Professional Documents
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Assistant professor
Softwood:
This type of timber is produced from trees that do not lose their
leaves (coniferous).
Softwood trees grow much quicker than the hardwood ones, they
are therefore cheaper to buy and far more available. Softwood is
used for construction of houses and furniture, and outdoor uses
such as fencing.
A tree absorbs CO2 as it grows and stores the carbon as wood. When it
reaches maturity it stops absorbing extra carbon. Eventually, if not cutdown,
it will die and gradually give off CO2 as it rots.
If it is cut down and the wood is used for products such as furniture or buildings
this locks
up the carbon in the timber for the lifetime of the product.
If the tree is replaced the new tree will start absorbing more CO2.
The process of drying timber or removing moisture or sap, present in a freshly felled timber,
under more or less controlled conditions is called seasoning of timber.
Advantages of Seasoning:
1) Seasoned timber is light.
2) Improves strength properties.
3) Easy to transport and handle.
4) Timber less liable to be attacked by fungus
and insects.
5) Reduces the tendency to shrink and warp.
Methods of Seasoning:
1. Natural Seasoning
Sufficient space is left around each sawn piece for free air-circulation.
Also known as air seasoning, natural air remains circulating around each piece
of the stack and in due course of time, seasoning is brought about.
2. Artificial Seasoning
Methods of Artificial Seasoning:
Boiling : timber is immersed in boiling water for a certain period of time. Then it is dried
slowly by natural air.
Steaming: Steam is passed and then dried in natural air. Steam is usually passed for 4 to 6
hours.
Kiln Seasoning:
Chemical Seasoning: salt seasoning, 1st soaked in salt, then passed through kiln seasoning
Electrical Seasoning: high frequency alternating currents are passed through timber in a
closed chamber and the resistance caused by the passage of the currents produces heat which
dries the timber.
Indicates an increase in life by developing resistance to insect attack, fungal infection
and disease of timbers
A preservative acts like a disinfectant.
A seasoned timber , since dried, is hygroscopic and to prevent re-absorption of
moisture, the tissues of seasoned wood have to be soaked with some type of preservative.
Seasoning, therefore, prepares a timber for preservative treatment by driving away
moisture
Choice of Preservative is governed by
1. Their toxicity and poisonous effects
2. Permanency in their effect in treated wood
3. Should not be injurious to wood tissues
4. Cheaply available and safe to handle
5. Should allow a decorative treatment
6. Should not disfigure exposed surface of timber
7. Non-inflammable
8. Should have a good covering quality
Methods of Preservation
1. Charring : Crude method, a coal layer is formed on the surface, used at lower ends of posts of
timber.
2. Tarring: Application of a layer of hot tar on the surface, applied to a embedded ends of posts
3. Painting: both aesthetic and preservative purposes
4. Creosoting :distillation of coal, petroleum or wood substances, used on piles, poles and railway
sleepers.
5. Water soluble chemical salts : cheaper than creosote treatment, e.g. Zinc chloride treatment
6. Ascu-Treatment: Mixture of 3CuSO4.5H2O +4 K2Cr2O7.2H2O+ As2O5.2H20
Types of preservatives
Timber Rot
It is a sort of timber decay. During rot, disintegration takes place and gases like H2S and
CO2 are generated
Two types :
Wood-equivalent Products
These types of composite woods are manufactured by binding together wood strands,
fibers or veneers with adhesives to form composite materials.
(a) Veneer It is thin slices of wood, usually thinner than 3
mm. (1/8 inch). Veneer layers are usually glued and
pressed onto core panels of different materials (such as
particle board, fiberboard)