Sheet1

Analytical calibration using a simple linear curve fit, with error estimation
Calibration data

Instrument reading
Concentration Instrument
of standards readings

f(x) = 0
R² = 0.0000 Calibration curve and the best-fit line
12

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Concentration
R e s id u a l s

1500.0%

1000.0%

500.0%

0.0%
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00

Standard deviation of the residuals =

value Error (σ) % Error

Slope #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Intercept #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Page 1
Sheet1

Page 2
Sheet1

Page 3
Sheet1

Page 4
Sheet1

Page 5
 Sheet1

ror estimation
Application to unknowns
Readings of Calculated
the unknowns concentration
est-fit line
Calculated % Calculated
error (σ) error Instructions
Enter the concentrations of t
readings (e.g. absorbance) i
Leave the rest of the table b
points on the calibration curv
method or four points for the
(zero concentration standard
readings for one standard, it
separate standard with the s
entering the average. The sp
more weight to standards th

Enter the instrument reading

of the unknowns into the yel
have any number of unknow
instrument readings for one
as a separate unknown, rath
see how much variation in c
by the variation in instrumen
8 10 12
on
The concentrations of the un
and displayed column K. If y
deleting, changing, or addin
concentrations are automati

You can remove any point fr

corresponding values in the
8.00 10.00 12.00
right-click on the cell and clic
#DIV/0! Contents". The spreadsheet
the graph re-draws; if it does

Don't type anything into colu

formulas.

Page 6
Sheet1

Page 7
Sheet1

Page 8
Sheet1

Page 9
Sheet1

Page 10
 Sheet1

Enter the concentrations of the standards and their instrument

eadings (e.g. absorbance) into the blue table on the left.
Leave the rest of the table blank. You must have at least two
points on the calibration curve (three points for the quadratic
method or four points for the cubic method), including the blank
zero concentration standard). If you have multiple instrument
eadings for one standard, it's better to enter each as a
eparate standard with the same concentration, rather than
entering the average. The spreadsheet automatically gives
more weight to standards that have more than one reading.

Enter the instrument readings (e.g. intensity, absorbance, etc)

of the unknowns into the yellow table on the right. You can
have any number of unknowns up to 20. (If you have multiple
nstrument readings for one unknown, it's better to enter each
as a separate unknown, rather than averaging them, so you can
ee how much variation in calculated concentration is produced
by the variation in instrument reading).

The concentrations of the unknowns are automatically calculated

and displayed column K. If you edit the calibration curve, by
deleting, changing, or adding more calibration standards, the
oncentrations are automatically recalculated.

You can remove any point from the curve fit by deleting the
orresponding values in the table. To delete a value;
ight-click on the cell and click "Delete Contents" or "Clear
Contents". The spreadsheet automatically re-calculates and
he graph re-draws; if it does not, press F9 to recalculate.

Don't type anything into columns K, L, or M; they contain important

Page 11
 Sheet2

Residual calculations
Concentratio
ns of the Predicted Actual
standards readings reading

X*Y X*X (Y-Ybar)^2 (Y-Ypred)^2

0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000

Page 12
 Sheet2
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000

Page 13
 Sheet2
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000

Page 14
 Sheet2
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000

Page 15
 Sheet2
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0.000 0.0000

Page 16
 Sheet2
0 0 0.000 0.0000

Page 17
 Sheet2

Residuals (%
Actual- of max
predicted reading)
ΣX ΣY Σ(X*Y)
sum (Σ) 0.0000 0.0000 0.000
number of poin 0.0000
average (mea #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

slope #DIV/0!
intercept #DIV/0!

Coefficent of determiniation, r2 #DIV/0!

Summary of equations:
n=number of x,y data points
sumx=Σx
sumy=Σy
sumxy=Σx*y
sumx2=Σx*x
meanx=sumx/n
meany=sumy/n
slope=(n*sumxy - sumx*sumy) / (n*sumx2 - sumx*sumx)
intercept=meany-(slope*meanx)
ssy=Σ(Y-meany)^2
ssr=Σ(Y-intercept-slope*X)^2
R2 =1-(ssr/ssy)
sdb=standard deviation of intercept=SQRT(ssr/(n-2))*SQRT(sumx2/(n*sumx2 – su
sdm=standard deviation of slope=SQRT(ssr/(n-2))*SQRT(n/(n*sumx2 – sumx*sum

Note: The if( ) functions in some of the cells

are not part of the actual numerical calculation.
Their purpose is simply to blank out or zero
out cells that are not being used at the monent.

Page 18
Sheet2

Page 19
Sheet2

Page 20
Sheet2

Page 21
Sheet2

Page 22
Sheet2

Page 23
 Sheet2

Σ(X*X) Σ(Y-Ybar)^2 Σ(Y-Ypred)^2

0.000 0.00 0.0000
sdb sdm
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Standard deviation of the residuals =

ssr/(n-2))*SQRT(sumx2/(n*sumx2 – sumx*sumx))
(n-2))*SQRT(n/(n*sumx2 – sumx*sumx))

Page 24