall plant was homozygous
while the second one was heterozygous.
 15. The genotypic ratio of the offspring is
1 homozygous tall: 2 heterozygous tall: 1
homozygous short.
Practice 2: Dihybrid Crosses
 We will breed two dogs with the genotype BbCc,
where the dominant allele B specifies black coat
color (versus b, yellow coat color) and dominant
allele C specifies straight fur (versus c, curly fur).
 What is the probability of getting a puppy just like
the parents (heterozygous for both traits)?
Practice 2: Dihybrid Crosses
Explanation: Short Cut Method
 Use Two Monohybrid Crosses
 TtPp x TtPp = Tt x Tt and Pp x Pp
 Tt x Tt
 P.R. = 3 tall: 1 short
 G.R. = 1 homo tall: 2 hetero tall: 1 homo
short
 Pp x Pp
 P.R. = 3 purple: 1 white
 G.R. = 1 homo purple: 2 hetero purple:
1 homo white
Explanation: Short Cut Method
 Multiply the ratios to get the
combination you need.
 P.R.
 Tall and Purple: = 3 tall x 3 purple = 9
 Tall and White = 3 tall x 1 white = 3
 Short and Purple = 1 short x 3 purple =
3
 Short and White = 1 short x 1 white = 1
Explanation: Short Cut Method
 G.R.
 Homo Tall and Homo Purple: = 1 homo
tall x 1 homo purple = 1
 Homo Tall and Hetero Purple = 1 homo
tall x 2 hetero purple = 2
 Homo Tall and Homo White = 1 homo
tall x 1 homo white = 1
Explanation: Short Cut Method
 G.R.
 Hetero Tall and Homo Purple: = 2
hetero tall x 1 homo purple = 2
 Hetero Tall and Hetero Purple = 2 hetero
tall x 2 hetero purple = 4
 Hetero Tall and Homo White = 2 hetero
tall x 1 homo white = 1
Explanation: Short Cut Method
 G.R.
 Homo Short and Homo Purple: = 1
homo short x 1 homo purple = 1
 Homo Short and Hetero Purple = 1
homo short x 2 hetero purple = 2
 Homo Short and Homo White = 1 homo
short x 1 homo white = 1
Checkpoint 2
 Either Or
 Law of Segregation or Law of Independent
Assortment
 1. When an individual with the following
alleles (Aa) produces sperm cells, he will
produce sperms containing A or a.
 2. When an individual with the following
alleles (AaBb) produces egg cells, she will
produce eggs with either AB, Ab, aB or ab.
Checkpoint 2
 What Is It?
 3. The stage in meiosis that is responsible
for the law of segregation and law of
independent assortment.
 4. To determine whether an individual is
homozygous or heterozygous dominant,
you cross it with an individual who is
homozygous recessive. This is called a
_____ cross.
Dihybrid Cross
 TtYy x Ttyy
 5. What are the gametes produced by
the first parent (TtYy)?
 6. What are the gametes produced by
the second parent (Ttyy)?
 7. How many offspring will be tall and
yellow?
 8. How many offspring will be tall and
green?
Dihybrid Cross
 TtYy x Ttyy
 If you produce 64 offspring
 9. How many will be short and yellow?
 10. How many will be short and green?
Checkpoint 3
 Dihybrid Crosses
 A = axial flowers, a = terminal flowers
 P = purple flowers, p = white flowers
 I crossed a homozygous terminal,
homozygous white flowered plant with a
heterozygous axial and homozygous white
flowered plant. 96 offspring were produced.
 1. How many will be terminal and white
flowered?
 2. How many will be terminal and purple
colored?
Checkpoint
 Given a cross between AAPp and aaPp, how
many are expected to be:
 3. Heterozygous axial and homozygous
purple?
 4. Homozygous terminal and heterozygous
purple?
 5. Heterozygous axial and heterozygous
purple?
Practice 3: Non-Mendelian Genetics
 Incomplete Dominance
 Curly hair (CC) is incompletely dominant
over straight hair (SS) resulting to wavy
(CS).
 1. Steve (SS) married Natasha (CS) and
they had a child named Bucky. What are
the chances of Bucky having:
 A. Straight hair
 B. Wavy hair
 C. Curly hair
Practice 3: Non-Mendelian Genetics
 Codominance
 Red coat color (CRCR) is codominant to
white coat color (CWCW) to produce roan
(CRCW) in cows.
 2. A roan bull is paired to a white cow. If
they had 8 calves in their lifetime, how
many are expected to be:
 A. red coat colored
 B. white coat colored
 C. roan coat colored
Practice 3: Non-Mendelian Genetics
 Multiple Alleles
 3. Han Solo (blood type A) married
Princess Leia (blood type O). They had
a son named Kylo Ren. What is the
possible blood type of Kylo Ren?
 A. A
 B. B
 C. AB
 D. O
Practice 3: Non-Mendelian Genetics
 4. A man with curly hair and blood type
AB marries a woman with wavy hair
and blood type O. Which among the
following is NOT one of their possible
children?
 A. wavy with blood type A
 B. straight hair with blood type O
 C. curly hair with blood type B
 D. wavy with blood type B
Practice 3: Non-Mendelian Genetics
 Agouti > Chinchilla > Himalayan >
Albino
 C > CCh > CH > c
Practice 3: Non-Mendelian Genetics
 Give the genotypes of the parents
 5 – 6. Chinchilla x Albino: 16 Chinchilla:
16 Himalayan
 7- 8. Agouti x Himalayan: 8 Agouti: 4
Himalayan: 4 albino
 9-10. Agouti x Chinchilla: 12 Agouti: 6
Chinchilla: 6 Himalayan
Who are the parents?
2

A
B O
1 3

AB B A B
Who is NOT possibly their baby?

AB B A

AB B O
What is the mom’s blood type?

B A

AB

A
Checkpoint 4
 1. A red bull was mated with a white
cow. If they had 4 offspring, how many
of the offspring are expected to be:
 A. roan
 B. white
 C. red
Checkpoint 4
 2. A man with wavy hair married a
woman with curly hair. If they had 4
children, how many are expected to
have:
 A. straight hair
 B. wavy hair
 C. curly hair
Checkpoint 4
 Either Or
 Epistasis, Pleiotropy or Polygenic
Inheritance
 3. One gene has an effect on several
physical traits.
 4. One trait is governed by several genes.
 5. One gene masks the effects of another
gene.
 6. Achondroplasia
 7. Albinism
 8. Height
Checkpoint 4
 9. A man with blood type O marries a
woman with blood type AB. What is the
chance of them having a son with
blood type B?
 A. ¾
 B. ½
 C. ¼
 D. 1/8
Checkpoint 4
 10. A man with blood type O marries a
woman with blood type AB. If they have
four daughters, how many are expected
to have blood type A?
 A. 1
 B. 2
 C. 4
 D. none
Checkpoint 4
 11. A Chinchilla rabbit was crossed with
a Himalayan rabbit and they had 2
Chinchilla, 1 Himalayan and 1 albino
offspring. What are the genotypes of
the parent rabbits?
 12. An Agouti rabbit was crossed with a
Chinchilla rabbit and they had 4 Agouti
2 Chinchilla and 2 Himalayan offspring.
What are the genotypes of the parent
rabbits?
Checkpoint 5
 1. Dipper, a non-bald man, marries
Wendy, a carrier for baldness. What are
the chances of them having:
 A. a bald son
 B. a bald daughter
 C. a non-bald son
 D. a non-bald daughter
Checkpoint 5
 2. Harry (bald) marries Sally (non-bald).
Which kind of child would you not
expect them to have?
 A. bald son
 B. bald daughter
 C. non-bald son
 D. non-bald daughter
 E. all are possible
Checkpoint 5
 3. A heterozygous red eyed female is
mated with a white eyed male.
 If they had 32 offspring, how many are:
 A. red eyed male
 B . red eyed female
 C. white eyed male
 D. white eyed female
Checkpoint 5
 4. George, a colorblind man, married
Anne, a normal visioned woman. They
had three children, James (normal
vision), Elizabeth (normal vision) and
Nelson (colorblind). What are the
genotypes of:
 A. Anne
 B. James
 C. Elizabeth
 D. Nelson
Checkpoint 5
 5. Mandy’s mother has hemophilia
while her father has none. She married
Steve who did not have hemophilia.
What are the chances of Mandy having:
 A. a hemophiliac son
 B. a non-hemophiliac son
 C. a hemophiliac daughter
 D. a carrier daughter
 E. a homozygous non-hemophiliac
daughter
Practice Exercises 4
 Albinism is due to a recessive gene. A man
and woman plan to marry and wish to know
the probability of their having any albino
children. What are the probabilities if:
 A. both are normally pigmented, but each has
one albino parent.
 B. the man is an albino, the girl is normal, but
her father is an albino.
 C. the man is an albino and the girl's family
includes no albinos for at least three
generations.
Practice Exercises 4
 In peas, a gene for tall plants (T) is dominant
over its allele for short plants (t). The gene for
smooth peas (S) is dominant over its allele for
wrinkled peas (s).
 Calculate both phenotypic and genotypic
ratios for the results of each of the following
crosses:
 a. TtSs x TtSs
 b. Ttss x ttss
 c. ttSs x Ttss
 d. TtSS x Ttss
Practice Exercises 4
 Mrs. Smith and Mrs. Doe were roommates at
Harris Hospital and both had daughters at about
the same time. After Mrs. Smith took Susie home,
she became convinced that the babies had been
switched.
 Blood tests were performed with the following
results:
 Mr. and Mrs. Smith were both type AB;
 Mr. and Mrs. Doe were both type A;
 Susie Smith was type A and Debbie Doe was type
O.
 Had a switch occurred?
Practice Exercises 4
 In cats, a gene for coat color is sex-linked (X-
linked). Cats homozygous for allele A have
yellow coats; those homozygous for allele a
have black coats; and heterozygotes have
tortoiseshell coats.
 What type(s) of offspring would result from a
mating of a black male and a tortoise-shell
female?
 Is it possible to obtain a tortoise-shell male?