Sheet1

Analytical calibration using a weighted linear curve fit, with error estimation
Calibration data

Instrument reading
Concentration Instrument
Weights of standards readings

Calibration curve and the best-fit line

12

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Concentration
R e s id u a ls

1500.0%

1000.0%

500.0%

0.0%
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00

Standard deviation of the residuals =

Coefficent of determiniation, r2 =
value Error (σ) % Error
Slope #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Intercept #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

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rror estimation
Application to unknowns
Readings of Calculated Calculated % Calculated
the unknowns concentration error (σ) error Instructions
Enter the concentrations of the standards a
st-fit line readings (e.g. absorbance, etc) into the blu
Leave the rest of the table blank. You mus
points on the calibration curve. Enter the w
into Column A, or Copy and Paste from co
a point, enter a weight of zero. If you have
readings for one standard, it's better to ent
separate standard with the same concentra
entering the average. The spreadsheet aut
more weight to standards that have more t

Enter the instrument readings (e.g. intensit

of the unknowns into the yellow table on th
have any number of unknowns up to 200. (
instrument readings for one unknown, it's b
as a separate unknown, rather than averag
see how much variation in calculated conc
by the variation in instrument reading).
8 10 12
on
The concentrations of the unknowns are au
and displayed column K. If you edit the cal
deleting, changing, or adding more calibrat
by changing the weights, concentrations ar

You can remove any point from the curve f

corresponding values in the table. To delet
8.00 10.00 12.00
right-click on the cell and click "Delete Con
#DIV/0! Contents". The spreadsheet automatically
#DIV/0! the graph re-draws; if it does not, press F9

Don't type anything into columns K, L, or M

formulas.

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Normalized weights (Copy/Paste to Co

1/X
entrations of the standards and their instrument
absorbance, etc) into the blue table on the left.
of the table blank. You must have at least two
alibration curve. Enter the weights for each point
or Copy and Paste from column Z to AC. To remove
weight of zero. If you have multiple instrument
e standard, it's better to enter each as a
ard with the same concentration, rather than
erage. The spreadsheet automatically gives
standards that have more than one reading.

ment readings (e.g. intensity, absorbance, etc)

s into the yellow table on the right. You can
er of unknowns up to 200. (If you have multiple
dings for one unknown, it's better to enter each
nknown, rather than averaging them, so you can
variation in calculated concentration is produced
in instrument reading).

ons of the unknowns are automatically calculated

column K. If you edit the calibration curve, by
ing, or adding more calibration standards, or
e weights, concentrations are automatically recalculated.

e any point from the curve fit by deleting the

values in the table. To delete a value;
e cell and click "Delete Contents" or "Clear
spreadsheet automatically re-calculates and
aws; if it does not, press F9 to recalculate.

hing into columns K, L, or M; they contain important

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Normalized weights (Copy/Paste to Column A)

1/X^2 1/Y 1/Y^2

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Residual calculations
Concentrations
of the
standards
Weighted sums
X Y X*Y X*X (Y-Ybar)^2 (Y-Ypred)^2
0.0000 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0.0000 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0.0000 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0.0000 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0.0000 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000

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0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000

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0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000

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0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000

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0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000

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0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0000

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sidual calculations
Residuals (%
Predicted Actual Actual- of max
readings reading predicted reading)
0.0000 #VALUE! ΣX
0.0000 #VALUE! sum (Σ) 0.0000
0.0000 #VALUE! number of poin 0.0000
0.0000 #VALUE! average (mea #DIV/0!
0.0000 #VALUE!
0.0000 #VALUE! slope #DIV/0!
0.0000 #VALUE! intercept #DIV/0!
0.0000 #VALUE!
0.0000 #VALUE!
0.0000 #VALUE!
0.0000 #VALUE!
0.0000 #VALUE! Coefficent of determiniation, r2
0.0000 #VALUE!
0.0000 #VALUE!
0.0000 #VALUE! Summary of equations:
0.0000 #VALUE! n=number of x,y data points
0.0000 #VALUE! sumx=Σx
0.0000 #VALUE! sumy=Σy
0.0000 #VALUE! sumxy=Σx*y
0.0000 #VALUE! sumx2=Σx*x
0.0000 #VALUE! meanx=sumx/n
0.0000 #VALUE! meany=sumy/n
0.0000 #VALUE! slope=(n*sumxy - sumx*sumy) / (n*sumx2 - sumx*su
0.0000 #VALUE! intercept=meany-(slope*meanx)
0.0000 #VALUE! ssy=Σ(Y-meany)^2
0.0000 #VALUE! ssr=Σ(Y-intercept-slope*X)^2
0.0000 #VALUE! R2 =1-(ssr/ssy)
0.0000 #VALUE! sdb=standard deviation of intercept=SQRT(ssr/(n-2))
0.0000 #VALUE! sdm=standard deviation of slope=SQRT(ssr/(n-2))*S
0.0000 #VALUE!
0.0000 #VALUE! Note: The if( ) functions in some of the cells
0.0000 #VALUE! are not part of the actual numerical calculation.
0.0000 #VALUE! Their purpose is simply to blank out or zero
0.0000 #VALUE! out cells that are not being used at the monent.
0.0000 #VALUE!
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0.0000 #VALUE!
0.0000 #VALUE!
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0.0000 #VALUE!
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0.0000 #VALUE!
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0.0000 #VALUE!
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0.0000 #VALUE!
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ΣY Σ(X*Y) Σ(X*X) Σ(Y-Ybar)^2 Σ(Y-Ypred)^2

0.0000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.0000
sdb sdm
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Standard deviation of the residuals =

#DIV/0!

x*sumy) / (n*sumx2 - sumx*sumx)

n of intercept=SQRT(ssr/(n-2))*SQRT(sumx2/(n*sumx2 – sumx*sumx))
n of slope=SQRT(ssr/(n-2))*SQRT(n/(n*sumx2 – sumx*sumx))

s in some of the cells

al numerical calculation.
y to blank out or zero
eing used at the monent.

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