Ayurvedic Medicine

Definition
The name Ayurveda comes from two syllables, ayur which means life and veda means
knowledge. So, Ayurveda means knowledge about healthy living. Allopathic medicine (modern
medical treatment) only cures the disease, but Ayurveda is a holistic system that cures the
patient's disease and condition as a whole. Ayurveda is a medical tradition that originated in
India and is the oldest medical tradition that has reached more than 5,000 years old. Ayurveda
treatment was first pioneered by Dhanvantari around 1,500 BC. Ayurveda is derived from
Sanskrit, "Ayur" means life and "Veda" means knowledge, so that Ayurveda can be interpreted
as the Science of life.
History
Ayurvedic medicine is a system of medicine that developed in India and has survived as a
different entity from ancient Indian times to the present day. The early history of Ayurveda
begins since the era of ancient Vedic Holy books was first written. Researchers on this subject
argue that the concepts and essence of Ayurveda are expressed by Lord Brahma, the creator of
the world, himself. References to medicines have been found in early texts including the Vedas.
Agnivesa wrote the classic Samhita and continues to this day. The book has been made available
to the world by Charaka so it is better known as Charaka Samhita. Charaka is believed to have
lived in the 6th century BC. His work is a complete summary of medical information, relating to
medical aspects such as etiology, symptomatology, medical treatment and care in healthy and
sick conditions. As important as Charaka Samhita, there is also another treatise called Susruta
Samhita. This work deals with surgical diseases, and diseases of special organs such as eyes,
ears, etc.
Purpose
The main goal of Ayurvedic medicine is a happy, healthy and peaceful society.
Principles in Ayurveda Medicine
The two most important things about Ayurvedic medicine are:

 Maintain the health of healthy people.

 Cure disease in sick people.

According to Ayurveda, our environment consists of five main elements: ether (air), air, fire,
water and soil. Just like in nature, humans also consist of these five elements. When one of these
elements is out of balance in the environment, they will affect us humans. The food we eat and
the weather are only two examples of the influence of these elements
The five main elements manifest in the human body as three basic bodily fluids known as
doshās (vāta, pitta and kapha). The three doshās govern the creation, maintenance and
destruction of body tissues. Each person is born with a unique combination of these doshās that
determines their basic constitution, called Prakruti.
1. Vata dosha regulates the principle of movement and can therefore be seen as a force
which directs nerve impulses, circulation, respiratory system, secretions, etc.
2. Pitta dosha is responsible for the process of transformation and metabolism in the human
body. Changing and assimilating food into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body are
examples of Pitta function also responsible for metabolism in organ systems and tissues
as well as metabolism in cells.
3. Kapha dosha is responsible for growth. It also provides protection, for example, in the
form of cerebrospinal fluid, which protects the brain and spine. Gastric mucosa is another
example of Kapha dosha's function in protecting human body tissues.

Unani treatment
Definition
Unani or Yunani medicine is the pseudoscientific practice[1] used in Perso-
Arabic traditional medicine in Mughal India and in the Indian subcontinent and modern
day Central Asia. The term Yūnānī means "Greek",[2][3] as the Perso-Arabic system of medicine
was based on the teachings of the Greek physicians Hippocrates and Galen.
History
The history of Unani was started by the Greeks and Romans. Later, the idea of this
treatment extended to the Middle East, Asia. Under Muslim rule, the Gundeshapur Academy
became the center of the development of Abbasid Dynasty science in Baghdad. In the eighth
century, Caliph Harun al-Rashid made a massive project to translate Greek and Latin texts into
Arabic.
At the end of the eighth century, one of the ministers of Harun al-Rashid sent an envoy to
India. The envoy was ordered not only to seek medicine, but also to search for Indian doctors,
who had settled in Baghdad. The traditional Indian medical texts were eventually translated into
Arabic and North Africa, perhaps even extending to India. Around 900 AD, the movement of
books and medical practices formed a vast intellectual network, from Bukhara to Cairo, Baghdad
to Morocco. The work of two of the most well-known doctors in the Islamic world in this period
reflects a clear approach to health developed by classical Muslim doctors. the caliphate of
Baghdad and elites from dozens of cities in the Muslim world sought new medicines from India,
for example turmeric. Turmeric has antibacterial properties that can stop and heal festering
wounds. Unlike in the Western tradition, the number of female doctors at the University of
Medan is only a beginner. Some Unani women's practices only serve women in homes and are
not yet professional. The female unani practitioner was under the protection of several female
leaders, such as the educated Begum Bhopal, who had ruled the state of Central India for more
than 30 years at the end of the 19th century. Then, awareness emerged about the importance of
women's health and the availability of schools to train female doctors in Unani so that the
number of female practitioners increased by the hour and even today the number of men and
women in Unani colleges is almost the same.
Diagnosis and treatment
According to Unani medicine, management of any disease depends upon the diagnosis of
disease. Proper diagnosis depends upon observation of the patient's symptoms and temperament.
Unani, like Ayurveda, is based on theory of the presence of the elements in the human body.
According to followers of Unani medicine, these elements are present in fluids and their balance
leads to health and their imbalance leads to illness.
According to Unani practitioners, the failure of the Quwwat-e-Mudabbira-e-Badan, or
the body's ability to maintain its own health, may lead to derangement of the normal equilibrium
of the body's akhlat (humors). Abnormal humors are believed to lead to pathological changes in
the tissues at the affected site, creating the clinical manifestations of illness. The theory
postulates the presence of blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile in the human body. Each
person's unique mixture of these substances determines his mizaj (temperament). A
predominance of blood gives a sanguine temperament; a predominance of phlegm makes one
phlegmatic; yellow bile, bilious (or choleric); and black bile, melancholic.
After diagnosing the disease, treatment follows a pattern (Usool-e-ilaj):
 Izalae Sabab (elimination of cause)
 Tadeele Akhlat (normalization of humors)
 Tadeele Aza (normalization of tissues/organs)

Chinese medicine / Chinese medicine

Definition
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a branch of traditional medicine that is said to be
based on more than 3,500 years of Chinese medical practice that includes various forms of herbal
medicine, acupuncture, cupping therapy, gua sha, massage (tui na), bonesetter (die-da), exercise
(qigong), and dietary therapy,[1] but recently also influenced by modern Western medicine.
Kind of Practices
Several. They include:

 Acupuncture: very fine needles placed gently in the skin

 Cupping: heated cups that create suction on your skin
 Herbs: teas, powders, and capsules made mostly from plants
 Meditation: a way to sit quietly and calm your mind
 Moxibustion: dried herbs burned near the skin
 Tai chi: exercise with slow movements and focus on the breath

Treatment practices
 In the Western world, traditional Chinese medicine is considered an alternative medicine.
However, in the People's Republic of China and Taiwan, this has become an inseparable part of
the health system. Traditional medicine is a non-invasive form of therapeutic intervention, rooted
in ancient beliefs, including the concept of ancient beliefs. At the 19th abd, these practitioners of
traditional medicine still had limited knowledge about infectious diseases, and an understanding
of Western medicine such as biochemistry. They use theories that have been thousands of years
old based on experience and observations and a system of procedures that forms the basis of
treatment and diagnosis.
Unlike some extinct forms of traditional medicine, traditional Chinese medicine is now
part of modern medicine and part of the health system in China. In recent decades, many
Western medical experts have also examined the truth of traditional Chinese medicine.
Traditional Chinese medicine is often applied in helping to deal with the side effects of
chemotherapy, assisting in the treatment of drug dependent drugs, and treating various chronic
conditions that conventional medicine considers impossible to cure.
Diagnostic technique
 Palpate or feel the pulse of the patient's racial arteries in six positions
 Observe the state of the patient's tongue
 Observe the patient's face
 Touching the patient's body, especially the abdomen
 Observe patient's voice
 Observe the surface of the ear
 Observe the fine blood vessels in the forefinger pathway of children
 Compares the relative warmth or temperature in several parts of the body
 Observe the patient's body odor
 Ask about the effect of the problem
 Other tests without tools and hurt the patient
Treatment technique
In its history, there are eight ways of treatment: Tui na ( 推拿) - massage therapy ,Acupuncture
(針灸), Chinese herbal medicine (中药), Chinese food therapy (食 疗), Qigong (氣功) and other
meditation exercises, T'ai Chi Ch'uan (太極拳) and other Chinese martial arts, Feng shui (风水),
Chinese Astrology
Traditional Medicine
Definition
 Traditional medicine (also known as indigenous or folk medicine) comprises medical aspects
of traditional knowledge that developed over generations within various societies before the era
of modern medicine. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines traditional medicine as "the
sum total of the knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences
indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as
well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness".
[1]
 Traditional medicine is contrasted with scientific medicine.
Traditional medicine may sometimes be considered as distinct from folk medicine, and the
considered to include formalized aspects of folk medicine. Under this definition folk medicine
are longstanding remedies passed on and practiced by lay people. Folk medicine consists of
the healing practices and ideas of body physiology and health preservation known to some in a
culture, transmitted informally as general knowledge, and practiced or applied by anyone in the
culture having prior experience.
In some Asian and African countries, up to 80% of the population relies on traditional
medicine for their primary health care needs. When adopted outside its traditional culture,
traditional medicine is often considered a form of alternative medicine.[1] Practices known as
traditional medicines include traditional European medicine, traditional Chinese
medicine, traditional Korean medicine, traditional African medicine, Ayurveda, Siddha
medicine, Unani, ancient Iranian Medicine, Iranian (Persian), Islamic medicine, Muti, and Ifá.
Traditional medicine may sometimes be considered as distinct from folk medicine, and the
considered to include formalized aspects of folk medicine. Under this definition folk medicine
are longstanding remedies passed on and practiced by lay people. Folk medicine consists of
the healing practices and ideas of body physiology and health preservation known to some in a
culture, transmitted informally as general knowledge, and practiced or applied by anyone in the
culture having prior experience.
Terminology

 Folk medicine
Many countries have practices described as folk medicine which may coexist with
formalized, science-based, and institutionalized systems of medical practice represented
by conventional medicine.Examples of folk medicine traditions are traditional Chinese
medicine, traditional Korean medicine, Arabic indigenous medicine, Uyghur traditional
medicine, Japanese Kampō medicine, traditional Aboriginal bush medicine, and Georgian
folk medicine, among others
 Australian bush medicine
Generally, bush medicine used by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
people in Australia is made from plant materials, such as bark, leaves and seeds, although
animal products may be used as well. A major component of traditional medicine
is herbal medicine, which is the use of natural plant substances to treat or prevent illness
  Native American medicine
American Native and Alaska Native medicine are traditional forms of healing that have
been around for thousands of years.

References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_medicine

https://khazanah.republika.co.id/berita/dunia-islam/islam-digest/19/01/30/pm51gy313-unani-
perpaduan-pengobatan-yunani-dan-islam

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengobatan_tradisional_Tionghoa

https://journal.sociolla.com/lifestyle/5-hal-tentang-ayurveda-yang-perlu-anda-ketahui/

https://www.spiritualresearchfoundation.org/indonesian/pengobatan-alternatif/pengobatan-ayurveda/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine

MAKALAH MANUSIA SEBAGAI MAHLUK SOSIAL

TUGAS AGAMA KRISTEN
 Disusun untuk memenuhi tugas
Mata kuliah : Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Dosen Pengampu : Pdt. Bambang Santoso, SH.SSi

Nama : Tiffanny Ocktivianie Tobing

NIM : 6411419029
Fakultas : Ilmu Keolahragaan
Prodi : Kesehatan Masyarakat