1.

1 CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The factors responsible for the prevalence of food borne diseases due to poor food hygiene in rural
communities, where standard if sanitation make it possible for the growth of various health problem
associated with food borne diseases in rural communities to invade people and cause numerous
morbidity and mortality cases due to insufficient attention and negligence. O.T Abiodin (2002).

Food borne diseases is usually mean the diseases cause by consuming or drinking of contaminated
food by pathogenic bacteria,viruses or parasite that contaminated food, as well as chemical or natural
toxins such as mushroom.

The presence of filthy environment as a result of poor waste disposal in rural communities, homes and
market have I'll effects on the quality of food preparation in such environment and especially those
offered for the sale to public.

These wastes are normally potential source of food contaminants.These contaminants could be
biological or chemical,by extension of which complication is the consequence on the health of people
and consumers of those food items. Flies are the function that contribute constant manace food borne
disease.They breed in refuse and other decaying matters carrying filthy and microorganisms on the body
and separate them on food hence contaminating food. The flies eating are particularly disadvantageous
as they drop saliva as well as part of their previous meal into uncovered food to solve and also dilute
into poisonous substance which is dangerous for human consumption.

As mentioned earlier in situation where western are unattended in the environment where human
feaces are indiscriminately due to lack or chemical unfuctional latrines the could be catastrophic.

Based on what is physical observed in public market of kurfi common finding is open foods are sold for
public consumption and in the case of fried fish sellers the the situation is even worse as one can find
especially decayed frozen fish is covered with four and fried sold for human consumption. The reason
for disease such as. Typhoid.

Good food hygiene is desirable to people to meet their need of safe fod.Every individual should
recognize the need for proper food hygiene and contributes to the improvement of community hygiene
and food handler should be observe proper personal hygiene so as to break the chain of infection from
food borne diseases.
1.2 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF STUDY
This project focused on the factors responsible for the prevalence of food borne diseases due to poor
food hygiene in rural communities of Kurfi local government and to identify various diseases associated
with poor food hygiene.

The research is supported to have covered large area beyond Kurfi local government. But due to
financial constraints and need for accuracy to acquire all the necessary data for the successful
implementation of the project it is limited as a case study of Kurfi local government.

Secondly, the above state problems and others the research was successful conducted and all important
information derived in the process concerning the topic of discussion was complied and collected and
also information drived in the process concerning the topic discussion clearly provide the flesh for this
project.

1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The problems associated with food borne diseases due to poor foods hygiene in rural communities of
Kurfi local government has become visible and continuously going on due to many reasons that pose
threat to healthy living of people.

The most important factor contributing is lack of proper environmental sanitation, due to laxity of
government in imposing environmental sanitation laws.Which make the land become polluted for the
continued pollution of water sources that are meat for food preparation serving and consumption this
can be clearly be seen due poor refuse collections and disposal, improper drainage system and bad
handling for sewage from domestic buildings.

However, another problem with noticing is the indiscriminate defeacation in rural communities which is
rampant, especially among children who have the habit of passing excrata here and there, which
sometimes pass directly in to food or water sources meant for human consumption.

Another problem is literacy level of the people, geographical location and climatic condition of rural
communities all of which need serious attention for improvement. This is because, most of rural
communities are known With serious shortage of water suply which is needed for drinking purpose and
other day to day activities such as cooking, washing, bathing and their need for hygiene and sanitation.
The people often use any available water sources especially during dry seoson when water scarcity is at
peak.
Moreover, poverty which is great problem, as it contribution to poor food hygiene. Especially in rural
area where most people cook their food in available means,be it clean or dirty or lack of sufficient
awareness on the dangers of poor hygiene.

Another problem is lack of hygiene, this lead to spread of diseases associated with poor food hygiene.
Therefore important of health education campaign cannot be over emphasized.

1.4 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY

The most important issue in designing any project is to serve as an identifier of particular problem,
therefore, this project after successful compilation would help government, health; experts, NGOs,and
public at large by understanding the ways through which food borne diseases can be prevented and
controlled the area of the study. The problems associated with food borne diseases due to poor food
hygiene in rural communities of Kurfi local government to improve the situation.

Therefore, this project would assist students, management or any individual interested in health and
rural habitation issue to form broader form and wider In scope with a view to preparing more solutions
for healthy growths for our communities.

1.5 DEFINITION OF THE TEARMS

1-Food:-any substance that is or be eating by living organisms, in other to sustain life and supply energy.

2-Health:-a state if complete physical, mental and social wellbeing of an individual not morely the
absence of diseases or infirmity.

3-Hygien:-those condition and practice that promote and preserved health.

4-Sanitation:-the policy and practice of protection health through hygienic measures.

5-Diseases:-any abnormal or harmful condition. Of the bidy.

6-wholesome:-sound and health.

7-Enviroment:-immediate and distant surrounding of man.

8-Infection:-is a transfer of pathogenic micro organism from one place to another.

1.6 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1-To identity the major causes of poor hygiene in rural communities.

2-To ascertain the prevalence of those problems and their effect to human health.

3-To identity the various diseases associated with poor hygiene in rural communities.
4-To offer suggestive and recommendatio on various ways that the problems could be controlled and
prevented.

5-To health educate the general public on the importance of food hygiene and environmental sanitation
to human health.

1.7 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

1-There are major causes of poor food hygiene in rural communities of Kurfi local government area.

2-There is various effect of poor food hygiene to the people in the area.

3-Poor food hygiene causes cholera disease in Kurfi local government area.

4-There are ways through which poor food borne hygiene can be prevented and control in the area.

5-Healh education assists the general public toward personal and environmental hygiene of the people
in the area.

1.8 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1-What are the major causes of poor food hygiene in rural communities of Kurfi local government area?

2-What are the effects of poor food hygiene to the people in the area?

3-How poor food hygiene does causes cholera disease in the area?

4-What are the various ways through which poor food hygiene can be prevented and controlled in the
area?

5-How does health education assist the general public toward personal and environmental hygiene of
the people in the area?