Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2020
FORMULA SHEET
One Population
1 n 2 1 n
2
1 n 1 n 1 n 2 2
x xi xi x n 1 xi nx n 1 xi n xi
2
s
2
x
n i 1 n 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1
z , x / n X 0 X 0
X /2 x Z t , df n 1
t /2 sx , sx s / n x sx
S 0.5n
B n, p N np, npq
S N 0.5n, 0.5 n Z
0.5 n
T T n(n 1) n( n 1)(2n 1)
T N T , T , Z , T , T2
T 4 24
ˆˆ
pq p̂ p0
pˆ z /2 s pˆ , s pˆ Z
n p0 q0
n
(n 1) s 2 (n 1) s 2 (n 1) s 2
, , df n 1 2 , df n 1
/2 12 /2 02
2
3
1 xi x
n
6
SK
n i 1 (n 1) / n s
, sSK
n
4
1 xi x
n
24
K
n i 1 (n 1) / n s
, sK
n
n 2 ( Kˆ 3) 2
JB SK
6 4
Page 1
Two Populations – Matched Pairs
z / 2 x , x D / n X D D ,0 X D D ,0
XD
D D
Z t , df n 1
tn 1, / 2 sxD , sxD sD / n x D
s xD
12 22 X X 2 D ,0
X 1 X 2 z /2 x1 x2 , x1 x2 n1
n2
Z
1
x x
1 2
t
X 1 X 2 x1 x2 ,0
, df n1 n2 2
sx1 x2
s12 s2
X 1 X 2 t /2 s x1 x2 , s x1 x2 sx21 sx22 , sx21
n1
, sx22 2
n2
X X 2 x1 x2 ,0 s
2
2
1 x1 x2
t , df
s / (n 1) s
2 2
sx1 x2 2 2
/ (n2 1)
x1 1 x2
T T ni ( n1 n2 1) n n (n n 1)
T N T , T , Z , T , T2 1 2 1 2
T 2 12
pˆ1qˆ1 pˆ 2 qˆ2
pˆ1 pˆ 2 z /2 s pˆ pˆ , s pˆ1 pˆ 2
1 2
n1 n2
pˆ1 pˆ 2 1 1 f f
Z , s pˆ1 pˆ 2 ˆ ˆ , pˆ 1 2
pq
s pˆ1 pˆ 2 n1 n2 n1 n2
Z
pˆ1 pˆ 2 D0 , s pˆ1 pˆ 2
pˆ1qˆ1 pˆ 2 qˆ2
f
, pˆ i i , qˆi 1 pˆ i
s pˆ1 pˆ 2 n1 n2 ni
Page 2
Two or More Populations – Independent Samples
k nj
1 k k
SS xij x ( n 1) s 2 , x j j
2
SS SST SSE , n x , n nj
j 1 i 1 n j 1 j 1
k k nj k
SST n j x j x SSE xij x j (n j 1) s 2j
2 2
,
j 1 j 1 i 1 j 1
k T2
12
H j
n(n 1) j 1 n j
3(n 1) , H df2 , df k 1
k b
SS xij x (n 1) s 2
2
SS SST SSB SSE ,
j 1 i 1
k b k b
SST b xT , j x x B ,i x , SSE xij xT , j xB ,i x
2 2 2
, SSB k
j 1 i 1 j 1 i 1
Analysis of Frequencies
oi ei
2
k
oi2
k
2
n , df k m
i 1 ei i 1 ei
o eij
2
r c r c oij2
ij
2
n , df (r 1)(c 1)
i 1 j 1 eij i 1 j 1 eij
Page 3
Correlation and Linear Regression
1 n 1 n 1 n 1 n n
s xy i
n 1 i 1
( x x )( yi y ) i i
n 1 i 1
x y nx y n 1 i i n xi yi
x y
i 1 i 1
i 1
1 n 2 1 n
2
1 n 1 n 2 2
xi x n 1 xi nx n 1 xi n xi
2
s
2
x
n 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1
1 n 2 1 n
2
1 n 1 n 2 2
yi y n 1 yi ny n 1 yi n yi
2
s
2
y
n 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1
sxy 1 n xi x yi y rxy n 2
rxy
sx s y
n 1 i 1 sx s y
tr , df n 2
1 rxy2
yi β0 β1 xi i
n
( xi x )( yi y ) sxy
ˆ1 i 1 , ˆ0 y ˆ1 x , yˆi ˆ0 ˆ1 xi , ei yi yˆi
n
( xi x ) 2 sx2
i 1
ˆi 0,i
βˆi tα / 2 ,n k 1s βˆ , tˆ , i 0,1 , df n 2
i i
sˆ
i
n 2
i 1 i
x /n 1 SSE
sˆ s , sˆ s , s
0
(n 1) s 2
x
1
(n 1) sx2 n k 1
R 2 rxy2
n n 2 sxy2
SSE e ( yi yi ) (n 1) s y 2
ˆ2 2
i sx
i 1 i 1
1 ( x x )2 1 ( x x )2
s yˆ0 s 1 n0 sEˆ ( y ) s n0
n ( xi x ) 2 0
n ( xi x ) 2
i 1 i 1
yˆ 0 t /2 s yˆ0 , yˆ 0 t / 2 sEˆ ( y , df n 2
0)
Page 4
yi β0 β1 xi ... βk xk i
ˆi 0,i
βˆi tα / 2 ,n k 1s βˆ , tˆ , i 0,1,..., k , df n k 1
i i
sˆ
i
n n
SST SSR SSE , SST ( yi y ) 2 (n 1) s y2 , SSR ( yˆi y ) 2
i 1 i 1
MSR SSR / k R2 / k
F , df1 k , df 2 n k 1
MSE SSE / (n k 1) (1 R 2 ) / (n k 1)
1
VIFj
1 R 2j
yˆ 0 t / 2 s yˆ0 , yˆ 0 t / 2 sEˆ ( y ) yˆ 0 2 s , df n k 1
0
Zi 0 1 X1i 2 X 2i ... k X ki
1
Logit Model: Pi
1 e Zi
Zi 1 0.5u 2
Probit Model: Pi e du
2
Page 5