I.

DEFINITION OF DIARRHEA

Diarrhea is defined as inflammation of the mucous membranes of the stomach and

small intestine which is characterized by large air discharge with a liquid consistency
(diarrhea) 3 times or more in one day (24 hours), a collision that results in fluid and
electrolytes that cause dehydration and disruption of electrolyte balance (Betz, 2009).

II. DIARRHEA DISTRIBUTION

A. Division of diarrhea according to etiology According to the World Gastroenterology

Organization, global guidelines 2005, the etiology of acute diarrhea is divided into
four causes:
1. Bacteria: Shigella, Salmonella, E. Coli, Gol. Vibrio, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium
perfringens, Stafilokokus aureus, Campylobacter aeromonas
2. Viruses: Rotavirus, Adenovirus, Norwalk virus, Coronavirus, Astrovirus
3. Parasites: Protozoa, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Balantidium coli,
Trichuris trichiura, Cryptosporidium parvum, Strongyloides stercoralis
4. Non-infection: Malabsorption, food poisoning, allergies, motility disorders,
immunodeficiency, eating difficulties, etc.

B. Diarrhea distribution according to the mechanism, namely disorders:

1. Absorption
2. Impaired secretion

C. Diarrhea distribution according to duration of diarrhea

1. Acute diarrhea that lasts less than 14 days.
2. Chronic diarrhea that lasts more than 14 days with a non-infectious etiology
3. Persistent diarrhea that lasts more than 14 days with the etiology of the infection.
 III. CAUSES OF DIARRHEA BASED ON L. GREEN THEORY

Lawrence Green Theory (1980)

According to Green, there are 3 factors that influence interactions, there are:

1. Predisposing factor
These factors include community knowledge and attitudes towards health,
traditions and community trust in matters relating to health, the value system adopted
by the community, education level, socioeconomic level and so on.
Predisposing factor of diarrhea;
a. Lacking knowledge of healthy and clean life behavior, such as washing hands
after defecate, and before eating,
b. Diarrhea usually occur in low-economic social level, due to the bad sanitation
in the settlement slum area,
c. The community still littering and do the improper defection.
2. Enabling factor
These factors include the availability of facilities and infrastructure or health
facilities for the community such as, puskesmas, hospitals, polyclinics, posyandu,
polindes, village medicine posts, doctors or private practice midwives. This facility
essentially supports or enables the realization of health behaviors.
Enabling factor of diarrhea;
a. lack of health facilities in developing countries,
b. lack of clean water,
c. poor health infrastructure,
d. improper defecation, caused by lack of good toilet facilities,
e. environmental cleanliness (flies everywhere).
3. Reinforcing Factor
These factors include the attitudes and behavior of community leaders, religious
leaders and health workers. This also includes laws, regulations from both the central
and local government related to health. To behave in a healthy manner, the
community sometimes not only needs knowledge and positive attitude and support of
facilities, but also requires behavioral examples (references) from community
leaders, religious leaders and officials, especially health workers. In addition, laws
are also needed to strengthen the behavior of these people.
 Reinforcing factor of diarrhea;
a. The health workers lack campaigning on the importance of clean and healthy
living,
b. The laws abaout littering is still weak in controlling,
c. There is no possible sanitation facilities in community, so can’t give the best
example.
IV. DIARRHEA SYMPTOMS

Common symptoms of diarrhea are:

1. Stool is soft and runny

2. Stomach ache
3. Stomach cramps
4. Nausea and vomiting
5. Headaches
6. Loss of appetite
7. Continuous thirst
8. Fever
9. Dehydration
10. Blood in the stool
11. Feces produced a lot
12. Continuously going to the toilet

V. TREATMENT DIARRHEA

1. Drink lots of water

Diarrhea causes the body to lose a lot of fluids. Thus, doctors can usually provide
electrolyte or oralit liquid which can be purchased at pharmacies. This liquid is
commonly used as a first aid problem to waste water.
Electrolyte fluids can give the body the intake of glucose, salt and other important
minerals that are lost during dehydration. Rehydration solution suitable for children
and the elderly.
2. Rest
When you have diarrhea, you should try to rest as much as possible. People who are
affected or are experiencing this condition, must stop their activities temporarily. The
point is to recover the energy used up to go back and forth to the toilet.
3. Eat healthy food
When diarrhea, you should give food that is easily digested through the BRAT diet
(banana, rice, applesauce, and toast), namely rice, apple sauce, and bread. These foods
are good for children or adults when they are wasting water.
The BRAT diet consists of low-fiber foods with a bland taste that is easy to chew
until smooth. This type of food is good for digestive organs that are in trouble. And it
is advisable to avoid spicy, oily, or fatty foods.
4. See a Doctor
If diarrhea has continued and is disturbed, call a doctor immediately. Early treatment
will facilitate the healing process.
 REFERENCES

https://hellosehat.com/pusat-kesehatan/diare/penyebab-diare/

https://lib.unnes.ac.id/22939/1/6411411134.pdf

http://repository.ump.ac.id/729/2/CUCU%20SITA%20WATI%20BAB%20II.pdf

http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/31092/Chapter?sequence=4

http://www.sarjanaku.com/2013/04/faktor-faktor-yang-berhubungan-dengan.html